bfd/mmo.c

   1 /* BFD back-end for mmo objects (MMIX-specific object-format).
   2    Copyright (C) 2001-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   3    Written by Hans-Peter Nilsson (hp@bitrange.com).
   4    Infrastructure and other bits originally copied from srec.c and
   5    binary.c.
   6
   7    This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library.
   8
   9    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  10    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  11    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
  12    (at your option) any later version.
  13
  14    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  15    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  16    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  17    GNU General Public License for more details.
  18
  19    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  20    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  21    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston,
  22    MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
  23
  24
  25 /*
  26 SECTION
  27         mmo backend
  28
  29         The mmo object format is used exclusively together with Professor
  30         Donald E.@: Knuth's educational 64-bit processor MMIX.  The simulator
  31         @command{mmix} which is available at
  32         @url{http://mmix.cs.hm.edu/src/index.html}
  33         understands this format.  That package also includes a combined
  34         assembler and linker called @command{mmixal}.  The mmo format has
  35         no advantages feature-wise compared to e.g. ELF.  It is a simple
  36         non-relocatable object format with no support for archives or
  37         debugging information, except for symbol value information and
  38         line numbers (which is not yet implemented in BFD).  See
  39         @url{http://mmix.cs.hm.edu/} for more
  40         information about MMIX.  The ELF format is used for intermediate
  41         object files in the BFD implementation.
  42
  43 @c We want to xref the symbol table node.  A feature in "chew"
  44 @c requires that "commands" do not contain spaces in the
  45 @c arguments.  Hence the hyphen in "Symbol-table".
  46 @menu
  47 @* File layout::
  48 @* Symbol-table::
  49 @* mmo section mapping::
  50 @end menu
  51
  52 INODE
  53 File layout, Symbol-table, mmo, mmo
  54 SUBSECTION
  55         File layout
  56
  57         The mmo file contents is not partitioned into named sections as
  58         with e.g.@: ELF.  Memory areas is formed by specifying the
  59         location of the data that follows.  Only the memory area
  60         @samp{0x0000@dots{}00} to @samp{0x01ff@dots{}ff} is executable, so
  61         it is used for code (and constants) and the area
  62         @samp{0x2000@dots{}00} to @samp{0x20ff@dots{}ff} is used for
  63         writable data.  @xref{mmo section mapping}.
  64
  65         There is provision for specifying ``special data'' of 65536
  66         different types.  We use type 80 (decimal), arbitrarily chosen the
  67         same as the ELF <<e_machine>> number for MMIX, filling it with
  68         section information normally found in ELF objects. @xref{mmo
  69         section mapping}.
  70
  71         Contents is entered as 32-bit words, xor:ed over previous
  72         contents, always zero-initialized.  A word that starts with the
  73         byte @samp{0x98} forms a command called a @samp{lopcode}, where
  74         the next byte distinguished between the thirteen lopcodes.  The
  75         two remaining bytes, called the @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} fields, or
  76         the @samp{YZ} field (a 16-bit big-endian number), are used for
  77         various purposes different for each lopcode.  As documented in
  78         @url{http://mmix.cs.hm.edu/doc/mmixal.pdf},
  79         the lopcodes are:
  80
  81         @table @code
  82         @item lop_quote
  83         0x98000001.  The next word is contents, regardless of whether it
  84         starts with 0x98 or not.
  85
  86         @item lop_loc
  87         0x9801YYZZ, where @samp{Z} is 1 or 2.  This is a location
  88         directive, setting the location for the next data to the next
  89         32-bit word (for @math{Z = 1}) or 64-bit word (for @math{Z = 2}),
  90         plus @math{Y * 2^56}.  Normally @samp{Y} is 0 for the text segment
  91         and 2 for the data segment.  Beware that the low bits of non-
  92         tetrabyte-aligned values are silently discarded when being
  93         automatically incremented and when storing contents (in contrast
  94         to e.g. its use as current location when followed by lop_fixo
  95         et al before the next possibly-quoted tetrabyte contents).
  96
  97         @item lop_skip
  98         0x9802YYZZ.  Increase the current location by @samp{YZ} bytes.
  99
 100         @item lop_fixo
 101         0x9803YYZZ, where @samp{Z} is 1 or 2.  Store the current location
 102         as 64 bits into the location pointed to by the next 32-bit
 103         (@math{Z = 1}) or 64-bit (@math{Z = 2}) word, plus @math{Y *
 104         2^56}.
 105
 106         @item lop_fixr
 107         0x9804YYZZ.  @samp{YZ} is stored into the current location plus
 108         @math{2 - 4 * YZ}.
 109
 110         @item lop_fixrx
 111         0x980500ZZ.  @samp{Z} is 16 or 24.  A value @samp{L} derived from
 112         the following 32-bit word are used in a manner similar to
 113         @samp{YZ} in lop_fixr: it is xor:ed into the current location
 114         minus @math{4 * L}.  The first byte of the word is 0 or 1.  If it
 115         is 1, then @math{L = (@var{lowest 24 bits of word}) - 2^Z}, if 0,
 116         then @math{L = (@var{lowest 24 bits of word})}.
 117
 118         @item lop_file
 119         0x9806YYZZ.  @samp{Y} is the file number, @samp{Z} is count of
 120         32-bit words.  Set the file number to @samp{Y} and the line
 121         counter to 0.  The next @math{Z * 4} bytes contain the file name,
 122         padded with zeros if the count is not a multiple of four.  The
 123         same @samp{Y} may occur multiple times, but @samp{Z} must be 0 for
 124         all but the first occurrence.
 125
 126         @item lop_line
 127         0x9807YYZZ.  @samp{YZ} is the line number.  Together with
 128         lop_file, it forms the source location for the next 32-bit word.
 129         Note that for each non-lopcode 32-bit word, line numbers are
 130         assumed incremented by one.
 131
 132         @item lop_spec
 133         0x9808YYZZ.  @samp{YZ} is the type number.  Data until the next
 134         lopcode other than lop_quote forms special data of type @samp{YZ}.
 135         @xref{mmo section mapping}.
 136
 137         Other types than 80, (or type 80 with a content that does not
 138         parse) is stored in sections named <<.MMIX.spec_data.@var{n}>>
 139         where @var{n} is the @samp{YZ}-type.  The flags for such a
 140         sections say not to allocate or load the data.  The vma is 0.
 141         Contents of multiple occurrences of special data @var{n} is
 142         concatenated to the data of the previous lop_spec @var{n}s.  The
 143         location in data or code at which the lop_spec occurred is lost.
 144
 145         @item lop_pre
 146         0x980901ZZ.  The first lopcode in a file.  The @samp{Z} field forms the
 147         length of header information in 32-bit words, where the first word
 148         tells the time in seconds since @samp{00:00:00 GMT Jan 1 1970}.
 149
 150         @item lop_post
 151         0x980a00ZZ.  @math{Z > 32}.  This lopcode follows after all
 152         content-generating lopcodes in a program.  The @samp{Z} field
 153         denotes the value of @samp{rG} at the beginning of the program.
 154         The following @math{256 - Z} big-endian 64-bit words are loaded
 155         into global registers @samp{$G} @dots{} @samp{$255}.
 156
 157         @item lop_stab
 158         0x980b0000.  The next-to-last lopcode in a program.  Must follow
 159         immediately after the lop_post lopcode and its data.  After this
 160         lopcode follows all symbols in a compressed format
 161         (@pxref{Symbol-table}).
 162
 163         @item lop_end
 164         0x980cYYZZ.  The last lopcode in a program.  It must follow the
 165         lop_stab lopcode and its data.  The @samp{YZ} field contains the
 166         number of 32-bit words of symbol table information after the
 167         preceding lop_stab lopcode.
 168         @end table
 169
 170         Note that the lopcode "fixups"; <<lop_fixr>>, <<lop_fixrx>> and
 171         <<lop_fixo>> are not generated by BFD, but are handled.  They are
 172         generated by <<mmixal>>.
 173
 174 EXAMPLE
 175         This trivial one-label, one-instruction file:
 176
 177 | :Main TRAP 1,2,3
 178
 179         can be represented this way in mmo:
 180
 181 | 0x98090101 - lop_pre, one 32-bit word with timestamp.
 182 | <timestamp>
 183 | 0x98010002 - lop_loc, text segment, using a 64-bit address.
 184 |              Note that mmixal does not emit this for the file above.
 185 | 0x00000000 - Address, high 32 bits.
 186 | 0x00000000 - Address, low 32 bits.
 187 | 0x98060002 - lop_file, 2 32-bit words for file-name.
 188 | 0x74657374 - "test"
 189 | 0x2e730000 - ".s\0\0"
 190 | 0x98070001 - lop_line, line 1.
 191 | 0x00010203 - TRAP 1,2,3
 192 | 0x980a00ff - lop_post, setting $255 to 0.
 193 | 0x00000000
 194 | 0x00000000
 195 | 0x980b0000 - lop_stab for ":Main" = 0, serial 1.
