8 Updated for ppp-2.4.5, Sep 08
13 The Linux PPP implementation includes both kernel and user-level
14 parts. This package contains the user-level part, which consists of
15 the PPP daemon (pppd) and associated utilities. In the past this
16 package has contained updated kernel drivers. This is no longer
17 necessary, as the current kernel sources contain up-to-date drivers
18 (and have done since the 2.4.x kernel series).
20 The Linux PPP implementation is capable of being used both for
21 initiating PPP connections (as a `client') or for handling incoming
22 PPP connections (as a `server'). Note that this is an operational
23 distinction, based on how the connection is created, rather than a
24 distinction that is made in the PPP protocols themselves.
26 Mostly this package is used for PPP connections over modems connected
27 via asynchronous serial ports, so this guide concentrates on this
30 The PPP protocol consists of two parts. One is a scheme for framing
31 and encoding packets, the other is a series of protocols called LCP,
32 IPCP, PAP and CHAP, for negotiating link options and for
33 authentication. This package similarly consists of two parts: a
34 kernel module which handles PPP's low-level framing protocol, and a
35 user-level program called pppd which implements PPP's negotiation
38 The kernel module assembles/disassembles PPP frames, handles error
39 detection, and forwards packets between the serial port and either the
40 kernel network code or the user-level program pppd. IP packets go
41 directly to the kernel network code. So once pppd has negotiated the
42 link, it in practice lies completely dormant until you want to take
43 the link down, when it negotiates a graceful disconnect.
51 Assuming you are running a recent 2.4 or 2.6 (or later) series kernel,
52 the kernel source code will contain an up-to-date kernel PPP driver.
53 If the PPP driver was included in your kernel configuration when your
54 kernel was built, then you only need to install the user-level
55 programs. Otherwise you will need to get the source tree for your
56 kernel version, configure it with PPP included, and recompile. Most
57 Linux distribution vendors ship kernels with PPP included in the
60 The PPP driver can be either compiled into the kernel or compiled as a
61 kernel module. If it is compiled into the kernel, the PPP driver is
62 included in the kernel image which is loaded at boot time. If it is
63 compiled as a module, the PPP driver is present in one or more files
64 under /lib/modules and is loaded into the kernel when needed.
66 The 2.2 series kernels contain an older version of the kernel PPP
67 driver, one which doesn't support multilink. If you want multilink,
68 you need to run a 2.4 or 2.6 series kernel. The kernel PPP driver
69 was completely rewritten for the 2.4 series kernels to support
70 multilink and to allow it to operate over diverse kinds of
71 communication medium (the 2.2 driver only operates over serial ports
72 and devices which look like serial ports, such as pseudo-ttys).
74 Under the 2.2 kernels, if PPP is compiled as a module, the PPP driver
75 modules should be present in the /lib/modules/`uname -r`/net directory
76 (where `uname -r` represents the kernel version number). The PPP
77 driver module itself is called ppp.o, and there will usually be
78 compression modules there, ppp_deflate.o and bsd_comp.o, as well as
79 slhc.o, which handles TCP/IP header compression. If the PPP driver is
80 compiled into the kernel, the compression code will still be compiled
81 as modules, for kernels before 2.2.17pre12. For 2.2.17pre12 and later,
82 if the PPP driver is compiled in, the compression code will also.
84 Under the 2.4 kernels, there are two PPP modules, ppp_generic.o and
85 ppp_async.o, plus the compression modules (ppp_deflate.o, bsd_comp.o
86 and slhc.o). If the PPP generic driver is compiled into the kernel,
87 the other four can then be present either as modules or compiled into
88 the kernel. There is a sixth module, ppp_synctty.o, which is used for
89 synchronous tty devices such as high-speed WAN adaptors.
92 2.2 User-level programs
94 If you obtained this package in .rpm or .deb format, you simply follow
95 the usual procedure for installing the package.
97 If you are using the .tar.gz form of this package, then cd into the
98 ppp-2.4.5 directory you obtained by unpacking the archive and issue
99 the following commands:
105 The `make install' has to be done as root. This makes and installs
106 four programs and their man pages: pppd, chat, pppstats and pppdump.
107 If the /etc/ppp configuration directory doesn't exist, the `make
108 install' step will create it and install some default configuration
112 2.3 System setup for 2.4 kernels
114 Under the 2.4 series kernels, pppd needs to be able to open /dev/ppp,
115 character device (108,0). If you are using udev (as most distributions
116 do), the /dev/ppp node should be created by udevd.
118 Otherwise you may need to create a /dev/ppp device node with the
121 # mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
125 2.4 System setup under 2.2 series kernels
127 Under the 2.2 series kernels, you should add the following to your
128 /etc/modules.conf or /etc/conf.modules:
130 alias tty-ldisc-3 ppp
131 alias ppp-compress-21 bsd_comp
132 alias ppp-compress-24 ppp_deflate
133 alias ppp-compress-26 ppp_deflate
136 3. Getting help with problems
137 -----------------------------
139 If you have problems with your PPP setup, or you just want to ask some
140 questions, or better yet if you can help others with their PPP
141 questions, then you should join the linux-ppp mailing list. Send an
142 email to majordomo@vger.kernel.org with a line in the body saying
146 To leave the mailing list, send an email to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
147 with a line in the body saying
149 unsubscribe linux-ppp
151 To send a message to the list, email it to linux-ppp@vger.kernel.org.
152 You don't have to be subscribed to send messages to the list.
154 You can also email me (paulus@samba.org) but I am overloaded with
155 email and I can't respond to most messages I get in a timely fashion.
