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4 <title
>PsN
:: Documentation
:: Bootstrap
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115 style
="position: absolute; left: 335px; top: 42px; width: 388px; height: 43px; z-index: 1; font-size: x-small;">
116 <div
class="style1" align
="right">the Bootstrap
</div
>
119 style
="position: absolute; left: 226px; top: 188px; width: 497px; height: 431px; z-index: 2;">
120 <div align
="justify">
122 include("bootstrap_synopsis.php");
123 include("bootstrap_description.php");
124 include("bootstrap_options.php");
125 include("bootstrap_examples.php");
128 <h3
class="heading1">Synopsis
</h3
>
129 <p
><tt
>$ bootstrap
[ -h |
-?
] [ --help
]<br
>
131 [ --sample_size
=integer ]<br
>
132 [ --samples
=integer ]<br
>
133 [ --stratify_on
='string' ]<br
>
134 [ --abort_on_fail
]<br
>
137 [ --cpu_time
=integer ]<br
>
139 [ --debug_package
='string' ]<br
>
140 [ --debug_subroutine
='string' ]<br
>
141 [ --directory
='string' ]<br
>
142 [ --extra_data_file
='string' ]<br
>
143 [ --extra_files
='string' ]<br
>
144 [ --grid_batch_size
=integer ]<br
>
145 [ --missing_data_token
='string' ]<br
>
146 [ --nm_directory
='string' ]<br
>
147 [ --nm_version
='string' ]<br
>
148 [ --outputfile
='string' ]<br
>
150 [ --remove_temp_files
]<br
>
151 [ --results_file
='string' ]<br
>
152 [ --retries
=integer ]<br
>
153 [ --run_on_nordugrid
]<br
>
154 [ --seed
='string' ]<br
>
155 [ --threads
=integer ]<br
>
156 [ --tweak_inits
]</tt
>
158 <h3
class="heading1">Description
</h3
>
160 The bootstrap can be used to calculate bias
, standard errors
and
161 confidence intervals
. It does so by resampling with replacement
162 from the data
, see Efron B
, An Introduction to the Bootstrap
,
163 Chap
. & Hall
, London UK
, 1993. To compute standard errors
for
164 all parameters of a model using the non
-parametric bootstrap
165 implemented here
, roughly
200 model fits are necessary
. To asses
166 95% confidence intervals approximately
2000 runs will suffice
.
168 <h3
class="heading1">Options
</h3
>
170 The options are given here in their long form
. Any option may be
171 abbreviated to any nonconflicting prefix
. The
<span
class="style2">-threads
</span
> option
172 may be abbreviated to
<span
class="style2">-t
</span
> (or even
<span
class="style2">-thr
</span
>) but
<span
class="style2">-debug
</span
> may not be
173 abbreviated to
<span
class="style2">-d
</span
> because it conflicts with
<span
class="style2">-debug_packages
</span
> and
174 <span
class="style2">-debug_subroutines
</span
>.
177 The following options are valid
:
179 <span
class="style2">-model
='filename'
183 The name of the model file
. May be specified with
or without the
190 The number of bootstrap samples
.
196 The number of subjects in each bootstrap data set
. The
default
197 value is set to the number of individuals in the original data
204 Using the
<span
class="style2">-bca
</span
>option
, the bootstrap utility will calculate the confidence intervals through the BCa method
. The
205 default approach however
, is not to
use the
BCa (see Efron B
, An introduction to
206 the Bootstrap
, 1993). The BCa is intended
for calculation
207 of second
-order correct confidence intervals
.
213 It may be necessary to
use stratification in the resampling
214 procedure
. For example
, if the original data consists of two
215 groups of patients
- say
10 patients with full pharmacokinetic
216 profiles
and 90 patients with sparse concentration
217 measurements
- it may be wise to restrict the resampling
218 procedure to resample within the two groups
, producing bootstrap
219 data sets that all contain
10 rich +
90 sparse data patients but
220 with different compositions
. The
default is not to
use
221 stratification
. Set stratify_on to the column that defines the
225 See the
<a href
="execute_docs.php">execute documentation
</a
> for a description of common options
.
228 <h3
class="heading1">Output
</h3
>
230 The Boostrap creates a log file
and a result file
. Both are by
default placed in the bootstrap_dirX directory
231 and are called boostraplog
.csv
and bootstrap
-results
.csv
.
234 <h3
class="heading1">Example
</h3
>
235 <p align
="justify" class="style2">$ bootstrap modelfile
.mod
-samples
=200</p
>
237 This will run a non
-parametric bootstrap of
200 samples
and give
238 you good estimates of the standard errors of the parameter
239 estimates
. You will get some estimates
for the confidence
240 intervals too
, but they will generally not be of high quality
.</p
>
242 $ bootstrap modelfile
.mod
-samples
=2000 -bca
244 <p
> This will run a non
-parametric bootstrap using the BCa technique
.</p
>
246 $ bootstrap modelfile
.mod
-samples
=2000 -bca
-stratify_on
=5
249 This is the same BCa approach
as above but with stratification
250 on the factors of column five
.</p
>
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