 196 | 0x203a4040   @xref{Symbol-table}.
 197 | 0x10404020
 198 | 0x4d206120
 199 | 0x69016e00
 200 | 0x81000000
 201 | 0x980c0005 - lop_end; symbol table contained five 32-bit words.  */
 202
 203 #include "sysdep.h"
 204 #include "bfd.h"
 205 #include "libbfd.h"
 206 #include "libiberty.h"
 207 #include "elf/mmix.h"
 208 #include "opcode/mmix.h"
 209
 210 #define LOP 0x98
 211 #define LOP_QUOTE 0
 212 #define LOP_LOC 1
 213 #define LOP_SKIP 2
 214 #define LOP_FIXO 3
 215 #define LOP_FIXR 4
 216 #define LOP_FIXRX 5
 217 #define LOP_FILE 6
 218 #define LOP_LINE 7
 219 #define LOP_SPEC 8
 220 #define LOP_PRE 9
 221 #define LOP_POST 10
 222 #define LOP_STAB 11
 223 #define LOP_END 12
 224
 225 #define LOP_QUOTE_NEXT ((LOP << 24) | (LOP_QUOTE << 16) | 1)
 226 #define SPEC_DATA_SECTION 80
 227 #define LOP_SPEC_SECTION \
 228  ((LOP << 24) | (LOP_SPEC << 16) | SPEC_DATA_SECTION)
 229
 230 /* Must be a power of two.  If you change this to be >= 64k, you need a
 231    new test-case; the ld test b-loc64k.d touches chunk-size problem areas.  */
 232 #define MMO_SEC_CONTENTS_CHUNK_SIZE (1 << 15)
 233
 234 /* An arbitrary number for the maximum length section name size.  */
 235 #define MAX_SECTION_NAME_SIZE (1024 * 1024)
 236
 237 /* A quite arbitrary number for the maximum length section size.  */
 238 #define MAX_ARTIFICIAL_SECTION_SIZE (1024 * 1024 * 1024)
 239
 240 #define MMO3_WCHAR 0x80
 241 #define MMO3_LEFT 0x40
 242 #define MMO3_MIDDLE 0x20
 243 #define MMO3_RIGHT 0x10
 244 #define MMO3_TYPEBITS 0xf
 245 #define MMO3_REGQUAL_BITS 0xf
 246 #define MMO3_UNDEF 2
 247 #define MMO3_DATA 8
 248 #define MMO3_SYMBITS 0x2f
 249
 250 /* Put these everywhere in new code.  */
 251 #define FATAL_DEBUG                                             \
 252  _bfd_abort (__FILE__, __LINE__,                                \
 253              "Internal: Non-debugged code (test-case missing)")
 254
 255 #define BAD_CASE(x)                             \
 256  _bfd_abort (__FILE__, __LINE__,                \
 257              "bad case for " #x)
 258
 259 enum mmo_sym_type { mmo_reg_sym, mmo_undef_sym, mmo_data_sym, mmo_abs_sym};
 260
 261 /* When scanning the mmo file, a linked list of mmo_symbol
 262    structures is built to represent the symbol table (if there is
 263    one).  */
 264
 265 struct mmo_symbol
 266   {
 267     struct mmo_symbol *next;
 268     char *name;
 269     bfd_vma value;
 270     enum mmo_sym_type sym_type;
 271     unsigned int serno;
 272   };
 273
 274 struct mmo_data_list_struct
 275   {
 276     struct mmo_data_list_struct *next;
 277     bfd_vma where;
 278     bfd_size_type size;
 279     bfd_size_type allocated_size;
 280     bfd_byte data[1];
 281   };
 282
 283 typedef struct mmo_data_list_struct mmo_data_list_type;
 284
 285 struct mmo_symbol_trie
 286   {
 287     struct mmo_symbol_trie *left;
 288     struct mmo_symbol_trie *right;
 289     struct mmo_symbol_trie *middle;
 290
 291     bfd_byte symchar;
 292
 293     /* A zero name means there's nothing here.  */
 294     struct mmo_symbol sym;
 295   };
 296
 297 /* The mmo tdata information.  */
 298
 299 struct mmo_data_struct
 300   {
 301     struct mmo_symbol *symbols;
 302     struct mmo_symbol *symtail;
 303     asymbol *csymbols;
 304
 305     /* File representation of time (NULL) when this file was created.  */
 306     bfd_byte created[4];
 307
 308     /* When we're reading bytes recursively, check this occasionally.
 309        Also holds write errors.  */
 310     bfd_boolean have_error;
 311
 312     /* Max symbol length that may appear in the lop_stab table.  Note that
 313        this table might just hold a subset of symbols for not-really large
 314        programs, as it can only be 65536 * 4 bytes large.  */
 315     int max_symbol_length;
 316
 317     /* Here's the symbol we build in lop_stab.  */
 318     char *lop_stab_symbol;
 319
 320     /* Index into lop_stab_symbol for the next character when parsing the
 321        symbol information.  */
 322     int symbol_position;
 323
 324     /* When creating arbitrary sections, we need to count section numbers.  */
 325     int sec_no;
 326
 327     /* When writing or reading byte-wise, we need to count the bytes
 328        within a 32-bit word.  */
 329     int byte_no;
 330
 331     /* We also need a buffer to hold the bytes we count reading or writing.  */
 332     bfd_byte buf[4];
 333
 334     /* Whether we've calculated symbol consistency requirement yet.  We do this
 335        when-needed, which must be at some time after all section
 336        contents is known.  */
 337     bfd_boolean symbol_consistency_override_calculated;
 338
 339     /* Whether to consistency-check symbol values, in particular "Main".  */
 340     bfd_boolean ignore_symbol_consistency;
 341   };
 342
 343 typedef struct mmo_data_struct tdata_type;
 344
 345 struct mmo_section_data_struct
 346   {
 347     mmo_data_list_type *head;
 348     mmo_data_list_type *tail;
 349   };
 350
 351 #define mmo_section_data(sec) \
 352   ((struct mmo_section_data_struct *) (sec)->used_by_bfd)
 353
 354 /* These structures are used in bfd_map_over_sections constructs.  */
 355
 356 /* Used when writing out sections; all but the register contents section
 357    which is stored in reg_section.  */
 358 struct mmo_write_sec_info
 359   {
 360     asection *reg_section;
 361     bfd_boolean retval;
 362   };
 363
 364 /* Used when trying to find a section corresponding to addr.  */
 365 struct mmo_find_sec_info
 366   {
 367     asection *sec;
 368     bfd_vma addr;
 369   };
 370
 371 static bfd_boolean mmo_bfd_copy_private_bfd_data (bfd *, bfd *);
 372 static void mmo_write_section_unless_reg_contents (bfd *, asection *, void *);
 373 static void mmo_find_sec_w_addr (bfd *, asection *, void *);
 374 static void mmo_find_sec_w_addr_grow (bfd *, asection *, void *);
 375 static asection *mmo_make_section (bfd *, const char *);
 376 static void mmo_get_symbol_info (bfd *, asymbol *, symbol_info *);
 377 static void mmo_print_symbol (bfd *, void *, asymbol *,
 378                               bfd_print_symbol_type);
 379 static void mmo_init (void);
 380 static bfd_boolean mmo_mkobject (bfd *);
 381 static bfd_boolean mmo_scan (bfd *);
 382 static asection *mmo_decide_section (bfd *, bfd_vma);
 383 static asection *mmo_get_generic_spec_data_section (bfd *, int);
 384 static asection *mmo_get_spec_section (bfd *, int);
 385 static INLINE bfd_byte *mmo_get_loc (asection *, bfd_vma, int);
 386 static void mmo_xore_64 (asection *, bfd_vma vma, bfd_vma value);
 387 static void mmo_xore_32 (asection *, bfd_vma vma, unsigned int);
 388 static void mmo_xore_16 (asection *, bfd_vma vma, unsigned int);
 389 static const bfd_target *mmo_object_p (bfd *);
 390 static void mmo_map_set_sizes (bfd *, asection *, void *);
 391 static bfd_boolean mmo_get_symbols (bfd *);
 392 static bfd_boolean mmo_create_symbol (bfd *, const char *, bfd_vma,
 393                                       enum mmo_sym_type, unsigned int);
 394 static bfd_boolean mmo_get_section_contents (bfd *, asection *, void *,
 395                                              file_ptr, bfd_size_type);
 396 static long mmo_get_symtab_upper_bound (bfd *);
 397 static long mmo_canonicalize_symtab (bfd *, asymbol **);
 398 static void mmo_get_symbol_info (bfd *, asymbol *, symbol_info *);
 399 static void mmo_print_symbol (bfd *, void *, asymbol *,
 400                               bfd_print_symbol_type);
 401 static bfd_boolean mmo_set_section_contents (bfd *, sec_ptr, const void *,
 402                                              file_ptr, bfd_size_type);
 403 static int mmo_sizeof_headers (bfd *, struct bfd_link_info *);
 404 static bfd_boolean mmo_internal_write_header (bfd *);
 405 static bfd_boolean mmo_internal_write_post (bfd *, int, asection *);
 406 static bfd_boolean mmo_internal_add_3_sym (bfd *, struct mmo_symbol_trie *,
 407                                            const struct mmo_symbol *);
 408 static unsigned int mmo_internal_3_length (bfd *, struct mmo_symbol_trie *);
 409 static void mmo_internal_3_dump (bfd *, struct mmo_symbol_trie *);
 410 static void mmo_beb128_out (bfd *, int, int);
 411 static bfd_boolean mmo_internal_write_section (bfd *, asection *);
 412 static void mmo_write_tetra (bfd *, unsigned int);
 413 static void mmo_write_tetra_raw (bfd *, unsigned int);
 414 static void mmo_write_octa (bfd *, bfd_vma);
 415 static void mmo_write_octa_raw (bfd *, bfd_vma);
 416 static bfd_boolean mmo_write_chunk (bfd *, const bfd_byte *, unsigned int);
 417 static bfd_boolean mmo_flush_chunk (bfd *);
 418 static bfd_boolean mmo_write_loc_chunk (bfd *, bfd_vma, const bfd_byte *,
 419                                         unsigned int, bfd_vma *);
 420 static bfd_boolean mmo_write_chunk_list (bfd *, mmo_data_list_type *);
 421 static bfd_boolean mmo_write_loc_chunk_list (bfd *, mmo_data_list_type *);
 422 static bfd_boolean mmo_write_symbols_and_terminator (bfd *);
 423 static flagword mmo_sec_flags_from_bfd_flags (flagword);
 424 static flagword bfd_sec_flags_from_mmo_flags (flagword);
 425 static bfd_byte mmo_get_byte (bfd *);
 426 static void mmo_write_byte (bfd *, bfd_byte);
 427 static bfd_boolean mmo_new_section_hook (bfd *, asection *);
 428 static int mmo_sort_mmo_symbols (const void *, const void *);
 429 static bfd_boolean mmo_write_object_contents (bfd *);
 430 static bfd_boolean mmo_write_section_description (bfd *, asection *);
 431 static bfd_boolean mmo_has_leading_or_trailing_zero_tetra_p (bfd *,
 432                                                              asection *);
 433
 434 /* Global "const" variables initialized once.  Must not depend on
 435    particular input or caller; put such things into the bfd or elsewhere.
