1 # Building a NixOS (Live) ISO {#sec-building-image}
3 Default live installer configurations are available inside `nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd`.
4 For building other system images, see [Building Images with `nixos-rebuild build-image`](#sec-image-nixos-rebuild-build-image).
8 - Use any of those default configurations as is
9 - Combine them with (any of) your host config(s)
11 System images, such as the live installer ones, know how to enforce configuration settings
12 on which they immediately depend in order to work correctly.
14 However, if you are confident, you can opt to override those
15 enforced values with `mkForce`.
17 ## Practical Instructions {#sec-building-image-instructions}
19 To build an ISO image for the channel `nixos-unstable`:
22 $ git clone https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs.git
24 $ git switch nixos-unstable
25 $ nix-build -A config.system.build.isoImage -I nixos-config=modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-minimal.nix default.nix
28 To check the content of an ISO image, mount it like so:
31 # mount -o loop -t iso9660 ./result/iso/nixos-image-25.05pre-git-x86_64-linux.iso /mnt/iso
34 ## Additional drivers or firmware {#sec-building-image-drivers}
36 If you need additional (non-distributable) drivers or firmware in the
37 installer, you might want to extend these configurations.
39 For example, to build the GNOME graphical installer ISO, but with support for
40 certain WiFi adapters present in some MacBooks, you can create the following
41 file at `modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-graphical-gnome-macbook.nix`:
47 imports = [ ./installation-cd-graphical-gnome.nix ];
49 boot.initrd.kernelModules = [ "wl" ];
51 boot.kernelModules = [ "kvm-intel" "wl" ];
52 boot.extraModulePackages = [ config.boot.kernelPackages.broadcom_sta ];
56 Then build it like in the example above:
59 $ git clone https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs.git
61 $ export NIXPKGS_ALLOW_UNFREE=1
62 $ nix-build -A config.system.build.isoImage -I nixos-config=modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-graphical-gnome-macbook.nix default.nix
65 ## Technical Notes {#sec-building-image-tech-notes}
67 The config value enforcement is implemented via `mkImageMediaOverride = mkOverride 60;`
68 and therefore primes over simple value assignments, but also yields to `mkForce`.
70 This property allows image designers to implement in semantically correct ways those
71 configuration values upon which the correct functioning of the image depends.
73 For example, the iso base image overrides those file systems which it needs at a minimum
74 for correct functioning, while the installer base image overrides the entire file system
75 layout because there can't be any other guarantees on a live medium than those given
76 by the live medium itself. The latter is especially true before formatting the target
77 block device(s). On the other hand, the netboot iso only overrides its minimum dependencies
78 since netboot images are always made-to-target.