2 * Host Side support for RNDIS Networking Links
3 * Copyright (C) 2005 by David Brownell
5 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
8 * (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
19 #include <linux/module.h>
20 #include <linux/init.h>
21 #include <linux/netdevice.h>
22 #include <linux/etherdevice.h>
23 #include <linux/ethtool.h>
24 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
25 #include <linux/slab.h>
26 #include <linux/mii.h>
27 #include <linux/usb.h>
28 #include <linux/usb/cdc.h>
29 #include <linux/usb/usbnet.h>
30 #include <linux/usb/rndis_host.h>
34 * RNDIS is NDIS remoted over USB. It's a MSFT variant of CDC ACM ... of
35 * course ACM was intended for modems, not Ethernet links! USB's standard
36 * for Ethernet links is "CDC Ethernet", which is significantly simpler.
38 * NOTE that Microsoft's "RNDIS 1.0" specification is incomplete. Issues
40 * - Power management in particular relies on information that's scattered
41 * through other documentation, and which is incomplete or incorrect even
43 * - There are various undocumented protocol requirements, such as the
44 * need to send unused garbage in control-OUT messages.
45 * - In some cases, MS-Windows will emit undocumented requests; this
46 * matters more to peripheral implementations than host ones.
48 * Moreover there's a no-open-specs variant of RNDIS called "ActiveSync".
50 * For these reasons and others, ** USE OF RNDIS IS STRONGLY DISCOURAGED ** in
51 * favor of such non-proprietary alternatives as CDC Ethernet or the newer (and
52 * currently rare) "Ethernet Emulation Model" (EEM).
56 * RNDIS notifications from device: command completion; "reverse"
59 void rndis_status(struct usbnet
*dev
, struct urb
*urb
)
61 netdev_dbg(dev
->net
, "rndis status urb, len %d stat %d\n",
62 urb
->actual_length
, urb
->status
);
63 // FIXME for keepalives, respond immediately (asynchronously)
64 // if not an RNDIS status, do like cdc_status(dev,urb) does
66 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rndis_status
);
69 * RNDIS indicate messages.
71 static void rndis_msg_indicate(struct usbnet
*dev
, struct rndis_indicate
*msg
,
74 struct cdc_state
*info
= (void *)&dev
->data
;
75 struct device
*udev
= &info
->control
->dev
;
77 if (dev
->driver_info
->indication
) {
78 dev
->driver_info
->indication(dev
, msg
, buflen
);
80 switch (msg
->status
) {
81 case RNDIS_STATUS_MEDIA_CONNECT
:
82 dev_info(udev
, "rndis media connect\n");
84 case RNDIS_STATUS_MEDIA_DISCONNECT
:
85 dev_info(udev
, "rndis media disconnect\n");
88 dev_info(udev
, "rndis indication: 0x%08x\n",
89 le32_to_cpu(msg
->status
));
95 * RPC done RNDIS-style. Caller guarantees:
96 * - message is properly byteswapped
97 * - there's no other request pending
98 * - buf can hold up to 1KB response (required by RNDIS spec)
99 * On return, the first few entries are already byteswapped.
101 * Call context is likely probe(), before interface name is known,
102 * which is why we won't try to use it in the diagnostics.
