8 .. sectionauthor:: Jörg Lehmann <joergl@users.sourceforge.net>
12 contains the class ``canvas.clip`` which allows clipping of the output.
18 This is the basic class of the canvas module. Instances of this class collect
19 visual elements like paths, other canvases, TeX or LaTeX elements. A canvas may
20 also be embedded in another one using its ``insert`` method. This may be useful
21 when you want to apply a transformation on a whole set of operations.
23 .. class:: canvas(attrs=[], texrunner=None, ipython_bboxenlarge=1*unit.t_pt)
25 Construct a new canvas, applying the given *attrs*, which can be instances of
26 :class:`trafo.trafo`, :class:`canvas.clip`, :class:`style.strokestyle` or
27 :class:`style.fillstyle`. The *texrunner* argument can be used to specify the
28 texrunner instance used for the :meth:`text` method of the canvas. If not
29 specified, it defaults to *text.defaulttexrunner*. *ipython_bboxenlarge* defines
30 the `bboxenlarge` :class:`document.page` for IPython's `_repr_png_` and `_repr_svg_`.
32 Paths can be drawn on the canvas using one of the following methods:
35 .. method:: canvas.draw(path, attrs)
37 Draws *path* on the canvas applying the given *attrs*. Depending on the
38 *attrs* the path will be filled, stroked, ornamented, or a combination
39 thereof. For the common first two cases the following two convenience
40 functions are provided.
43 .. method:: canvas.fill(path, attrs=[])
45 Fills the given *path* on the canvas applying the given *attrs*.
48 .. method:: canvas.stroke(path, attrs=[])
50 Strokes the given *path* on the canvas applying the given *attrs*.
52 Arbitrary allowed elements like other :class:`canvas` instances can be inserted
56 .. method:: canvas.insert(item, attrs=[])
58 Inserts an instance of :class:`base.canvasitem` into the canvas. If *attrs* are
59 present, *item* is inserted into a new :class:`canvas` instance with *attrs*
60 as arguments passed to its constructor. Then this :class:`canvas` instance
61 is inserted itself into the canvas.
63 Text output on the canvas is possible using
66 .. method:: canvas.text(x, y, text, attrs=[])
68 Inserts *text* at position (*x*, *y*) into the canvas applying *attrs*. This is
69 a shortcut for ``insert(texrunner.text(x, y, text, attrs))``.
71 To group drawing operations, layers can be used:
74 .. method:: canvas.layer( name, above=None, below=None)
76 This method creates or gets a layer with name *name*.
78 A layer is a canvas itself and can be used to combine drawing operations for
79 ordering purposes, i.e., what is above and below each other. The layer name
80 *name* is a dotted string, where dots are used to form a hierarchy of layer
81 groups. When inserting a layer, it is put on top of its layer group except
82 when another layer instance of this group is specified by means of the
83 parameters *above* or *below*.
86 The :class:`canvas` class provides access to the total geometrical size of its
90 .. method:: canvas.bbox()
92 Returns the bounding box enclosing all elements of the canvas (see Sect. :mod:`bbox`).
94 A canvas also allows to set its TeX runner:
97 .. method:: canvas.settexrunner(texrunner)
99 Sets a new *texrunner* for the canvas.
101 The contents of the canvas can be written to a file using the following
102 convenience methods, which wrap the canvas into a single page document.
105 .. method:: canvas.writeEPSfile(file, **kwargs)
107 Writes the canvas to *file* using the EPS format. *file* either has to provide a
108 write method or it is used as a string containing the filename (the extension
109 ``.eps`` is appended automatically, if it is not present). This method
110 constructs a single page document, passing *kwargs* to the
111 :class:`document.page` constructor for all *kwargs* starting with ``page_``
112 (without this prefix) and calls the :meth:`writeEPSfile` method of this
113 :class:`document.document` instance passing the *file* and all *kwargs*
114 starting with ``write_`` (without this prefix).
117 .. method:: canvas.writePSfile(file, *args, **kwargs)
119 Similar to :meth:`writeEPSfile` but using the PS format.
122 .. method:: canvas.writePDFfile(file, *args, **kwargs)
124 Similar to :meth:`writeEPSfile` but using the PDF format.
127 .. method:: canvas.writeSVGfile(file, *args, **kwargs)
129 Similar to :meth:`writeEPSfile` but using the SVG format.
132 .. method:: canvas.writetofile(filename, *args, **kwargs)
134 Determine the file type (EPS, PS, PDF, or SVG) from the file extension of *filename*
135 and call the corresponding write method with the given arguments *arg* and
139 .. method:: canvas.pipeGS(device, resolution=100, gscmd="gs", gsoptions=[], textalphabits=4, graphicsalphabits=4, ciecolor=False, input="eps", **kwargs)
141 This method pipes the content of a canvas to the ghostscript interpreter
142 to generate other output formats. The output is returned by means of a
143 python BytesIO object. *device* specifies a ghostscript output device by
144 a string. Depending on the ghostscript configuration ``"png16"``,
145 ``"png16m"``, ``"png256"``, ``"png48"``, ``"pngalpha"``, ``"pnggray"``,
146 ``"pngmono"``, ``"jpeg"``, and ``"jpeggray"`` might be available among
147 others. See the output of ``gs --help`` and the ghostscript documentation
148 for more information.
150 *resolution* specifies the resolution in dpi (dots per inch). *gs* is the
151 name of the ghostscript executable. *gsoptions* is a list of additional
152 options passed to the ghostscript interpreter. *textalphabits* and
153 *graphicsalphabits* are convenient parameters to set the ``TextAlphaBits``
154 and ``GraphicsAlphaBits`` options of ghostscript. The addition of these
155 options can be skipped by setting their values to ``None``. *ciecolor* adds
156 the ``-dUseCIEColor`` flag to improve the CMYK to RGB color conversion.
157 *input* can be either ``"eps"`` or ``"pdf"`` to select the input type to be
158 passed to ghostscript (note slightly different features available in the
159 different input types regarding e.g. :mod:`epsfile` inclusion and
162 *kwargs* are passed to the :meth:`writeEPSfile` method (not counting the *file*
163 parameter), which is used to generate the input for ghostscript. By that you
164 gain access to the :class:`document.page` constructor arguments.
166 .. method:: canvas.writeGSfile(filename=None, device=None, **kwargs)
168 This method is similar to pipeGS, but the content is written into the file
169 *filename*. If filename is None it is auto-guessed from the script name. If
170 filename is "-", the output is written to stdout. In both cases, a device
171 needs to be specified to define the format (and the file suffix in case the
172 filename is created from the script name).
174 If device is None, but a filename with suffix is given, PNG files will
175 be written using the png16m device and JPG files using the jpeg device.
177 All other arguments are identical to those of the :meth:`canvas.pipeGS`.
179 For more information about the possible arguments of the :class:`document.page`
180 constructor, we refer to Sect. :mod:`document`.
184 ---------------------
186 In addition the canvas module contains the class ``canvas.clip`` which allows for
187 clipping of the output by passing a clipping instance to the attrs parameter of
188 the canvas constructor.