 436    Look ma, no static per-invocation data!  */
 437
 438 static
 439 char valid_mmo_symbol_character_set[/* A-Z a-z (we assume consecutive
 440                                        codes; sorry EBCDIC:ers!).  */
 441                                     + 'Z' - 'A' + 1 + 'z' - 'a' + 1
 442                                     /* Digits.  */
 443                                     + 10
 444                                     /* ':' and '_'.  */
 445                                     + 1 + 1
 446                                     /* Codes higher than 126.  */
 447                                     + 256 - 126
 448                                     /* Ending zero.  */
 449                                     + 1];
 450
 451
 452 /* Get section SECNAME or create one if it doesn't exist.  When creating
 453    one, new memory for the name is allocated.  */
 454
 455 static asection *
 456 mmo_make_section (bfd *abfd, const char *secname)
 457 {
 458   asection *sec = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, secname);
 459
 460   if (sec == NULL)
 461     {
 462       char *newsecname = strdup (secname);
 463
 464       if (newsecname == NULL)
 465         {
 466           _bfd_error_handler
 467             /* xgettext:c-format */
 468             (_("%B: No core to allocate section name %s\n"),
 469              abfd, secname);
 470           bfd_set_error (bfd_error_system_call);
 471           return NULL;
 472         }
 473       sec = bfd_make_section (abfd, newsecname);
 474     }
 475
 476   return sec;
 477 }
 478
 479 /* Nothing to do, but keep as a placeholder if we need it.
 480    Note that state that might differ between bfd:s must not be initialized
 481    here, nor must it be static.  Add it to tdata information instead.  */
 482
 483 static void
 484 mmo_init (void)
 485 {
 486   static bfd_boolean inited = FALSE;
 487   int i = 0;
 488   int j = 0;
 489   static const char letters[]
 490     = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789:_";
 491
 492   if (inited)
 493     return;
 494   inited = TRUE;
 495
 496   /* Fill in the set of valid symbol characters.  */
 497   strcpy (valid_mmo_symbol_character_set, letters);
 498   i = strlen (letters);
 499
 500   for (j = 126; j < 256; j++)
 501     valid_mmo_symbol_character_set[i++] = j;
 502 }
 503
 504 /* Check whether an existing file is an mmo file.  */
 505
 506 static const bfd_target *
 507 mmo_object_p (bfd *abfd)
 508 {
 509   struct stat statbuf;
 510   bfd_byte b[4];
 511
 512   mmo_init ();
 513
 514   if (bfd_stat (abfd, &statbuf) < 0
 515       || bfd_seek (abfd, (file_ptr) 0, SEEK_SET) != 0
 516       || bfd_bread (b, 4, abfd) != 4)
 517     goto bad_final;
 518
 519   /* All mmo files are a multiple of four bytes long.
 520      Only recognize version one.  */
 521   if ((statbuf.st_size % 4) != 0
 522       || b[0] != LOP || b[1] != LOP_PRE || b[2] != 1)
 523     goto bad_format;
 524
 525   /* Get the last 32-bit word.  */
 526   if (bfd_seek (abfd, (file_ptr) statbuf.st_size - 4, SEEK_SET) != 0
 527       || bfd_bread (b, 4, abfd) != 4)
 528     goto bad_final;
 529
 530   /* Check if the file ends in a lop_end lopcode. */
 531   if (b[0] != LOP || b[1] != LOP_END || ! mmo_mkobject (abfd))
 532     goto bad_format;
 533
 534   /* Compute an upper bound on the max symbol length.  Not really
 535      important as all of the symbol information can only be 256k.  */
 536   abfd->tdata.mmo_data->max_symbol_length = (b[2] * 256 + b[3]) * 4;
 537   abfd->tdata.mmo_data->lop_stab_symbol
 538     = bfd_malloc (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->max_symbol_length + 1);
 539
 540   if (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->lop_stab_symbol == NULL)
 541     {
 542       _bfd_error_handler
 543         /* xgettext:c-format */
 544         (_("%B: No core to allocate a symbol %d bytes long\n"),
 545          abfd, abfd->tdata.mmo_data->max_symbol_length);
 546       goto bad_final;
 547     }
 548
 549   /* Read in everything.  */
 550   if (! mmo_scan (abfd))
 551     goto bad_format_free;
 552
 553   if (abfd->symcount > 0)
 554     abfd->flags |= HAS_SYMS;
 555
 556   /* You'll have to tweak this if you want to use this format for other
 557      arches (not recommended due to its small-size limitations).  Look at
 558      the ELF format for how to make it target-generic.  */
 559   if (! bfd_default_set_arch_mach (abfd, bfd_arch_mmix, 0))
 560     goto bad_format_free;
 561
 562   return abfd->xvec;
 563
 564  bad_format_free:
 565   free (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->lop_stab_symbol);
 566  bad_format:
 567   bfd_set_error (bfd_error_wrong_format);
 568  bad_final:
 569   return NULL;
 570 }
 571
 572 /* Set up the mmo tdata information.  */
 573
 574 static bfd_boolean
 575 mmo_mkobject (bfd *abfd)
 576 {
 577   mmo_init ();
 578
 579   if (abfd->tdata.mmo_data == NULL)
 580     {
 581       time_t created;
 582
 583       /* All fields are zero-initialized, so we don't have to explicitly
 584          initialize most.  */
 585       tdata_type *tdata = (tdata_type *) bfd_zmalloc (sizeof (tdata_type));
 586       if (tdata == NULL)
 587         return FALSE;
 588
 589       created = time (NULL);
 590       bfd_put_32 (abfd, created, tdata->created);
 591
 592       abfd->tdata.mmo_data = tdata;
 593     }
 594
 595   return TRUE;
 596 }
 597
 598 static bfd_boolean
 599 mmo_section_has_contents (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, asection *sec, void *p ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 600 {
 601   /* The point is to match what --extract-symbols does (well, negated).  */
 602   return bfd_get_section_size (sec) != 0;
 603 }
 604
 605 /* Find out whether we should omit symbol consistency checks for this
 606    bfd and cache the value.
