1 # Upgrading NixOS {#sec-upgrading}
3 The best way to keep your NixOS installation up to date is to use one of
4 the NixOS *channels*. A channel is a Nix mechanism for distributing Nix
5 expressions and associated binaries. The NixOS channels are updated
6 automatically from NixOS's Git repository after certain tests have
7 passed and all packages have been built. These channels are:
9 - *Stable channels*, such as [`nixos-22.11`](https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-22.05).
10 These only get conservative bug fixes and package upgrades. For
11 instance, a channel update may cause the Linux kernel on your system
12 to be upgraded from 4.19.34 to 4.19.38 (a minor bug fix), but not
13 from 4.19.x to 4.20.x (a major change that has the potential to break things).
14 Stable channels are generally maintained until the next stable
17 - The *unstable channel*, [`nixos-unstable`](https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable).
18 This corresponds to NixOS's main development branch, and may thus see
19 radical changes between channel updates. It's not recommended for
22 - *Small channels*, such as [`nixos-22.11-small`](https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-22.05-small)
23 or [`nixos-unstable-small`](https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable-small).
24 These are identical to the stable and unstable channels described above,
25 except that they contain fewer binary packages. This means they get updated
26 faster than the regular channels (for instance, when a critical security patch
27 is committed to NixOS's source tree), but may require more packages to be
28 built from source than usual. They're mostly intended for server environments
29 and as such contain few GUI applications.
31 To see what channels are available, go to <https://nixos.org/channels>.
32 (Note that the URIs of the various channels redirect to a directory that
33 contains the channel's latest version and includes ISO images and
34 VirtualBox appliances.) Please note that during the release process,
35 channels that are not yet released will be present here as well. See the
36 Getting NixOS page <https://nixos.org/nixos/download.html> to find the
37 newest supported stable release.
39 When you first install NixOS, you're automatically subscribed to the
40 NixOS channel that corresponds to your installation source. For
41 instance, if you installed from a 22.11 ISO, you will be subscribed to
42 the `nixos-22.11` channel. To see which NixOS channel you're subscribed
43 to, run the following as root:
46 # nix-channel --list | grep nixos
47 nixos https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable
50 To switch to a different NixOS channel, do
53 # nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/channel-name nixos
56 (Be sure to include the `nixos` parameter at the end.) For instance, to
57 use the NixOS 22.11 stable channel:
60 # nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-22.11 nixos
63 If you have a server, you may want to use the "small" channel instead:
66 # nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-22.11-small nixos
69 And if you want to live on the bleeding edge:
72 # nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos
75 You can then upgrade NixOS to the latest version in your chosen channel
79 # nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
82 which is equivalent to the more verbose `nix-channel --update nixos; nixos-rebuild switch`.
85 Channels are set per user. This means that running `nix-channel --add`
86 as a non root user (or without sudo) will not affect
87 configuration in `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix`
91 It is generally safe to switch back and forth between channels. The only
92 exception is that a newer NixOS may also have a newer Nix version, which
93 may involve an upgrade of Nix's database schema. This cannot be undone
94 easily, so in that case you will not be able to go back to your original
98 ## Automatic Upgrades {#sec-upgrading-automatic}
100 You can keep a NixOS system up-to-date automatically by adding the
101 following to `configuration.nix`:
104 system.autoUpgrade.enable = true;
105 system.autoUpgrade.allowReboot = true;
108 This enables a periodically executed systemd service named
109 `nixos-upgrade.service`. If the `allowReboot` option is `false`, it runs
110 `nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade` to upgrade NixOS to the latest version
111 in the current channel. (To see when the service runs, see `systemctl list-timers`.)
112 If `allowReboot` is `true`, then the system will automatically reboot if
113 the new generation contains a different kernel, initrd or kernel
114 modules. You can also specify a channel explicitly, e.g.
117 system.autoUpgrade.channel = https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-22.11;