1 This is intended to be a document to help new developers get started.
2 Existing developers should feel free to add their comments.
6 NE (Win16) executables consist of multiple segments. The Wine loader
7 loads each segment into a unique location in the Wine processes memory
8 and assigns a selector to that segment. Because of this, it's not
9 possible to exchange addresses freely between 16-bit and 32-bit code.
10 Addresses used by 16-bit code are segmented addresses (16:16), formed
11 by a 16-bit selector and a 16-bit offset. Those used by the Wine code
12 are regular 32-bit linear addresses.
14 There's three ways to obtain a segmented pointer:
15 - Allocate a block of memory from the global heap and use
16 WIN16_GlobalLock to get its segmented address.
17 - Allocate a block of memory from a local heap, and build the
18 segmented address from the local heap selector (see the
19 USER_HEAP_* macros for an example of this).
20 - Declare the argument as 'segptr' instead of 'ptr' in the spec file
21 for a given API function.
23 Once you have a segmented pointer, it must be converted to a linear
24 pointer before you can use it from 32-bit code. This can be done with
25 the PTR_SEG_TO_LIN() and PTR_SEG_OFF_TO_LIN() macros. The linear
26 pointer can then be used freely with standard Unix functions like
27 memcpy() etc. without worrying about 64k boundaries. Note: there's no
28 easy way to convert back from a linear to a segmented address.
30 In most cases, you don't need to worry about segmented address, as the
31 conversion is made automatically by the callback code and the API
32 functions only see linear addresses. However, in some cases it is
33 necessary to manipulate segmented addresses; the most frequent cases
35 - API functions that return a pointer
36 - lParam of Windows messages that point to a structure
37 - Pointers contained inside structures accessed by 16-bit code.
39 It is usually a good practice to used the type 'SEGPTR' for segmented
40 pointers, instead of something like 'LPSTR' or 'char *'. As SEGPTR is
41 defined as a DWORD, you'll get a compilation warning if you mistakenly
42 use it as a regular 32-bit pointer.
46 Because Win16 programs use a 16-bit stack and because they can only
47 call 16:16 addressed functions, all API entry points must be at low
48 address offsets and must have the arguments translated and moved to
49 Wines 32-bit stack. This task is handled by the code in the "if1632"
50 directory. To define a new API entry point handler you must place a
51 new entry in the appropriate API specification file. These files are
52 named *.spec. For example, the API specification file for the USER DLL
53 is contained in the file user.spec. These entries are processed by
54 the "build" program to create dll_*.s and dll_tab_*.c. The dll_*.s
55 files contain the entry point code for each API call, and the dll_tab_*.s
56 files contain tables used by relay.c to translate arguments and transfer
57 control to the proper handler. The format of the *.spec files is
58 documented in the file "tools/build-spec.txt".
62 To display a message only during debugging, you normally write something
69 You can write this shorter (and better) in this way:
71 dprintf_win(stddeb,"abc...");
73 All symbols of the form dprintf_xxxx are macros defined in include/debug.h .
74 The macro-definitions are generated by the shell-script tools/make_debug. It
75 scans the source code for symbols of this forms and puts the necessary
76 macro definitions in include/debug.h and include/stddebug.h . These macros
77 test for the symbol DEBUG_XXXX (e.g. dprintf_win refers to DEBUG_WIN) being
78 defined and thus decided whether to actually display the text. If you want
79 to enable specific types of messages, simply put the corresponding
80 #define DEBUG_XXXX in include/stddebug.h . If you want to enable or disable
81 a specific type of message in just one c-source-file, put the corresponding
82 #define DEBUG_XXXX or #undefine DEBUG_XXXX between #include<stddebug.h> and
83 #include <debug.h> in that specific file. In addition you can change the
84 types of displayed messages by supplying the "-debugmsg" option to Wine.
85 If your debugging code is more complex than just printf, you can use the
86 symbols debugging_XXX as well. These are true when XXX is enabled, either
87 permanent or in the command line. So instead of writing
90 DumpSomeStructure(&str);
94 if(debugging_win)DumpSomeStructure(&str);
95 Don't worry about the inefficiency of the test. If it is permanently
96 disabled (thus debugging_win is 0 at compile time), the compiler will
97 eliminate the dead code.
99 The file handle "stddeb" is intended for displaying standard informational
100 messages, whereas "stdnimp" is intended for displaying messages concerning
101 not yet implemented functions.
103 You have to start tools/make_debug only if you introduced a new macro,
104 e.g. dprintf_win32s - not if you just changed one of the #define
105 DEBUG_XXX's in include/stddebug.h or in a specific file.