 607
 608    This function must only be called when all section contents is
 609    known.  However, calculating symbol consistency at the time the
 610    private BFD data is initialized is too late for some uses.  */
 611
 612 static bfd_boolean
 613 mmo_ignore_symbol_consistency (bfd *abfd)
 614 {
 615   if (!abfd->tdata.mmo_data->symbol_consistency_override_calculated)
 616     {
 617       abfd->tdata.mmo_data->ignore_symbol_consistency =
 618         bfd_sections_find_if (abfd, mmo_section_has_contents, NULL) == NULL;
 619
 620       abfd->tdata.mmo_data->symbol_consistency_override_calculated = TRUE;
 621     }
 622
 623   return abfd->tdata.mmo_data->ignore_symbol_consistency;
 624 }
 625
 626 static bfd_boolean
 627 mmo_bfd_copy_private_bfd_data (bfd *ibfd, bfd *obfd)
 628 {
 629   if (bfd_get_flavour (ibfd) != bfd_target_mmo_flavour
 630       || bfd_get_flavour (obfd) != bfd_target_mmo_flavour)
 631     return TRUE;
 632
 633   /* Copy the time the copied-from file was created.  If people want the
 634      time the file was last *modified*, they have that in the normal file
 635      information.  */
 636   memcpy (obfd->tdata.mmo_data->created, ibfd->tdata.mmo_data->created,
 637           sizeof (obfd->tdata.mmo_data->created));
 638   return TRUE;
 639 }
 640
 641 /* Helper functions for mmo_decide_section, used through
 642    bfd_map_over_sections.  */
 643
 644 static void
 645 mmo_find_sec_w_addr (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, asection *sec, void *p)
 646 {
 647   struct mmo_find_sec_info *infop = (struct mmo_find_sec_info *) p;
 648   bfd_vma vma = bfd_get_section_vma (abfd, sec);
 649
 650   /* Ignore sections that aren't loaded.  */
 651   if ((bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec) & (SEC_LOAD | SEC_ALLOC))
 652       !=  (SEC_LOAD | SEC_ALLOC))
 653     return;
 654
 655   if (infop->addr >= vma && infop->addr < vma + sec->size)
 656     infop->sec = sec;
 657 }
 658
 659 static void
 660 mmo_find_sec_w_addr_grow (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, asection *sec, void *p)
 661 {
 662   struct mmo_find_sec_info *infop = (struct mmo_find_sec_info *) p;
 663   bfd_vma vma = bfd_get_section_vma (abfd, sec);
 664
 665   /* Ignore sections that aren't loaded.  */
 666   if ((bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec) & (SEC_LOAD | SEC_ALLOC))
 667       !=  (SEC_LOAD | SEC_ALLOC))
 668     return;
 669
 670   if (infop->addr >= vma && infop->addr < vma + MAX_ARTIFICIAL_SECTION_SIZE)
 671     infop->sec = sec;
 672 }
 673
 674 /* Find a section that corresponds to a VMA.  Automatically create .text
 675    or .data and set current section to it, depending on what vma.  If we
 676    can't deduce a section, make one up as ".MMIX.sec.N", where N is an
 677    increasing number.  */
 678
 679 static asection *
 680 mmo_decide_section (bfd *abfd, bfd_vma vma)
 681 {
 682   asection *sec = NULL;
 683   char sec_name[sizeof (".MMIX.sec.") + 20];
 684   struct mmo_find_sec_info info;
 685
 686   info.addr = vma;
 687   info.sec = NULL;
 688
 689   /* First see if there's a section that would match exactly.  */
 690   bfd_map_over_sections (abfd, mmo_find_sec_w_addr, &info);
 691
 692   if (info.sec != NULL)
 693     return info.sec;
 694
 695   /* If there's no such section, try and expand one of the existing ones,
 696      up to a limit.  Make sure we have .text and .data before we try that;
 697      create them corresponding to expected addresses and set flags to make
 698      them match the "loaded and with contents" expectation.  */
 699   if ((vma >> 56) == 0)
 700     {
 701       sec = bfd_make_section_old_way (abfd, MMO_TEXT_SECTION_NAME);
 702
 703       if (sec == NULL)
 704         return NULL;
 705
 706       if (! sec->user_set_vma && ! bfd_set_section_vma (abfd, sec, vma))
 707         return NULL;
 708
 709       if (! bfd_set_section_flags (abfd, sec,
 710                                    bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec)
 711                                    | SEC_CODE | SEC_LOAD | SEC_ALLOC))
 712         return NULL;
 713     }
 714   else if ((vma >> 56) == 0x20)
 715     {
 716       sec = bfd_make_section_old_way (abfd, MMO_DATA_SECTION_NAME);
 717
 718       if (sec == NULL)
 719         return NULL;
 720
 721       if (! sec->user_set_vma && ! bfd_set_section_vma (abfd, sec, vma))
 722         return NULL;
 723
 724       if (! bfd_set_section_flags (abfd, sec,
 725                                    bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec)
 726                                    | SEC_LOAD | SEC_ALLOC))
 727         return NULL;
 728     }
 729
 730   bfd_map_over_sections (abfd, mmo_find_sec_w_addr_grow, &info);
 731
 732   if (info.sec != NULL)
 733     return info.sec;
 734
 735   /* If there's still no suitable section, make a new one.  */
 736   sprintf (sec_name, ".MMIX.sec.%d", abfd->tdata.mmo_data->sec_no++);
 737   sec = mmo_make_section (abfd, sec_name);
 738
 739   if (! sec->user_set_vma && ! bfd_set_section_vma (abfd, sec, vma))
 740     return NULL;
 741
 742   if (! bfd_set_section_flags (abfd, sec,
 743                                bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec)
 744                                | SEC_LOAD | SEC_ALLOC))
 745     return NULL;
 746   return sec;
 747 }
 748
 749 /* Xor in a 64-bit value VALUE at VMA.  */
 750
 751 static INLINE void
 752 mmo_xore_64 (asection *sec, bfd_vma vma, bfd_vma value)
 753 {
 754   bfd_byte *loc = mmo_get_loc (sec, vma, 8);
 755   bfd_vma prev = bfd_get_64 (sec->owner, loc);
 756
 757   value ^= prev;
 758   bfd_put_64 (sec->owner, value, loc);
 759 }
 760
 761 /* Xor in a 32-bit value VALUE at VMA.  */
 762
 763 static INLINE void
 764 mmo_xore_32 (asection *sec, bfd_vma vma, unsigned int value)
 765 {
 766   bfd_byte *loc = mmo_get_loc (sec, vma, 4);
 767   unsigned int prev = bfd_get_32 (sec->owner, loc);
 768
 769   value ^= prev;
 770   bfd_put_32 (sec->owner, value, loc);
 771 }
 772
 773 /* Xor in a 16-bit value VALUE at VMA.  */
 774
 775 static INLINE void
 776 mmo_xore_16 (asection *sec, bfd_vma vma, unsigned int value)
 777 {
 778   bfd_byte *loc = mmo_get_loc (sec, vma, 2);
 779   unsigned int prev = bfd_get_16 (sec->owner, loc);
 780
 781   value ^= prev;
 782   bfd_put_16 (sec->owner, value, loc);
 783 }
 784
 785 /* Write a 32-bit word to output file, no lop_quote generated.  */
 786
 787 static INLINE void
 788 mmo_write_tetra_raw (bfd *abfd, unsigned int value)
 789 {
 790   bfd_byte buf[4];
 791
 792   bfd_put_32 (abfd, value, buf);
 793
 794   if (bfd_bwrite (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)
 795     abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error = TRUE;
 796 }
 797
 798 /* Write a 32-bit word to output file; lop_quote if necessary.  */
 799
 800 static INLINE void
 801 mmo_write_tetra (bfd *abfd, unsigned int value)
 802 {
 803   if (((value >> 24) & 0xff) == LOP)
 804     mmo_write_tetra_raw (abfd, LOP_QUOTE_NEXT);
 805
 806   mmo_write_tetra_raw (abfd, value);
 807 }
 808
 809 /* Write a 64-bit word to output file, perhaps with lop_quoting.  */
 810
 811 static INLINE void
 812 mmo_write_octa (bfd *abfd, bfd_vma value)
 813 {
 814   mmo_write_tetra (abfd, (unsigned int) (value >> 32));
 815   mmo_write_tetra (abfd, (unsigned int) value);
 816 }
 817
 818 /* Write a 64-bit word to output file, without lop_quoting.  */
 819
 820 static INLINE void
 821 mmo_write_octa_raw (bfd *abfd, bfd_vma value)
 822 {
 823   mmo_write_tetra_raw (abfd, (unsigned int) (value >> 32));
 824   mmo_write_tetra_raw (abfd, (unsigned int) value);
 825 }
 826
 827 /* Write quoted contents.  Intended to be called multiple times in
 828    sequence, followed by a call to mmo_flush_chunk.  */
 829
 830 static INLINE bfd_boolean
 831 mmo_write_chunk (bfd *abfd, const bfd_byte *loc, unsigned int len)
 832 {
 833   bfd_boolean retval = TRUE;
 834   struct mmo_data_struct *mmop = abfd->tdata.mmo_data;
 835
 836   /* Fill up a tetra from bytes remaining from a previous chunk.  */
 837   if (mmop->byte_no != 0)
 838     {
 839       while (mmop->byte_no < 4 && len != 0)
 840         {
 841           mmop->buf[mmop->byte_no++] = *loc++;
 842           len--;
 843         }
 844
 845       if (mmop->byte_no == 4)
 846         {
 847           mmo_write_tetra (abfd, bfd_get_32 (abfd, mmop->buf));
 848           mmop->byte_no = 0;
 849         }
 850     }
 851
 852   while (len >= 4)
 853     {
 854       if (loc[0] == LOP)
 855         mmo_write_tetra_raw (abfd, LOP_QUOTE_NEXT);
 856
 857       retval = (retval
 858                 && ! mmop->have_error
 859                 && 4 == bfd_bwrite (loc, 4, abfd));
 860
 861       loc += 4;
 862       len -= 4;
 863     }
 864
 865   if (len)
 866     {
 867       /* We must have flushed a previous remainder if we get one from