104 int rndis_command(struct usbnet
*dev
, struct rndis_msg_hdr
*buf
, int buflen
)
106 struct cdc_state
*info
= (void *) &dev
->data
;
107 struct usb_cdc_notification notification
;
113 u32 xid
= 0, msg_len
, request_id
;
115 /* REVISIT when this gets called from contexts other than probe() or
116 * disconnect(): either serialize, or dispatch responses on xid
119 /* Issue the request; xid is unique, don't bother byteswapping it */
120 if (likely(buf
->msg_type
!= RNDIS_MSG_HALT
&&
121 buf
->msg_type
!= RNDIS_MSG_RESET
)) {
125 buf
->request_id
= (__force __le32
) xid
;
127 master_ifnum
= info
->control
->cur_altsetting
->desc
.bInterfaceNumber
;
128 retval
= usb_control_msg(dev
->udev
,
129 usb_sndctrlpipe(dev
->udev
, 0),
130 USB_CDC_SEND_ENCAPSULATED_COMMAND
,
131 USB_TYPE_CLASS
| USB_RECIP_INTERFACE
,
133 buf
, le32_to_cpu(buf
->msg_len
),
134 RNDIS_CONTROL_TIMEOUT_MS
);
135 if (unlikely(retval
< 0 || xid
== 0))
138 /* Some devices don't respond on the control channel until
139 * polled on the status channel, so do that first. */
140 if (dev
->driver_info
->data
& RNDIS_DRIVER_DATA_POLL_STATUS
) {
141 retval
= usb_interrupt_msg(
143 usb_rcvintpipe(dev
->udev
,
144 dev
->status
->desc
.bEndpointAddress
),
145 ¬ification
, sizeof(notification
), &partial
,
146 RNDIS_CONTROL_TIMEOUT_MS
);
147 if (unlikely(retval
< 0))
151 /* Poll the control channel; the request probably completed immediately */
152 rsp
= buf
->msg_type
| RNDIS_MSG_COMPLETION
;
153 for (count
= 0; count
< 10; count
++) {
154 memset(buf
, 0, CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE
);
155 retval
= usb_control_msg(dev
->udev
,
156 usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev
->udev
, 0),
157 USB_CDC_GET_ENCAPSULATED_RESPONSE
,
158 USB_DIR_IN
| USB_TYPE_CLASS
| USB_RECIP_INTERFACE
,
161 RNDIS_CONTROL_TIMEOUT_MS
);
162 if (likely(retval
>= 8)) {
163 msg_len
= le32_to_cpu(buf
->msg_len
);
164 request_id
= (__force u32
) buf
->request_id
;
165 if (likely(buf
->msg_type
== rsp
)) {
166 if (likely(request_id
== xid
)) {
167 if (unlikely(rsp
== RNDIS_MSG_RESET_C
))
169 if (likely(RNDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS
172 dev_dbg(&info
->control
->dev
,
173 "rndis reply status %08x\n",
174 le32_to_cpu(buf
->status
));
177 dev_dbg(&info
->control
->dev
,
178 "rndis reply id %d expected %d\n",
180 /* then likely retry */
181 } else switch (buf
->msg_type
) {
182 case RNDIS_MSG_INDICATE
: /* fault/event */
183 rndis_msg_indicate(dev
, (void *)buf
, buflen
);
186 case RNDIS_MSG_KEEPALIVE
: { /* ping */
187 struct rndis_keepalive_c
*msg
= (void *)buf
;
189 msg
->msg_type
= RNDIS_MSG_KEEPALIVE_C
;
190 msg
->msg_len
= cpu_to_le32(sizeof *msg
);
191 msg
->status
= RNDIS_STATUS_SUCCESS
;
192 retval
= usb_control_msg(dev
->udev
,
193 usb_sndctrlpipe(dev
->udev
, 0),
194 USB_CDC_SEND_ENCAPSULATED_COMMAND
,
195 USB_TYPE_CLASS
| USB_RECIP_INTERFACE
,
198 RNDIS_CONTROL_TIMEOUT_MS
);
199 if (unlikely(retval
< 0))
200 dev_dbg(&info
->control
->dev
,
201 "rndis keepalive err %d\n",
206 dev_dbg(&info
->control
->dev
,
207 "unexpected rndis msg %08x len %d\n",
208 le32_to_cpu(buf
->msg_type
), msg_len
);
211 /* device probably issued a protocol stall; ignore */
212 dev_dbg(&info
->control
->dev
,
213 "rndis response error, code %d\n", retval
);
217 dev_dbg(&info
->control
->dev
, "rndis response timeout\n");
220 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rndis_command
);
225 * Performs a query for @oid along with 0 or more bytes of payload as
226 * specified by @in_len. If @reply_len is not set to -1 then the reply
227 * length is checked against this value, resulting in an error if it
230 * NOTE: Adding a payload exactly or greater than the size of the expected
231 * response payload is an evident requirement MSFT added for ActiveSync.
