2 README.tropical_cyclone
3 Last updated: 25 March 2011
7 Description: This README file provides a short user's guide to the
8 idealized tropical cyclone test case. The initial conditions for this
9 case are generated by running ideal.exe. The initial state is
10 motionless (u = v = 0) and horizontally homogeneous, except an analytic
11 axisymmetric vortex in hydrostatic and gradient-wind balance is added.
12 The initial sea-surface temperature (SST) is constant. An f-plane is
13 assumed. The lateral boundary conditions are periodic. All of these
14 assumptions can be relaxed/modified should users decide to run something
19 Default environment: the initial horizontally homogeneous environment is
20 specified via the "input_sounding" file (as in several other test cases).
21 The default file uses the Jordan mean hurricane sounding. An f-plane
22 is assumed by default with f = 5.0e-5 (20 degrees north). The default
25 Reference: Jordan, C L., 1958: Mean soundings for the West Indies area.
26 J. Meteorology, 15, 91-97.
30 Default vortex: a broad, weak, axisymmetric vortex is specified using an
31 analytic equation from Rotunno and Emanuel (1987). This vortex is placed
32 in the middle of the domain. It is in hydrostatic and gradient-wind
33 balance, with the maximum winds at the lowest model level. Users can
34 change the initial vortex by modifying the parameters r0, rmax, vmax, and/or
35 zdd in the "module_initialize_tropical_cyclone.F" file, which is located
36 in the "dyn_em" directory.
38 Reference: Rotunno, R., and K. A. Emanuel, 1987: An air-sea interaction
39 theory for tropical cyclones. Part II. Evolutionary study using a
40 nonhydrostatic axisymmetric numerical model. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 542-561.
44 Default physics: Users should be able to use any physics schemes for this
45 test case, although only a few have been tested so far. The default settings
48 - For simplicity, the Kessler (liquid-only) microphysics scheme is used.
50 - By default, a capped Newtonian relaxation scheme is used on potential
51 temperature (Rotunno and Emanuel 1987) which is a crude approximation
52 for longwave radiation. This scheme is useful for some idealized studies
53 of maximum tropical cyclone intensity. (rad_nudge = 1)
55 CAUTION: if you are going to use a real atmospheric radiation scheme,
56 you should turn this option OFF. (rad_nudge = 0)
58 - The YSU PBL scheme and Monin-Obukhov surface-layer scheme are used by
61 - The alternative Ck/Cd formulations for tropical cyclones are "on" by
64 - The ocean mixed layer scheme is off by default, and hence SST remains
69 Other settings: the default values of f (Coriolis parameter) and sst (sea-
70 surface temp.) may be changed in the "module_initialize_tropical_cyclone.F"
71 file, which is located in the "dyn_em" directory.
73 The default domain size is 3000 km x 3000 km x 25 km, which is the three-
74 dimensional equivalent of the Rotunno-Emanuel (1987) setup. Horizontal
75 grid spacing is 15 km, and vertical grid spacing is 1.25 km, also following
76 Rotunno and Emanuel (1987). This resolution is very coarse; these
77 settings were chosen for defaults so the test case can finish quickly, but
78 they are probably not appropriate for research-quality work.