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3 Version 2, June 1991
5 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675
6 Mass Ave, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
8 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
9 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
11 Preamble
12 ========
14 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
15 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
16 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
17 software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
18 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
19 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
20 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
21 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
22 your programs, too.
24 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
25 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
26 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
27 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
28 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in
29 new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
31 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
32 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
33 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
34 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
36 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
37 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
38 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
39 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
40 rights.
42 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
43 and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
44 distribute and/or modify the software.
46 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make
47 certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this
48 free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed
49 on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the
50 original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on
51 the original authors' reputations.
53 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
54 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
55 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
56 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
57 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
59 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
60 modification follow.
62 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
64 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
65 notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
66 under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program",
67 below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on
68 the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under
69 copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a
70 portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or
71 translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
72 included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each
73 licensee is addressed as "you".
75 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are
76 not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act
77 of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the
78 Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on
79 the Program (independent of having been made by running the
80 Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
82 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
83 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
84 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
85 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
86 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
87 warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of
88 this License along with the Program.
90 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
91 and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange
92 for a fee.
94 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
95 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
96 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
97 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
99 a. You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
100 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
102 b. You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that
103 in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program
104 or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge
105 to all third parties under the terms of this License.
107 c. If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
108 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
109 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display
110 an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and
111 a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you
112 provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the
113 program under these conditions, and telling the user how to
114 view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program
115 itself is interactive but does not normally print such an
116 announcement, your work based on the Program is not required
117 to print an announcement.)
119 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
120 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
121 Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate
122 works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not
123 apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate
124 works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a
125 whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of
126 the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions
127 for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each
128 and every part regardless of who wrote it.
130 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
131 contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the
132 intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
133 derivative or collective works based on the Program.
135 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
136 Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on
137 a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the
138 other work under the scope of this License.
140 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
141 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms
142 of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the
143 following:
145 a. Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
146 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
147 Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for
148 software interchange; or,
150 b. Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
151 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
152 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
153 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
154 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
155 medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
157 c. Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
158 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
159 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
160 received the program in object code or executable form with
161 such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
163 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
164 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete
165 source code means all the source code for all modules it contains,
166 plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts
167 used to control compilation and installation of the executable.
168 However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need
169 not include anything that is normally distributed (in either
170 source or binary form) with the major components (compiler,
171 kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable
172 runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.
174 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
175 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
176 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
177 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
178 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
180 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
181 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
182 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
183 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
184 License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
185 from you under this License will not have their licenses
186 terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
188 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
189 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify
190 or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions
191 are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.
192 Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
193 based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this
194 License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
195 distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
197 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
198 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
199 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program
200 subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any
201 further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights
202 granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance
203 by third parties to this License.
205 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
206 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent
207 issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,
208 agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
209 License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
210 License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously
211 your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
212 obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the
213 Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit
214 royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who
215 receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only
216 way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain
217 entirely from distribution of the Program.
219 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable
220 under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is
221 intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply
222 in other circumstances.
224 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
225 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of
226 any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting
227 the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
228 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
229 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
230 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
231 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is
232 willing to distribute software through any other system and a
233 licensee cannot impose that choice.
235 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
236 to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
238 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
239 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces,
240 the original copyright holder who places the Program under this
241 License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation
242 excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only
243 in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this
244 License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of
245 this License.
247 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
248 versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such
249 new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but
250 may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
252 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
253 Program specifies a version number of this License which applies
254 to it and "any later version", you have the option of following
255 the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later
256 version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program
257 does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
258 any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
260 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
261 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the
262 author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted
263 by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software
264 Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision
265 will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of
266 all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
267 and reuse of software generally.
269 NO WARRANTY
271 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
272 WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
273 LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
274 HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT
275 WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT
276 NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
277 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE
278 QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
279 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY
280 SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
282 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
283 WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
284 MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
285 LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
286 INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
287 INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
288 DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU
289 OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
290 OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
291 ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
293 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
295 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
296 =============================================
298 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
299 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
300 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
301 terms.
303 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is
304 safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most
305 effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have
306 at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is
307 found.
309 ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND AN IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
310 Copyright (C) 19YY NAME OF AUTHOR
312 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
313 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
314 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
315 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
317 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
318 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
319 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
320 GNU General Public License for more details.
322 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
323 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
324 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
326 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
327 mail.
329 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
330 this when it starts in an interactive mode:
332 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19YY NAME OF AUTHOR
333 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
334 type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
335 to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
336 for details.
338 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
339 appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
340 commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show
341 c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
342 program.
344 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
345 your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program,
346 if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
348 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
349 interest in the program `Gnomovision'
350 (which makes passes at compilers) written
351 by James Hacker.
353 SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989
354 Ty Coon, President of Vice
356 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
357 program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
358 library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
359 applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the
360 GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.