233 * The only exception is for OIDs that return a variably sized response,
234 * in which case no payload should be added. This undocumented (and
235 * nonsensical!) issue was found by sniffing protocol requests from the
236 * ActiveSync 4.1 Windows driver.
238 static int rndis_query(struct usbnet
*dev
, struct usb_interface
*intf
,
239 void *buf
, __le32 oid
, u32 in_len
,
240 void **reply
, int *reply_len
)
245 struct rndis_msg_hdr
*header
;
246 struct rndis_query
*get
;
247 struct rndis_query_c
*get_c
;
253 memset(u
.get
, 0, sizeof *u
.get
+ in_len
);
254 u
.get
->msg_type
= RNDIS_MSG_QUERY
;
255 u
.get
->msg_len
= cpu_to_le32(sizeof *u
.get
+ in_len
);
257 u
.get
->len
= cpu_to_le32(in_len
);
258 u
.get
->offset
= cpu_to_le32(20);
260 retval
= rndis_command(dev
, u
.header
, CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE
);
261 if (unlikely(retval
< 0)) {
262 dev_err(&intf
->dev
, "RNDIS_MSG_QUERY(0x%08x) failed, %d\n",
267 off
= le32_to_cpu(u
.get_c
->offset
);
268 len
= le32_to_cpu(u
.get_c
->len
);
269 if (unlikely((8 + off
+ len
) > CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE
))
272 if (*reply_len
!= -1 && len
!= *reply_len
)
275 *reply
= (unsigned char *) &u
.get_c
->request_id
+ off
;
281 dev_err(&intf
->dev
, "RNDIS_MSG_QUERY(0x%08x) "
282 "invalid response - off %d len %d\n",
287 /* same as usbnet_netdev_ops but MTU change not allowed */
288 static const struct net_device_ops rndis_netdev_ops
= {
289 .ndo_open
= usbnet_open
,
290 .ndo_stop
= usbnet_stop
,
291 .ndo_start_xmit
= usbnet_start_xmit
,
292 .ndo_tx_timeout
= usbnet_tx_timeout
,
293 .ndo_set_mac_address
= eth_mac_addr
,
294 .ndo_validate_addr
= eth_validate_addr
,
298 generic_rndis_bind(struct usbnet
*dev
, struct usb_interface
*intf
, int flags
)
301 struct net_device
*net
= dev
->net
;
302 struct cdc_state
*info
= (void *) &dev
->data
;
305 struct rndis_msg_hdr
*header
;
306 struct rndis_init
*init
;
307 struct rndis_init_c
*init_c
;
308 struct rndis_query
*get
;
309 struct rndis_query_c
*get_c
;
310 struct rndis_set
*set
;
311 struct rndis_set_c
*set_c
;
312 struct rndis_halt
*halt
;
315 __le32 phym_unspec
, *phym
;
319 /* we can't rely on i/o from stack working, or stack allocation */
320 u
.buf
= kmalloc(CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE
, GFP_KERNEL
);
323 retval
= usbnet_generic_cdc_bind(dev
, intf
);
327 u
.init
->msg_type
= RNDIS_MSG_INIT
;
328 u
.init
->msg_len
= cpu_to_le32(sizeof *u
.init
);
329 u
.init
->major_version
= cpu_to_le32(1);
330 u
.init
->minor_version
= cpu_to_le32(0);
332 /* max transfer (in spec) is 0x4000 at full speed, but for
333 * TX we'll stick to one Ethernet packet plus RNDIS framing.
334 * For RX we handle drivers that zero-pad to end-of-packet.
335 * Don't let userspace change these settings.
337 * NOTE: there still seems to be wierdness here, as if we need
338 * to do some more things to make sure WinCE targets accept this.
339 * They default to jumbograms of 8KB or 16KB, which is absurd
340 * for such low data rates and which is also more than Linux
341 * can usually expect to allocate for SKB data...
