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4 my $stylesheet=<<END_STYLESHEET;
5 <style type="text/css">
6 <!--
7 body {
8 color: #000000;
9 background-color: #ffffff;
12 p {
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17 .footnote {
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23 .bibliography {
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29 $page->header('The Seymour Lab', undef, $stylesheet);
30 print<<END_HEREDOC;
32 <center>
33 <h1>The Seymour Lab</h1>
34 </center>
36 <p class="footnote" style="text-align:center"><img src=
37 "/static_content/community/feature/200409-1.jpg" border="0" width="570" height="300" alt=
38 "The Seymour Lab" /><br />
39 Kavita Kulkarni, Mervin Poole, Ken Manning, Graham B. Seymour,
40 Alex Popovich and Peter G. Walley</p>
42 <p>Fleshy fruits are economically highly valuable and provide a
43 substantial part of the daily intake of vitamins and minerals
44 whether they are consumed in a fresh or processed condition.
45 There is evidence emerging that the genes that regulate ripening
46 in fruits have been conserved during evolution. In our laboratory
47 the aim is to isolate key members of this class of regulatory
48 genes and investigate their role in ripening. There are three
49 strands to our work in this area:</p>
51 <p>One approach is to clone the wild type allele of the gene
52 responsible for the Colourless non-ripening (Cnr ) mutation of
53 tomato. In tomato a small number of single gene mutations exist,
54 such as rin, nor and Cnr which have pleiotropic effects resulting
55 in the reduction or almost complete abolition of ripening. These
56 probably represent lesions in ripening-regulatory genes. For
57 instance Cnr results in a non-ripening phenotype with two
58 distinct characteristics: (1) firm fruit with reduced
59 cell-to-cell adhesion and (2) complete abolition of carotenoid
60 biosynthesis in the pericarp (see Thompson et al. Plant
61 Physiology 120: 383-389, 1999: Orfila et al. Plant Physiology,
62 126: 210-221, 2001). We have used a genetic map-based approach to
63 isolate a candidate for the gene at the Cnr locus (T&ouml;r et
64 al, 104: 165-170; 2002; Manning et al, manuscript in preparation)
65 and want to understand its role in juiciness and colour
66 development.</p>
68 <p>In collaboration with Jim Giovannoni at Cornell we are
69 investigating whether strawberry orthologues of the tomato genes
70 RIN and NOR can modulate ripening in this non-climacteric fruit.
71 Mutant alleles of these genes have previously been used in
72 conventional breeding to enhance texture and shelf- life in
73 commercial tomato.</p>
75 <p>We are utilizing information from an advanced genetic
76 framework in the dry fruited Arabidopsis to unravel the control
77 of cell separation and softening in fleshy fruits. One of the
78 tomato genes, TDR4, is a likely orthologue of the Arabidopsis
79 gene FRUITFULL. In Arabidopsis this MADS-box gene is involved in
80 the control of valve cell differentiation (the cells
81 corresponding to the tomato pericarp). In ful mutants, valve
82 cells adopt the fate of dehiscence zone cells, which are normally
83 programmed to undergo cell separation when the fruit matures.
