3 [Bower](https://bower.io) is a package manager for web site front-end components. Bower packages (comprising of build artifacts and sometimes sources) are stored in `git` repositories, typically on Github. The package registry is run by the Bower team with package metadata coming from the `bower.json` file within each package.
5 The end result of running Bower is a `bower_components` directory which can be included in the web app's build process.
7 Bower can be run interactively, by installing `nodePackages.bower`. More interestingly, the Bower components can be declared in a Nix derivation, with the help of `bower2nix`.
9 ## bower2nix usage {#ssec-bower2nix-usage}
11 Suppose you have a `bower.json` with the following contents:
13 ### Example bower.json {#ex-bowerJson}
23 Running `bower2nix` will produce something like the following output:
26 { fetchbower, buildEnv }:
27 buildEnv { name = "bower-env"; ignoreCollisions = true; paths = [
28 (fetchbower "angular" "1.5.3" "~1.5.0" "1749xb0firxdra4rzadm4q9x90v6pzkbd7xmcyjk6qfza09ykk9y")
29 (fetchbower "bootstrap" "3.3.6" "~3.3.6" "1vvqlpbfcy0k5pncfjaiskj3y6scwifxygfqnw393sjfxiviwmbv")
30 (fetchbower "jquery" "2.2.2" "1.9.1 - 2" "10sp5h98sqwk90y4k6hbdviwqzvzwqf47r3r51pakch5ii2y7js1")
34 Using the `bower2nix` command line arguments, the output can be redirected to a file. A name like `bower-packages.nix` would be fine.
36 The resulting derivation is a union of all the downloaded Bower packages (and their dependencies). To use it, they still need to be linked together by Bower, which is where `buildBowerComponents` is useful.
38 ## buildBowerComponents function {#ssec-build-bower-components}
40 The function is implemented in [pkgs/development/bower-modules/generic/default.nix](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/development/bower-modules/generic/default.nix).
42 ### Example buildBowerComponents {#ex-buildBowerComponents}
46 bowerComponents = buildBowerComponents {
48 generated = ./bower-packages.nix; # note 1
49 src = myWebApp; # note 2
54 In ["buildBowerComponents" example](#ex-buildBowerComponents) the following arguments are of special significance to the function:
56 1. `generated` specifies the file which was created by {command}`bower2nix`.
57 2. `src` is your project's sources. It needs to contain a {file}`bower.json` file.
59 `buildBowerComponents` will run Bower to link together the output of `bower2nix`, resulting in a `bower_components` directory which can be used.
61 Here is an example of a web frontend build process using `gulp`. You might use `grunt`, or anything else.
63 ### Example build script (gulpfile.js) {#ex-bowerGulpFile}
66 var gulp = require('gulp');
68 gulp.task('default', [], function () {
72 gulp.task('build', [], function () {
73 console.log("Just a dummy gulp build");
75 .src(["./bower_components/**/*"])
76 .pipe(gulp.dest("./gulpdist/"));
80 ### Example Full example — default.nix {#ex-buildBowerComponentsDefaultNix}
83 { myWebApp ? { outPath = ./.; name = "myWebApp"; }
84 , pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {}
87 pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
88 name = "my-web-app-frontend";
91 buildInputs = [ pkgs.nodePackages.gulp ];
93 bowerComponents = pkgs.buildBowerComponents { # note 1
95 generated = ./bower-packages.nix;
100 cp --reflink=auto --no-preserve=mode -R $bowerComponents/bower_components . # note 2
101 export HOME=$PWD # note 3
102 ${pkgs.nodePackages.gulp}/bin/gulp build # note 4
105 installPhase = "mv gulpdist $out";
109 A few notes about [Full example — `default.nix`](#ex-buildBowerComponentsDefaultNix):
111 1. The result of `buildBowerComponents` is an input to the frontend build.
112 2. Whether to symlink or copy the {file}`bower_components` directory depends on the build tool in use.
113 In this case a copy is used to avoid {command}`gulp` silliness with permissions.
114 3. {command}`gulp` requires `HOME` to refer to a writeable directory.
115 4. The actual build command in this example is {command}`gulp`. Other tools could be used instead.
117 ## Troubleshooting {#ssec-bower2nix-troubleshooting}
119 ### ENOCACHE errors from buildBowerComponents {#enocache-errors-from-buildbowercomponents}
121 This means that Bower was looking for a package version which doesn't exist in the generated `bower-packages.nix`.
123 If `bower.json` has been updated, then run `bower2nix` again.
125 It could also be a bug in `bower2nix` or `fetchbower`. If possible, try reformulating the version specification in `bower.json`.