 868          this chunk too.  */
 869       BFD_ASSERT (mmop->byte_no == 0);
 870       memcpy (mmop->buf, loc, len);
 871       mmop->byte_no = len;
 872     }
 873
 874   if (! retval)
 875     mmop->have_error = TRUE;
 876   return retval;
 877 }
 878
 879 /* Flush remaining bytes, from a previous mmo_write_chunk, zero-padded to
 880    4 bytes.  */
 881
 882 static INLINE bfd_boolean
 883 mmo_flush_chunk (bfd *abfd)
 884 {
 885   if (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no != 0)
 886     {
 887       memset (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->buf + abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no,
 888               0, 4 - abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no);
 889       mmo_write_tetra (abfd,
 890                        bfd_get_32 (abfd, abfd->tdata.mmo_data->buf));
 891       abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no = 0;
 892     }
 893
 894   return ! abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error;
 895 }
 896
 897 /* Same, but from a list.  */
 898
 899 static INLINE bfd_boolean
 900 mmo_write_chunk_list (bfd *abfd, mmo_data_list_type *datap)
 901 {
 902   for (; datap != NULL; datap = datap->next)
 903     if (! mmo_write_chunk (abfd, datap->data, datap->size))
 904       return FALSE;
 905
 906   return mmo_flush_chunk (abfd);
 907 }
 908
 909 /* Write a lop_loc and some contents.  A caller needs to call
 910    mmo_flush_chunk after calling this function.  The location is only
 911    output if different than *LAST_VMAP, which is updated after this call.  */
 912
 913 static bfd_boolean
 914 mmo_write_loc_chunk (bfd *abfd, bfd_vma vma, const bfd_byte *loc,
 915                      unsigned int len, bfd_vma *last_vmap)
 916 {
 917   /* Find an initial and trailing section of zero (aligned) tetras; we don't
 918      need to write out zeros.  FIXME: When we do this, we should emit
 919      section size and address specifiers, else objcopy can't always perform
 920      an identity translation.  Only do this if we *don't* have left-over
 921      data from a previous write (and will not add any) or else the vma of
 922      this chunk is *not* the next address, because then data isn't
 923      tetrabyte-aligned and we're concatenating to that left-over data.  */
 924
 925   if ((vma & 3) == 0
 926       && (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no == 0 || vma != *last_vmap))
 927     {
 928       while (len > 4 && bfd_get_32 (abfd, loc) == 0)
 929         {
 930           vma += 4;
 931           len -= 4;
 932           loc += 4;
 933         }
 934
 935       if ((len & 3) == 0)
 936         while (len > 4 && bfd_get_32 (abfd, loc + len - 4) == 0)
 937           len -= 4;
 938     }
 939
 940   /* Only write out the location if it's different than the one the caller
 941      (supposedly) previously handled, accounting for omitted leading zeros.  */
 942   if (vma != *last_vmap)
 943     {
 944       /* We might be in the middle of a sequence.  */
 945       mmo_flush_chunk (abfd);
 946
 947       /* This should not happen during normal usage, but can presumably
 948          happen with an erroneous linker-script, so handle gracefully.
 949          Avoid Knuth-specific terms in the message, such as "tetrabyte".
 950          Note that this function will get non-4-multiple lengths and
 951          unaligned vmas but those come in tuples (mostly pairs) and are
 952          continuous (i.e. the if-condition above false) and they are
 953          group-wise aligned.  */
 954       if ((vma & 3) != 0)
 955         {
 956           _bfd_error_handler
 957             /* xgettext:c-format */
 958             (_("%B: attempt to emit contents at non-multiple-of-4"
 959                " address %#Lx"),
 960              abfd, vma);
 961           bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
 962           return FALSE;
 963         }
 964
 965       /* We always write the location as 64 bits; no use saving bytes
 966          here.  */
 967       mmo_write_tetra_raw (abfd, (LOP << 24) | (LOP_LOC << 16) | 2);
 968       mmo_write_octa_raw (abfd, vma);
 969     }
 970
 971   /* Update to reflect end of this chunk, with trailing zeros omitted.  */
 972   *last_vmap = vma + len;
 973
 974   return (! abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error
 975           && mmo_write_chunk (abfd, loc, len));
 976 }
 977
 978 /* Same, but from a list.  */
 979
 980 static INLINE bfd_boolean
 981 mmo_write_loc_chunk_list (bfd *abfd, mmo_data_list_type *datap)
 982 {
 983   /* Get an address different than the address of the first chunk.  */
 984   bfd_vma last_vma = datap ? datap->where - 1 : 0;
 985
 986   for (; datap != NULL; datap = datap->next)
 987     if (! mmo_write_loc_chunk (abfd, datap->where, datap->data, datap->size,
 988                                &last_vma))
 989       return FALSE;
 990
 991   return mmo_flush_chunk (abfd);
 992 }
 993
 994 /* Make a .MMIX.spec_data.N section.  */
 995
 996 static asection *
 997 mmo_get_generic_spec_data_section (bfd *abfd, int spec_data_number)
 998 {
 999   asection *sec;
1000   char secname[sizeof (MMIX_OTHER_SPEC_SECTION_PREFIX) + 20]
1001     = MMIX_OTHER_SPEC_SECTION_PREFIX;
1002
1003   sprintf (secname + strlen (MMIX_OTHER_SPEC_SECTION_PREFIX),
1004            "%d", spec_data_number);
1005
1006   sec = mmo_make_section (abfd, secname);
1007
1008   return sec;
1009 }
1010
1011 /* Make a special section for SPEC_DATA_NUMBER.  If it is the one we use
1012    ourselves, parse some of its data to get at the section name.  */
1013
1014 static asection *
1015 mmo_get_spec_section (bfd *abfd, int spec_data_number)
1016 {
1017   char *secname;
1018   asection *sec;
1019   bfd_byte buf[4];
1020   unsigned int secname_length;
1021   unsigned int i;
1022   bfd_vma section_length;
1023   bfd_vma section_vma;
1024   mmo_data_list_type *loc;
1025   flagword flags;
1026   long orig_pos;
1027
1028   /* If this isn't the "special" special data, then make a placeholder
1029      section.  */
1030   if (spec_data_number != SPEC_DATA_SECTION)
1031     return mmo_get_generic_spec_data_section (abfd, spec_data_number);
1032
1033   /* Seek back to this position if there was a format error.  */
1034   orig_pos = bfd_tell (abfd);
1035
1036   /* Read the length (in 32-bit words).  */
1037   if (bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)
1038     goto format_error;
1039
1040   if (buf[0] == LOP)
1041     {
1042       if (buf[1] != LOP_QUOTE)
1043         goto format_error;
1044
1045       if (bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)
1046         goto format_error;
1047     }
1048
1049   /* We don't care to keep the name length accurate.  It's
1050      zero-terminated.  */
1051   secname_length = bfd_get_32 (abfd, buf) * 4;
1052
1053   /* Check section name length for sanity.  */
1054   if (secname_length > MAX_SECTION_NAME_SIZE)
1055     goto format_error;
1056
1057   /* This should be free'd regardless if a section is created.  */
1058   secname = bfd_malloc (secname_length + 1);
1059   secname[secname_length] = 0;
1060
1061   for (i = 0; i < secname_length / 4; i++)
1062     {
1063       if (bfd_bread (secname + i * 4, 4, abfd) != 4)
1064         goto format_error_free;
1065
1066       if (secname[i * 4] == (char) LOP)
1067         {
1068           /* A bit of overkill, but we handle char 0x98 in a section name,
1069              and recognize misparsing.  */
1070           if (secname[i * 4 + 1] != LOP_QUOTE
1071               || bfd_bread (secname + i * 4, 4, abfd) != 4)
1072             /* Whoops.  We thought this was a name, and now we found a
1073                non-lop_quote lopcode before we parsed the whole length of
1074                the name.  Signal end-of-file in the same manner.  */
1075               goto format_error_free;
1076         }
1077     }
1078
1079   /* Get the section flags.  */
1080   if (bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4
1081       || (buf[0] == LOP
1082           && (buf[1] != LOP_QUOTE || bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)))
1083     goto format_error_free;
1084
1085   flags = bfd_get_32 (abfd, buf);
1086
1087   /* Get the section length.  */
1088   if (bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4
1089       || (buf[0] == LOP
1090           && (buf[1] != LOP_QUOTE || bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)))
1091     goto format_error_free;
1092
1093   section_length = (bfd_vma) bfd_get_32 (abfd, buf) << 32;
1094
1095   /* That's the first, high-part.  Now get the low part.  */
1096
1097   if (bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4
1098       || (buf[0] == LOP
1099           && (buf[1] != LOP_QUOTE || bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)))
1100     goto format_error_free;
1101
1102   section_length |= (bfd_vma) bfd_get_32 (abfd, buf);
1103