343 net
->hard_header_len
+= sizeof (struct rndis_data_hdr
);
344 dev
->hard_mtu
= net
->mtu
+ net
->hard_header_len
;
346 dev
->maxpacket
= usb_maxpacket(dev
->udev
, dev
->out
, 1);
347 if (dev
->maxpacket
== 0) {
348 netif_dbg(dev
, probe
, dev
->net
,
349 "dev->maxpacket can't be 0\n");
351 goto fail_and_release
;
354 dev
->rx_urb_size
= dev
->hard_mtu
+ (dev
->maxpacket
+ 1);
355 dev
->rx_urb_size
&= ~(dev
->maxpacket
- 1);
356 u
.init
->max_transfer_size
= cpu_to_le32(dev
->rx_urb_size
);
358 net
->netdev_ops
= &rndis_netdev_ops
;
360 retval
= rndis_command(dev
, u
.header
, CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE
);
361 if (unlikely(retval
< 0)) {
362 /* it might not even be an RNDIS device!! */
363 dev_err(&intf
->dev
, "RNDIS init failed, %d\n", retval
);
364 goto fail_and_release
;
366 tmp
= le32_to_cpu(u
.init_c
->max_transfer_size
);
367 if (tmp
< dev
->hard_mtu
) {
368 if (tmp
<= net
->hard_header_len
) {
370 "dev can't take %u byte packets (max %u)\n",
373 goto halt_fail_and_release
;
376 "dev can't take %u byte packets (max %u), "
377 "adjusting MTU to %u\n",
378 dev
->hard_mtu
, tmp
, tmp
- net
->hard_header_len
);
380 net
->mtu
= dev
->hard_mtu
- net
->hard_header_len
;
383 /* REVISIT: peripheral "alignment" request is ignored ... */
385 "hard mtu %u (%u from dev), rx buflen %Zu, align %d\n",
386 dev
->hard_mtu
, tmp
, dev
->rx_urb_size
,
387 1 << le32_to_cpu(u
.init_c
->packet_alignment
));
389 /* module has some device initialization code needs to be done right
390 * after RNDIS_INIT */
391 if (dev
->driver_info
->early_init
&&
392 dev
->driver_info
->early_init(dev
) != 0)
393 goto halt_fail_and_release
;
395 /* Check physical medium */
397 reply_len
= sizeof *phym
;
398 retval
= rndis_query(dev
, intf
, u
.buf
, OID_GEN_PHYSICAL_MEDIUM
,
399 0, (void **) &phym
, &reply_len
);
400 if (retval
!= 0 || !phym
) {
401 /* OID is optional so don't fail here. */
402 phym_unspec
= RNDIS_PHYSICAL_MEDIUM_UNSPECIFIED
;
405 if ((flags
& FLAG_RNDIS_PHYM_WIRELESS
) &&
406 *phym
!= RNDIS_PHYSICAL_MEDIUM_WIRELESS_LAN
) {
407 netif_dbg(dev
, probe
, dev
->net
,
408 "driver requires wireless physical medium, but device is not\n");
410 goto halt_fail_and_release
;
412 if ((flags
& FLAG_RNDIS_PHYM_NOT_WIRELESS
) &&
413 *phym
== RNDIS_PHYSICAL_MEDIUM_WIRELESS_LAN
) {
414 netif_dbg(dev
, probe
, dev
->net
,
415 "driver requires non-wireless physical medium, but device is wireless.\n");
417 goto halt_fail_and_release
;
420 /* Get designated host ethernet address */
421 reply_len
= ETH_ALEN
;
422 retval
= rndis_query(dev
, intf
, u
.buf
, OID_802_3_PERMANENT_ADDRESS
,
423 48, (void **) &bp
, &reply_len
);
424 if (unlikely(retval
< 0)) {
425 dev_err(&intf
->dev
, "rndis get ethaddr, %d\n", retval
);
426 goto halt_fail_and_release
;
428 memcpy(net
->dev_addr
, bp
, ETH_ALEN
);
429 memcpy(net
->perm_addr
, bp
, ETH_ALEN
);
431 /* set a nonzero filter to enable data transfers */
432 memset(u
.set
, 0, sizeof *u
.set
);
433 u
.set
->msg_type
= RNDIS_MSG_SET
;
434 u
.set
->msg_len
= cpu_to_le32(4 + sizeof *u
.set
);
435 u
.set
->oid
= OID_GEN_CURRENT_PACKET_FILTER
;
436 u
.set
->len
= cpu_to_le32(4);
437 u
.set
->offset
= cpu_to_le32((sizeof *u
.set
) - 8);
438 *(__le32
*)(u
.buf
+ sizeof *u
.set
) = RNDIS_DEFAULT_FILTER
;
440 retval
= rndis_command(dev
, u
.header
, CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE
);
441 if (unlikely(retval
