1 # OCaml {#sec-language-ocaml}
3 ## User guide {#sec-language-ocaml-user-guide}
5 OCaml libraries are available in attribute sets of the form `ocaml-ng.ocamlPackages_X_XX` where X is to be replaced with the desired compiler version. For example, ocamlgraph compiled with OCaml 4.12 can be found in `ocaml-ng.ocamlPackages_4_12.ocamlgraph`. The compiler itself is also located in this set, under the name `ocaml`.
7 If you don't care about the exact compiler version, `ocamlPackages` is a top-level alias pointing to a recent version of OCaml.
9 OCaml applications are usually available top-level, and not inside `ocamlPackages`. Notable exceptions are build tools that must be built with the same compiler version as the compiler you intend to use like `dune` or `ocaml-lsp`.
11 To open a shell able to build a typical OCaml project, put the dependencies in `buildInputs` and add `ocamlPackages.ocaml` and `ocamlPackages.findlib` to `nativeBuildInputs` at least.
15 pkgs = import <nixpkgs> {};
16 # choose the ocaml version you want to use
17 ocamlPackages = pkgs.ocaml-ng.ocamlPackages_4_12;
21 nativeBuildInputs = with ocamlPackages; [ ocaml findlib dune_2 ocaml-lsp ];
23 buildInputs = with ocamlPackages; [ ocamlgraph ];
27 ## Packaging guide {#sec-language-ocaml-packaging}
29 OCaml libraries should be installed in `$(out)/lib/ocaml/${ocaml.version}/site-lib/`. Such directories are automatically added to the `$OCAMLPATH` environment variable when building another package that depends on them or when opening a `nix-shell`.
31 Given that most of the OCaml ecosystem is now built with dune, nixpkgs includes a convenience build support function called `buildDunePackage` that will build an OCaml package using dune, OCaml and findlib and any additional dependencies provided as `buildInputs` or `propagatedBuildInputs`.
33 Here is a simple package example.
35 - It defines an (optional) attribute `minimalOCamlVersion` (see note below)
36 that will be used to throw a descriptive evaluation error if building with
37 an older OCaml is attempted.
39 - It uses the `fetchFromGitHub` fetcher to get its source.
41 - `duneVersion = "2"` ensures that Dune version 2 is used for the
42 build (this is the default; valid values are `"1"`, `"2"`, and `"3"`);
43 note that there is also a legacy `useDune2` boolean attribute:
44 set to `false` it corresponds to `duneVersion = "1"`; set to `true` it
45 corresponds to `duneVersion = "2"`. If both arguments (`duneVersion` and
46 `useDune2`) are given, the second one (`useDune2`) is silently ignored.
48 - It sets the optional `doCheck` attribute such that tests will be run with
49 `dune runtest -p angstrom` after the build (`dune build -p angstrom`) is
50 complete, but only if the Ocaml version is at at least `"4.05"`.
52 - It uses the package `ocaml-syntax-shims` as a build input, `alcotest` and
53 `ppx_let` as check inputs (because they are needed to run the tests), and
54 `bigstringaf` and `result` as propagated build inputs (thus they will also be
55 available to libraries depending on this library).
57 - The library will be installed using the `angstrom.install` file that dune
71 buildDunePackage rec {
76 minimalOCamlVersion = "4.04";
78 src = fetchFromGitHub {
79 owner = "inhabitedtype";
82 sha256 = "1hmrkdcdlkwy7rxhngf3cv3sa61cznnd9p5lmqhx20664gx2ibrh";
85 checkInputs = [ alcotest ppx_let ];
86 buildInputs = [ ocaml-syntax-shims ];
87 propagatedBuildInputs = [ bigstringaf result ];
88 doCheck = lib.versionAtLeast ocaml.version "4.05";
91 homepage = "https://github.com/inhabitedtype/angstrom";
92 description = "OCaml parser combinators built for speed and memory efficiency";
93 license = lib.licenses.bsd3;
94 maintainers = with lib.maintainers; [ sternenseemann ];
98 Here is a second example, this time using a source archive generated with `dune-release`. It is a good idea to use this archive when it is available as it will usually contain substituted variables such as a `%%VERSION%%` field. This library does not depend on any other OCaml library and no tests are run after building it.
101 { lib, fetchurl, buildDunePackage }:
103 buildDunePackage rec {
109 minimalOCamlVersion = "4.02";
112 url = "https://github.com/flowtype/ocaml-${pname}/releases/download/v${version}/${pname}-v${version}.tbz";
113 sha256 = "09ygcxxd5warkdzz17rgpidrd0pg14cy2svvnvy1hna080lzg7vp";
117 homepage = "https://github.com/flowtype/ocaml-wtf8";
118 description = "WTF-8 is a superset of UTF-8 that allows unpaired surrogates.";
119 license = licenses.mit;
120 maintainers = [ maintainers.eqyiel ];
125 Note about `minimalOCamlVersion`. A deprecated version of this argument was
126 spelled `minimumOCamlVersion`; setting the old attribute wrongly modifies the
127 derivation hash and is therefore inappropriate. As a technical dept, currently
128 packaged libraries may still use the old spelling: maintainers are invited to
129 fix this when updating packages. Massive renaming is strongly discouraged as it
130 would be challenging to review, difficult to test, and will cause unnecessary