1104   /* Check the section length for sanity.  */
1105   if (section_length > MAX_ARTIFICIAL_SECTION_SIZE)
1106     goto format_error_free;
1107
1108   /* Get the section VMA.  */
1109   if (bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4
1110       || (buf[0] == LOP
1111           && (buf[1] != LOP_QUOTE || bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)))
1112     goto format_error_free;
1113
1114   section_vma = (bfd_vma) bfd_get_32 (abfd, buf) << 32;
1115
1116   /* That's the first, high-part.  Now get the low part.  */
1117   if (bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4
1118       || (buf[0] == LOP
1119           && (buf[1] != LOP_QUOTE || bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)))
1120     goto format_error_free;
1121
1122   section_vma |= (bfd_vma) bfd_get_32 (abfd, buf);
1123
1124   sec = mmo_make_section (abfd, secname);
1125   free (secname);
1126   if (sec == NULL)
1127     goto format_error;
1128
1129   /* We allocate a buffer here for the advertised size, with head room for
1130      tetrabyte alignment.  */
1131   loc = bfd_zmalloc (section_length + 3
1132                      + sizeof (struct mmo_data_list_struct));
1133   if (loc == NULL)
1134     goto format_error;
1135
1136   /* Use a TETRA-rounded size for the allocated buffer; we set the
1137      "visible" section size below.  */
1138   loc->size = (section_length + 3) & ~3;
1139
1140   /* Add in the section flags we found to those bfd entered during this
1141      process and set the contents.  */
1142   if (! bfd_set_section_flags (abfd, sec,
1143                                bfd_sec_flags_from_mmo_flags (flags)
1144                                | bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec)
1145                                | (section_length != 0 ? SEC_HAS_CONTENTS : 0))
1146       || ! bfd_set_section_size (abfd, sec, sec->size + section_length)
1147       /* Set VMA only for the first occurrence.  */
1148       || (! sec->user_set_vma
1149           && ! bfd_set_section_vma  (abfd, sec, section_vma)))
1150     {
1151       /* If we get an error for any of the calls above, signal more than
1152          just a format error for the spec section.  */
1153       return NULL;
1154     }
1155
1156   loc->next = NULL;
1157   if (mmo_section_data (sec)->tail != NULL)
1158     mmo_section_data (sec)->tail->next = loc;
1159   else
1160     mmo_section_data (sec)->head = loc;
1161   mmo_section_data (sec)->tail = loc;
1162   loc->where = section_vma;
1163
1164   return sec;
1165
1166  format_error_free:
1167   free (secname);
1168  format_error:
1169   if (bfd_seek (abfd, orig_pos, SEEK_SET) != 0)
1170     return NULL;
1171
1172   return mmo_get_generic_spec_data_section (abfd, spec_data_number);
1173 }
1174
1175 /* Read a byte, but read from file in multiples of 32-bit words.  */
1176
1177 static bfd_byte
1178 mmo_get_byte (bfd *abfd)
1179 {
1180   bfd_byte retval;
1181
1182   if (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no == 0)
1183     {
1184       if (! abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error
1185           && bfd_bread (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->buf, 4, abfd) != 4)
1186         {
1187           abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error = TRUE;
1188
1189           /* A value somewhat safe against tripping on some inconsistency
1190              when mopping up after this error.  */
1191           return 128;
1192         }
1193     }
1194
1195   retval = abfd->tdata.mmo_data->buf[abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no];
1196   abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no = (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no + 1) % 4;
1197
1198   return retval;
1199 }
1200
1201 /* Write a byte, in multiples of 32-bit words.  */
1202
1203 static void
1204 mmo_write_byte (bfd *abfd, bfd_byte value)
1205 {
1206   abfd->tdata.mmo_data->buf[(abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no++ % 4)] = value;
1207   if ((abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no % 4) == 0)
1208     {
1209       if (! abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error
1210           && bfd_bwrite (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->buf, 4, abfd) != 4)
1211         abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error = TRUE;
1212     }
1213 }
1214
1215 /* Create a symbol.  */
1216
1217 static bfd_boolean
1218 mmo_create_symbol (bfd *abfd, const char *symname, bfd_vma addr, enum
1219                    mmo_sym_type sym_type, unsigned int serno)
1220 {
1221   struct mmo_symbol *n;
1222
1223   n = (struct mmo_symbol *) bfd_alloc (abfd, sizeof (struct mmo_symbol));
1224   if (n == NULL)
1225     return FALSE;
1226
1227   n->name = bfd_alloc (abfd, strlen (symname) + 1);
1228   if (n->name == NULL)
1229     return FALSE;
1230
1231   strcpy (n->name, symname);
1232
1233   n->value = addr;
1234   n->sym_type = sym_type;
1235   n->serno = serno;
1236
1237   if (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->symbols == NULL)
1238     abfd->tdata.mmo_data->symbols = n;
1239   else
1240     abfd->tdata.mmo_data->symtail->next = n;
1241   abfd->tdata.mmo_data->symtail = n;
1242   n->next = NULL;
1243
1244   ++abfd->symcount;
1245
1246   /* Check that :Main equals the last octa of the .MMIX.reg_contents
1247      section, as it's the one place we're sure to pass when reading a mmo
1248      object.  For written objects, we do it while setting the symbol
1249      table.  */
1250   if (strcmp (symname, MMIX_START_SYMBOL_NAME) == 0
1251       && bfd_get_start_address (abfd) != addr
1252       && !mmo_ignore_symbol_consistency (abfd))
1253     {
1254       _bfd_error_handler
1255         (_("%B: invalid mmo file: initialization value for $255"
1256            " is not `Main'\n"),
1257          abfd);
1258       bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
1259       return FALSE;
1260     }
1261
1262   return TRUE;
1263 }
1264
1265 /* Read in symbols.  */
1266
1267 static bfd_boolean
1268 mmo_get_symbols (bfd *abfd)
1269 {
1270 /*
1271 INODE
1272 Symbol-table, mmo section mapping, File layout, mmo
1273 SUBSECTION
1274         Symbol table format
1275
1276         From mmixal.w (or really, the generated mmixal.tex) in the
1277         MMIXware package which also contains the @command{mmix} simulator:
1278         ``Symbols are stored and retrieved by means of a @samp{ternary
1279         search trie}, following ideas of Bentley and Sedgewick. (See
1280         ACM--SIAM Symp.@: on Discrete Algorithms @samp{8} (1997), 360--369;
1281         R.@:Sedgewick, @samp{Algorithms in C} (Reading, Mass.@:
1282         Addison--Wesley, 1998), @samp{15.4}.)  Each trie node stores a
1283         character, and there are branches to subtries for the cases where
1284         a given character is less than, equal to, or greater than the
1285         character in the trie.  There also is a pointer to a symbol table
1286         entry if a symbol ends at the current node.''
1287
1288         So it's a tree encoded as a stream of bytes.  The stream of bytes
1289         acts on a single virtual global symbol, adding and removing
1290         characters and signalling complete symbol points.  Here, we read
1291         the stream and create symbols at the completion points.
1292
1293         First, there's a control byte <<m>>.  If any of the listed bits
1294         in <<m>> is nonzero, we execute what stands at the right, in
1295         the listed order:
1296
1297 | (MMO3_LEFT)
1298 | 0x40 - Traverse left trie.
1299 |        (Read a new command byte and recurse.)
1300 |
1301 | (MMO3_SYMBITS)
1302 | 0x2f - Read the next byte as a character and store it in the
1303 |        current character position; increment character position.
1304 |        Test the bits of <<m>>:
1305 |
1306 |        (MMO3_WCHAR)
1307 |        0x80 - The character is 16-bit (so read another byte,
1308 |               merge into current character.
1309 |
1310 |        (MMO3_TYPEBITS)
1311 |        0xf  - We have a complete symbol; parse the type, value
1312 |               and serial number and do what should be done
1313 |               with a symbol.  The type and length information
1314 |               is in j = (m & 0xf).
1315 |
1316 |               (MMO3_REGQUAL_BITS)
1317 |               j == 0xf: A register variable.  The following
1318 |                         byte tells which register.
1319 |               j <= 8:   An absolute symbol.  Read j bytes as the
1320 |                         big-endian number the symbol equals.
1321 |                         A j = 2 with two zero bytes denotes an
1322 |                         unknown symbol.
1323 |               j > 8:    As with j <= 8, but add (0x20 << 56)
1324 |                         to the value in the following j - 8
1325 |                         bytes.