< 0)) {
442 dev_err(&intf
->dev
, "rndis set packet filter, %d\n", retval
);
443 goto halt_fail_and_release
;
451 halt_fail_and_release
:
452 memset(u
.halt
, 0, sizeof *u
.halt
);
453 u
.halt
->msg_type
= RNDIS_MSG_HALT
;
454 u
.halt
->msg_len
= cpu_to_le32(sizeof *u
.halt
);
455 (void) rndis_command(dev
, (void *)u
.halt
, CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE
);
457 usb_set_intfdata(info
->data
, NULL
);
458 usb_driver_release_interface(driver_of(intf
), info
->data
);
464 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(generic_rndis_bind
);
466 static int rndis_bind(struct usbnet
*dev
, struct usb_interface
*intf
)
468 return generic_rndis_bind(dev
, intf
, FLAG_RNDIS_PHYM_NOT_WIRELESS
);
471 void rndis_unbind(struct usbnet
*dev
, struct usb_interface
*intf
)
473 struct rndis_halt
*halt
;
475 /* try to clear any rndis state/activity (no i/o from stack!) */
476 halt
= kzalloc(CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE
, GFP_KERNEL
);
478 halt
->msg_type
= RNDIS_MSG_HALT
;
479 halt
->msg_len
= cpu_to_le32(sizeof *halt
);
480 (void) rndis_command(dev
, (void *)halt
, CONTROL_BUFFER_SIZE
);
484 usbnet_cdc_unbind(dev
, intf
);
486 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rndis_unbind
);
489 * DATA -- host must not write zlps
491 int rndis_rx_fixup(struct usbnet
*dev
, struct sk_buff
*skb
)
493 /* peripheral may have batched packets to us... */
494 while (likely(skb
->len
)) {
495 struct rndis_data_hdr
*hdr
= (void *)skb
->data
;
496 struct sk_buff
*skb2
;
497 u32 msg_len
, data_offset
, data_len
;
499 msg_len
= le32_to_cpu(hdr
->msg_len
);
500 data_offset
= le32_to_cpu(hdr
->data_offset
);
501 data_len
= le32_to_cpu(hdr
->data_len
);
503 /* don't choke if we see oob, per-packet data, etc */
504 if (unlikely(hdr
->msg_type
!= RNDIS_MSG_PACKET
||
505 skb
->len
< msg_len
||
506 (data_offset
+ data_len
+ 8) > msg_len
)) {
507 dev
->net
->stats
.rx_frame_errors
++;
508 netdev_dbg(dev
->net
, "bad rndis message %d/%d/%d/%d, len %d\n",
509 le32_to_cpu(hdr
->msg_type
),
510 msg_len
, data_offset
, data_len
, skb
->len
);
513 skb_pull(skb
, 8 + data_offset
);
515 /* at most one packet left? */
516 if (likely((data_len
- skb
->len
) <= sizeof *hdr
)) {
517 skb_trim(skb
, data_len
);
521 /* try to return all the packets in the batch */
522 skb2
= skb_clone(skb
, GFP_ATOMIC
);
525 skb_pull(skb
, msg_len
- sizeof *hdr
);
526 skb_trim(skb2
, data_len
);
527 usbnet_skb_return(dev
, skb2
);
530 /* caller will usbnet_skb_return the remaining packet */
533 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rndis_rx_fixup
);
536 rndis_tx_fixup(struct usbnet
*dev
, struct sk_buff
*skb
, gfp_t flags
)
538 struct rndis_data_hdr
*hdr
;
539 struct sk_buff
*skb2
;
540 unsigned len
= skb
->len
;
542 if (likely(!skb_cloned(skb
))) {
543 int room
= skb_headroom(skb
);
545 /* enough head room as-is? */
546 if (unlikely((sizeof *hdr
) <= room
))
549 /* enough room, but needs to be readjusted? */
550 room
+= skb_tailroom(skb
);
551 if (likely((sizeof *hdr
) <= room
)) {
552 skb
->data
= memmove(skb
->head
+ sizeof *hdr
,
554 skb_set_tail_pointer(skb
, len
);
559 /* create a new skb, with the correct size (and tailpad) */
560 skb2
= skb_copy_expand(skb
, sizeof *hdr
, 1, flags
);
561 dev_kfree_skb_any(skb
);
566 /* fill out the RNDIS header. we won't bother trying to batch
567 * packets; Linux minimizes wasted bandwidth through tx queues.