157 There are also several relevant news groups, such as comp.protocols.ppp,
158 comp.os.linux.networking, or comp.os.linux.setup.
161 4. Configuring your dial-out PPP connections
162 --------------------------------------------
164 Some Linux distribution makers include tools in their distributions
165 for setting up PPP connections. For example, for Red Hat Linux and
166 derivatives, you should probably use linuxconf or netcfg to set up
167 your PPP connections.
169 The two main windowing environments for Linux, KDE and Gnome, both
170 come with GUI utilities for configuring and controlling PPP dial-out
171 connections. They are convenient and relatively easy to configure.
173 A third alternative is to use a PPP front-end package such as wvdial
174 or ezppp. These also will handle most of the details of talking to
175 the modem and setting up the PPP connection for you.
177 Assuming that you don't want to use any of these tools, you want to
178 set up the configuration manually yourself, then read on. This
179 document gives a brief description and example. More details can be
180 found by reading the pppd and chat man pages and the PPP-HOWTO.
182 We assume that you have a modem that uses the Hayes-compatible AT
183 command set connected to an async serial port (e.g. /dev/ttyS0) and
184 that you are dialling out to an ISP.
186 The trickiest and most variable part of setting up a dial-out PPP
187 connection is the part which involves getting the modem to dial and
188 then invoking PPP service at the far end. Generally, once both ends
189 are talking PPP the rest is relatively straightforward.
191 Now in fact pppd doesn't know anything about how to get modems to dial
192 or what you have to say to the system at the far end to get it to talk
193 PPP. That's handled by an external program such as chat, specified
194 with the connect option to pppd. Chat takes a series of strings to
195 expect from the modem interleaved with a series of strings to send to
196 the modem. See the chat man page for more information. Here is a
197 simple example for connecting to an ISP, assuming that the ISP's
198 system starts talking PPP as soon as it answers the phone:
200 pppd connect 'chat -v "" AT OK ATDT5551212 ~' \
201 /dev/ttyS0 57600 crtscts debug defaultroute
203 Going through pppd's options in order:
204 connect 'chat ...' This gives a command to run to contact the
205 PPP server. Here the supplied 'chat' program is used to dial a
206 remote computer. The whole command is enclosed in single quotes
207 because pppd expects a one-word argument for the 'connect' option.
208 The options to 'chat' itself are:
210 -v verbose mode; log what we do to syslog
211 "" don't wait for any prompt, but instead...
212 AT send the string "AT"
213 OK expect the response "OK", then
214 ATDT5551212 dial the modem, then
215 ~ wait for a ~ character, indicating the start
216 of a PPP frame from the server
218 /dev/ttyS0 specifies which serial port the modem is connected to
219 57600 specifies the baud rate to use
220 crtscts use hardware flow control using the RTS & CTS signals
221 debug log the PPP negotiation with syslog
222 defaultroute add default network route via the PPP link
224 Pppd will write error messages and debugging logs to the syslogd
225 daemon using the facility name "daemon". These messages may already
226 be logged to the console or to a file like /var/log/messages; consult
227 your /etc/syslog.conf file to see. If you want to make all pppd
228 messages go to a file such as /var/log/ppp-debug, add the line
230 daemon.* /var/log/ppp-debug
231 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
232 This is one or more tabs. Do not use spaces.
234 to syslog.conf; make sure to put one or more TAB characters (not
235 spaces!) between the two fields. Then you need to create an empty
236 /var/log/ppp-debug file with a command such as
238 touch /var/log/ppp-debug
240 and then restart syslogd, usually by sending it a SIGHUP signal with a
248 The main way to tell if your PPP link is up and operational is the
249 ifconfig ("interface configuration") command. Type
253 at a shell prompt. It should print a list of interfaces including one
256 ppp0 Link encap Point-to-Point Protocol
257 inet addr 192.76.32.3 P-t-P 129.67.1.165 Mask 255.255.255.0
258 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING MTU 1500 Metric 1
259 RX packets 33 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0
260 TX packets 42 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0
262 Assuming that ifconfig shows the ppp network interface, you can test
263 the link using the ping command like this:
265 /sbin/ping -c 3 129.67.1.165
267 where the address you give is the address shown as the P-t-P address
268 in the ifconfig output. If the link is operating correctly, you
269 should see output like this:
271 PING 129.67.1.165 (129.67.1.165): 56 data bytes
272 64 bytes from 129.67.1.165: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=268 ms
273 64 bytes from 129.67.1.165: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=247 ms
274 64 bytes from 129.67.1.165: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=266 ms
275 --- 129.67.1.165 ping statistics ---
276 3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
277 round-trip min/avg/max = 247/260/268 ms