1326 |
1327 |               Then comes the serial number, as a variant of
1328 |               uleb128, but better named ubeb128:
1329 |               Read bytes and shift the previous value left 7
1330 |               (multiply by 128).  Add in the new byte, repeat
1331 |               until a byte has bit 7 set.  The serial number
1332 |               is the computed value minus 128.
1333 |
1334 |        (MMO3_MIDDLE)
1335 |        0x20 - Traverse middle trie.  (Read a new command byte
1336 |               and recurse.)  Decrement character position.
1337 |
1338 | (MMO3_RIGHT)
1339 | 0x10 - Traverse right trie.  (Read a new command byte and
1340 |        recurse.)
1341
1342         Let's look again at the <<lop_stab>> for the trivial file
1343         (@pxref{File layout}).
1344
1345 | 0x980b0000 - lop_stab for ":Main" = 0, serial 1.
1346 | 0x203a4040
1347 | 0x10404020
1348 | 0x4d206120
1349 | 0x69016e00
1350 | 0x81000000
1351
1352         This forms the trivial trie (note that the path between ``:'' and
1353         ``M'' is redundant):
1354
1355 | 203a     ":"
1356 | 40       /
1357 | 40      /
1358 | 10      \
1359 | 40      /
1360 | 40     /
1361 | 204d  "M"
1362 | 2061  "a"
1363 | 2069  "i"
1364 | 016e  "n" is the last character in a full symbol, and
1365 |       with a value represented in one byte.
1366 | 00    The value is 0.
1367 | 81    The serial number is 1.  */
1368
1369   bfd_byte m = mmo_get_byte (abfd);
1370
1371   /* Check first if we have a bad hair day.  */
1372   if (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error)
1373     return FALSE;
1374
1375   if (m & MMO3_LEFT)
1376     /* Traverse left trie. */
1377     mmo_get_symbols (abfd);
1378
1379   if (m & MMO3_SYMBITS)
1380     {
1381       bfd_byte c = mmo_get_byte (abfd);
1382       bfd_byte j = m & MMO3_TYPEBITS;
1383       bfd_vma addr = 0;
1384       enum mmo_sym_type sym_type;
1385       unsigned int serno = 0;
1386       bfd_byte k;
1387
1388       if (m & MMO3_WCHAR)
1389         {
1390           bfd_byte c2 = mmo_get_byte (abfd);
1391
1392           /* A two-byte character.  We can't grok this, but neither can
1393              mmotype, for other cases than the second byte being zero.  */
1394
1395           if (c != 0)
1396             {
1397               abfd->tdata.mmo_data->lop_stab_symbol
1398                 [abfd->tdata.mmo_data->symbol_position] = 0;
1399
1400               _bfd_error_handler
1401                 /* xgettext:c-format */
1402                 (_("%B: unsupported wide character sequence"
1403                    " 0x%02X 0x%02X after symbol name starting with `%s'\n"),
1404                  abfd, c, c2, abfd->tdata.mmo_data->lop_stab_symbol);
1405               bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
1406               abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error = TRUE;
1407               return FALSE;
1408             }
1409           else
1410             c = c2;
1411         }
1412
1413       abfd->tdata.mmo_data->lop_stab_symbol[abfd->tdata.mmo_data->symbol_position++] = c;
1414       abfd->tdata.mmo_data->lop_stab_symbol[abfd->tdata.mmo_data->symbol_position] = 0;
1415
1416       if (j & MMO3_REGQUAL_BITS)
1417         {
1418           if (j == MMO3_REGQUAL_BITS)
1419             {
1420               sym_type = mmo_reg_sym;
1421               addr = mmo_get_byte (abfd);
1422             }
1423           else if (j <= 8)
1424             {
1425               unsigned int i;
1426
1427               for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
1428                 addr = (addr << 8) + mmo_get_byte (abfd);
1429
1430               if (addr == 0 && j == MMO3_UNDEF)
1431                 sym_type = mmo_undef_sym;
1432               else
1433                 sym_type = mmo_abs_sym;
1434             }
1435           else
1436             {
1437               unsigned int i;
1438
1439               for (i = MMO3_DATA; i < j; i++)
1440                 addr = (addr << 8) + mmo_get_byte (abfd);
1441
1442               addr += (bfd_vma) 0x20 << 56;
1443               sym_type = mmo_data_sym;
1444             }
1445
1446           /* Get the serial number.  */
1447           do
1448             {
1449               k = mmo_get_byte (abfd);
1450               serno = (serno << 7) + k;
1451             }
1452           while (k < 128);
1453           serno -= 128;
1454
1455           /* Got it.  Now enter it.  Skip a leading ":".  */
1456           if (! abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error
1457               && ! mmo_create_symbol (abfd,
1458                                       abfd->tdata.mmo_data->lop_stab_symbol
1459                                       + 1,
1460                                       addr, sym_type, serno))
1461             abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error = TRUE;
1462         }
1463
1464       if (m & MMO3_MIDDLE)
1465         /* Traverse middle trie. */
1466         mmo_get_symbols (abfd);
1467
1468       abfd->tdata.mmo_data->symbol_position--;
1469     }
1470
1471   if (m & MMO3_RIGHT)
1472     /* Traverse right trie.  */
1473     mmo_get_symbols (abfd);
1474
1475   return ! abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error;
1476 }
1477
1478 /* Get the location of memory area [VMA..VMA + SIZE - 1], which we think
1479    is in section SEC.  Adjust and reallocate zero-initialized contents.
1480    If there's new contents, allocate to the next multiple of
1481    MMO_SEC_CONTENTS_CHUNK_SIZE.  */
1482
1483 static INLINE bfd_byte *
1484 mmo_get_loc (asection *sec, bfd_vma vma, int size)
1485 {
1486   bfd_size_type allocated_size;
1487   struct mmo_section_data_struct *sdatap = mmo_section_data (sec);
1488   struct mmo_data_list_struct *datap = sdatap->head;
1489   struct mmo_data_list_struct *entry;
1490
1491   /* First search the list to see if we have the requested chunk in one
1492      piece, or perhaps if we have a suitable chunk with room to fit.  */
1493   for (; datap != NULL; datap = datap->next)
1494     {
1495       if (datap->where <= vma
1496           && datap->where + datap->size >= vma + size)
1497         return datap->data + vma - datap->where;
1498       else if (datap->where <= vma
1499                && datap->where + datap->allocated_size >= vma + size
1500                /* Only munch on the "allocated size" if it does not
1501                   overlap the next chunk.  */
1502                && (datap->next == NULL || datap->next->where >= vma + size))
1503         {
1504           /* There was room allocated, but the size wasn't set to include
1505              it.  Do that now.  */
1506           datap->size += (vma + size) - (datap->where + datap->size);
1507
1508           /* Update the section size.  This happens only if we update the
1509              32-bit-aligned chunk size.  Callers that have
1510              non-32-bit-aligned sections should do all allocation and
1511              size-setting by themselves or at least set the section size
1512              after the last allocating call to this function.  */
1513           if (vma + size > sec->vma + sec->size)
1514             sec->size += (vma + size) - (sec->vma + sec->size);
1515
1516           return datap->data + vma - datap->where;