570 hdr
= (void *) __skb_push(skb
, sizeof *hdr
);
571 memset(hdr
, 0, sizeof *hdr
);
572 hdr
->msg_type
= RNDIS_MSG_PACKET
;
573 hdr
->msg_len
= cpu_to_le32(skb
->len
);
574 hdr
->data_offset
= cpu_to_le32(sizeof(*hdr
) - 8);
575 hdr
->data_len
= cpu_to_le32(len
);
577 /* FIXME make the last packet always be short ... */
580 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rndis_tx_fixup
);
583 static const struct driver_info rndis_info
= {
584 .description
= "RNDIS device",
585 .flags
= FLAG_ETHER
| FLAG_POINTTOPOINT
| FLAG_FRAMING_RN
| FLAG_NO_SETINT
,
587 .unbind
= rndis_unbind
,
588 .status
= rndis_status
,
589 .rx_fixup
= rndis_rx_fixup
,
590 .tx_fixup
= rndis_tx_fixup
,
593 static const struct driver_info rndis_poll_status_info
= {
594 .description
= "RNDIS device (poll status before control)",
595 .flags
= FLAG_ETHER
| FLAG_POINTTOPOINT
| FLAG_FRAMING_RN
| FLAG_NO_SETINT
,
596 .data
= RNDIS_DRIVER_DATA_POLL_STATUS
,
598 .unbind
= rndis_unbind
,
599 .status
= rndis_status
,
600 .rx_fixup
= rndis_rx_fixup
,
601 .tx_fixup
= rndis_tx_fixup
,
604 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
606 static const struct usb_device_id products
[] = {
608 /* 2Wire HomePortal 1000SW */
609 USB_DEVICE_AND_INTERFACE_INFO(0x1630, 0x0042,
610 USB_CLASS_COMM
, 2 /* ACM */, 0x0ff),
611 .driver_info
= (unsigned long) &rndis_poll_status_info
,
613 /* RNDIS is MSFT's un-official variant of CDC ACM */
614 USB_INTERFACE_INFO(USB_CLASS_COMM
, 2 /* ACM */, 0x0ff),
615 .driver_info
= (unsigned long) &rndis_info
,
617 /* "ActiveSync" is an undocumented variant of RNDIS, used in WM5 */
618 USB_INTERFACE_INFO(USB_CLASS_MISC
, 1, 1),
619 .driver_info
= (unsigned long) &rndis_poll_status_info
,
621 /* RNDIS for tethering */
622 USB_INTERFACE_INFO(USB_CLASS_WIRELESS_CONTROLLER
, 1, 3),
623 .driver_info
= (unsigned long) &rndis_info
,
627 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb
, products
);
629 static struct usb_driver rndis_driver
= {
630 .name
= "rndis_host",
631 .id_table
= products
,
632 .probe
= usbnet_probe
,
633 .disconnect
= usbnet_disconnect
,
634 .suspend
= usbnet_suspend
,
635 .resume
= usbnet_resume
,
638 module_usb_driver(rndis_driver
);
640 MODULE_AUTHOR("David Brownell");
641 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("USB Host side RNDIS driver");
642 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");