84 (Ferr&aacute;ndiz, Liljegren and Yanofsky, 2000. Science 289,
85 436-438). We are testing whether TDR4 can substitute for
86 FRUITFULL in Arabidopsis and investigating its role in tomato
87 fruit ripening.</p>
89 <p>Other projects on-going in the lab include the identification
90 and resolution of QTL for mechanical properties in tomato fruits
91 and isolation of novel mutants affecting fruit quality.</p>
93 <p>Additionally GBS is spearheading, in collaboration with Gerard
94 Bishop at Imperial College and Glenn Bryan at Scottish Crop
95 Research Institute, the UK Solanaceae Research Community
96 contribution to the International effort to sequence the tomato
97 genome.</p>
99 <p class="footnote"><img src="/static_content/community/feature/200409-2.jpg" border="0" width=
100 "645" height="445" alt="Fleshy fruits" /><br />
101 <b>Redrawn and modified from The Evolution of Plants and Flowers,
102 B. Thomas, Eurobook Ltd, Wallingford, UK</b></p>
104 <p>Fleshy fruits are likely to have evolved from dry forms. Have
105 genes controlling cell separation in ripening fruits been
106 conserved during evolution.</p>
108 <p class="footnote"><img src="/static_content/community/feature/200409-3.jpg" border="0" width=
109 "698" height="562" alt="Colourless non-ripening" /><br />
110 <b>Colourless non-ripening (Cnr)</b></p>
112 <p>Cnr fruits show a non-ripening phenotype with significant loss
113 of cell adhesion in the pericarp</p>
115 <h2>Contact Information</h2>
117 <p>Dr Graham B. Seymour<br />
118 Warwick HRI<br />
119 University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK.<br />
120 Tel: 44 24 7657 4455<br />
121 Fax 24 7657 4500<br />
122 <a href=
123 "mailto:graham.seymour\@warwick.ac.uk">graham.seymour\@warwick.ac.uk</a></p>
125 <h2>Selected Recent Publications</h2>
127 <p class="bibliography">Eriksson, E.M., Bovy, A., Manning, K.,
128 Harrison, L., Andrews, J., De Silva, J., Tucker, G.A. and
129 Seymour, G.B. (2004). Effects of the Colourless non-ripening
130 (Cnr) mutation on gene expression and cell wall biochemistry
131 during tomato fruit development and ripening. Plant Physiology
132 (submitted for publication).</p>
134 <p class="bibliography">Marin, C., Smith, D., Manning, K.,
135 Orchard, J. and Seymour, G.B. (2003). Pectate lyase gene
136 expression and enzyme activity in ripening banana fruit. Plant
137 Molecular Biology 51, 851-857.</p>
139 <p class="bibliography">Tor, M., Manning, K., King, G.J.,
140 Thompson, A.J., Jones, G.H., Seymour, G.B. and Armstrong, S. J.
141 (2002). Genetic analysis and FISH mapping of the Colourless
142 non-ripening locus of tomato. Theoretical and Applied Genetics
143 40, 165-170.</p>
145 <p class="bibliography">Fraser, P.D., Bramley, P. and Seymour,
146 G.B. (2001). Effect of the Cnr mutation on carotenoid formation
147 during tomato fruit ripening. Phytochemistry 58, 75-79.</p>
149 <p class="bibliography">King, G.J., Lynn, J.R., Dover, C.J.,
150 Evans, K.M. and Seymour, G.B. (2001). Resolution of quantitative
151 trait loci for mechanical measures accounting for genetic
152 variation in fruit texture of apple (Malus pumila Mill).
153 Theoretical and Applied Genetics 102, 1227-1235.</p>
155 <p class="bibliography">Orfila, C., Seymour, G.B., Willats,
156 W.G.T., Huxham, I.M., Jarvis, M.C., Dover, C.J., Thompson, A.J.
157 and Knox, J.P. (2001). Altered middle lamella homogalacturonan
158 and disrupted deposition of (1-5)-(-L- arabinan in the pericarp
159 of Cnr, a ripening mutant of tomato. Plant Physiology 126,
160 210-221.</p>
162 <p class="bibliography">Drury, R., Hortensteiner, S., Donnison,
163 I., Bird, C.R. and Seymour, G.B. (1999). Gene expression and
164 chlorophyll catabolism in the peel of ripening banana fruits.
165 Physiologia Plantarum 107, 32-38.</p>
167 <p class="bibliography">Huxham, I.M., Jarvis, M.C., Shakespeare,
168 L., Dover, C.J., Juhnson,D., Knox, J.P. and Seymour, G.B. (1999).
169 Electron energy loss spectroscopic imaging of calcium and
170 nitrogen in the cell walls of apple fruits. Planta 208,
171 438-443.</p>
173 <p class="bibliography">Thompson, A.J., Tor, M., Barry, C.S.,
174 Vrebalov, J., Orfila, C., Jarvis, M.C., GiovannoniI, J.J.,
175 Grierson, D. and Seymour, G.B. (1999). Molecular and genetic
176 characterisation of a novel pleiotropic tomato ripening mutant.
177 Plant Physiology 120, 383-389.</p>
178 END_HEREDOC
179 $page->footer();