1517         }
1518     }
1519
1520   /* Not found; allocate a new block.  First check in case we get a
1521      request for a size split up over several blocks; we'll have to return
1522      NULL for those cases, requesting the caller to split up the request.
1523      Requests with an address aligned on MMO_SEC_CONTENTS_CHUNK_SIZE bytes and
1524      for no more than MMO_SEC_CONTENTS_CHUNK_SIZE will always get resolved.  */
1525
1526   for (datap = sdatap->head; datap != NULL; datap = datap->next)
1527     if ((datap->where <= vma && datap->where + datap->size > vma)
1528         || (datap->where < vma + size
1529             && datap->where + datap->size >= vma + size))
1530       return NULL;
1531
1532   allocated_size
1533     = (size + MMO_SEC_CONTENTS_CHUNK_SIZE - 1) & ~(MMO_SEC_CONTENTS_CHUNK_SIZE - 1);
1534   entry = (mmo_data_list_type *)
1535     bfd_zalloc (sec->owner, sizeof (mmo_data_list_type) + allocated_size);
1536   if (entry == NULL)
1537     return NULL;
1538   entry->where = vma;
1539   entry->size = size;
1540   entry->allocated_size = allocated_size;
1541
1542   datap = sdatap->head;
1543
1544   /* Sort the records by address.  Optimize for the common case of adding
1545      a record to the end of the list.  */
1546   if (sdatap->tail != NULL && entry->where >= sdatap->tail->where)
1547     {
1548       sdatap->tail->next = entry;
1549       entry->next = NULL;
1550       sdatap->tail = entry;
1551     }
1552   else
1553     {
1554       mmo_data_list_type **look;
1555       for (look = &sdatap->head;
1556            *look != NULL && (*look)->where < entry->where;
1557            look = &(*look)->next)
1558         ;
1559       entry->next = *look;
1560       *look = entry;
1561       if (entry->next == NULL)
1562         {
1563           sdatap->tail = entry;
1564
1565           /* We get here for the first time (at other times too) for this
1566              section.  Say we have contents.  */
1567           if (! bfd_set_section_flags (sec->owner, sec,
1568                                        bfd_get_section_flags (sec->owner, sec)
1569                                        | SEC_HAS_CONTENTS))
1570             return NULL;
1571         }
1572     }
1573
1574   /* Update the section size.  This happens only when we add contents and
1575      re-size as we go.  The section size will then be aligned to 32 bits.  */
1576   if (vma + size > sec->vma + sec->size)
1577     sec->size += (vma + size) - (sec->vma + sec->size);
1578   return entry->data;
1579 }
1580
1581 /* Set sizes once we've read in all sections.  */
1582
1583 static void
1584 mmo_map_set_sizes (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, asection *sec,
1585                    void *ignored ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
1586 {
1587   sec->lma = sec->vma;
1588 }
1589
1590 /* Read the mmo file and turn it into sections.  */
1591
1592 static bfd_boolean
1593 mmo_scan (bfd *abfd)
1594 {
1595   unsigned int i;
1596   unsigned int lineno = 1;
1597   bfd_boolean error = FALSE;
1598   bfd_vma vma = 0;
1599   asection *sec = bfd_make_section_old_way (abfd, MMO_TEXT_SECTION_NAME);
1600   asection *non_spec_sec = NULL;
1601   bfd_vma non_spec_vma = 0;
1602   bfd_size_type nbytes_read = 0;
1603   /* Buffer with room to read a 64-bit value.  */
1604   bfd_byte buf[8];
1605   file_ptr stab_loc = -1;
1606   char *file_names[256];
1607
1608   abfd->symcount = 0;
1609   memset (file_names, 0, sizeof (file_names));
1610
1611   if (bfd_seek (abfd, (file_ptr) 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)
1612     goto error_return;
1613
1614   while ((nbytes_read = bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd)) == 4)
1615     {
1616       if (buf[0] == LOP)
1617         {
1618           unsigned int y = bfd_get_8 (abfd, buf + 2);
1619           unsigned int z = bfd_get_8 (abfd, buf + 3);
1620
1621           /* Change back to the original section for lopcodes other
1622              than LOP_QUOTE that comes after a LOP_SPEC.  */
1623           if ((buf[1] != LOP_QUOTE || y != 0 || z != 1)
1624               && non_spec_sec != NULL)
1625             {
1626               sec = non_spec_sec;
1627               vma = non_spec_vma;
1628               non_spec_sec = NULL;
1629             }
1630
1631           switch (buf[1])
1632             {
1633             default:
1634               _bfd_error_handler
1635                 /* xgettext:c-format */
1636                 (_("%B: invalid mmo file: unsupported lopcode `%d'\n"),
1637                  abfd, buf[1]);
1638               bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
1639               goto error_return;
1640
1641             case LOP_QUOTE:
1642               /* Quote the next 32-bit word.  */
1643               if (y != 0 || z != 1)
1644                 {
1645                   _bfd_error_handler
1646                     /* xgettext:c-format */
1647                     (_("%B: invalid mmo file: expected YZ = 1"
1648                        " got YZ = %d for lop_quote\n"),
1649                      abfd, y*256+z);
1650                   bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
1651                   goto error_return;
1652                 }
1653               if (bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)
1654                 goto error_return;
1655
1656               vma &= ~3;
1657               mmo_xore_32 (sec, vma, bfd_get_32 (abfd, buf));
1658               vma += 4;
1659               lineno++;
1660               break;
1661
1662             case LOP_LOC:
1663               /* Set vma (and section).  */
1664               vma = (bfd_vma) y << 56;
1665               if (z == 1)
1666                 {
1667                   /* Get a 32-bit value.  */
1668                   if (bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)
1669                     goto error_return;
1670
1671                   vma += bfd_get_32 (abfd, buf);
1672                 }
1673               else if (z == 2)
1674                 {
1675                   /* Get a 64-bit value.  */
1676                   if (bfd_bread (buf, 8, abfd) != 8)
1677                     goto error_return;
1678
1679                   vma += bfd_get_64 (abfd, buf);
1680                 }
1681               else
1682                 {
1683                   _bfd_error_handler
1684                     /* xgettext:c-format */
1685                     (_("%B: invalid mmo file: expected z = 1 or z = 2,"
1686                        " got z = %d for lop_loc\n"),
1687                      abfd, z);
1688                   bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
1689                   goto error_return;
1690                 }
1691
1692               /* When we decide which section the data goes into, we might
1693                  create the section.  If that happens, make sure the VMA at
1694                  creation time is tetra-aligned.  */
1695               sec = mmo_decide_section (abfd, vma & ~3);
1696               if (sec == NULL)
1697                 goto error_return;
1698               break;
1699
1700             case LOP_SKIP:
1701               /* Move forward within the same section.  */
1702               vma += y * 256 + z;
1703
1704               sec = mmo_decide_section (abfd, vma);
1705               if (sec == NULL)
1706                 goto error_return;
1707               break;
1708
1709             case LOP_FIXO:
1710               /* A fixup: Store the current vma somewhere.  Position using
1711                  same format as LOP_LOC.  */
1712               {
1713                 bfd_vma p = (bfd_vma) y << 56;
1714                 asection *fixosec;
1715
1716                 if (z == 1)
1717                   {
1718                     /* Get a 32-bit value.  */
1719                     if (bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)
1720                       goto error_return;
1721
1722                     p += bfd_get_32 (abfd, buf);
1723                   }
1724                 else if (z == 2)
1725                   {
1726                     /* Get a 64-bit value.  */
1727                     if (bfd_bread (buf, 8, abfd) != 8)
1728                       goto error_return;
1729
1730                     p += bfd_get_64 (abfd, buf);
1731                   }
1732                 else
1733                   {
1734                     _bfd_error_handler
1735                       /* xgettext:c-format */
1736                       (_("%B: invalid mmo file: expected z = 1 or z = 2,"
1737                          " got z = %d for lop_fixo\n"),
1738                        abfd, z);
1739                     bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
1740                     goto error_return;
1741                   }
1742
1743                 /* The section where we store this address might be a
1744                    different one than the current section.  */
1745                 fixosec = mmo_decide_section (abfd, p);
1746                 if (fixosec == NULL)
1747                   goto error_return;
1748                 mmo_xore_64 (fixosec, p, vma);
1749               }
1750             break;
1751
1752             case LOP_FIXR:
1753               /* A fixup: Store YZ of this lopcode into YZ at vma - 4 * yz.  */
1754               {
1755                 unsigned int yz = (y * 256 + z);
1756                 bfd_vma p = vma + 2 - 4 * yz;
1757                 asection *fixrsec = mmo_decide_section (abfd, p);
1758                 if (fixrsec == NULL)
1759                   goto error_return;
1760                 mmo_xore_16 (fixrsec, p, yz);
1761               }
1762             break;
1763
1764             case LOP_FIXRX:
1765               /* A fixup, similar to lop_fixr, but taking larger numbers
1766                  and can change branches into the opposite direction
1767                  (gasp!).  */
1768               {
1769                 bfd_vma delta;
1770                 bfd_vma p;
1771                 asection *fixrsec;
1772
1773                 if (y != 0)
1774                   {
1775                     _bfd_error_handler
1776                       /* xgettext:c-format */
1777                       (_("%B: invalid mmo file: expected y = 0,"
1778                          " got y = %d for lop_fixrx\n"),
1779                        abfd, y);
1780                     bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
1781                     goto error_return;
1782                   }
1783
1784                 if (z != 16 && z != 24)
1785                   {
1786                     _bfd_error_handler
1787                       /* xgettext:c-format */
1788                       (_("%B: invalid mmo file: expected z = 16 or z = 24,"
1789                          " got z = %d for lop_fixrx\n"),
1790                        abfd, z);
1791                     bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
1792                     goto error_return;
1793                   }
1794
1795                 /* Get the next 32-bit value.  */
1796                 if (bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)
1797                   goto error_return;
1798
1799                 delta = bfd_get_32 (abfd, buf);
1800
1801                 /* Do an, ehm, involved calculation for the location of
1802                    the fixup.  See mmixal documentation for a verbose
1803                    explanation.  We follow it verbosely here for the
1804                    readers delight.  */
1805                 if (buf[0] == 0)
1806                   p = vma - 4 * delta;
1807                 else if (buf[0] == 1)
1808                   p = vma - 4 * ((delta & 0xffffff) - (1 << z));
1809                 else
1810                   {
1811                     _bfd_error_handler
1812                       /* xgettext:c-format */
1813                       (_("%B: invalid mmo file: leading byte of operand word"
1814                          " must be 0 or 1, got %d for lop_fixrx\n"),
1815                        abfd, buf[0]);
1816                     bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
1817                     goto error_return;
1818                   }
1819
1820                 fixrsec = mmo_decide_section (abfd, vma);
1821                 if (fixrsec == NULL)
1822                   goto error_return;
1823                 mmo_xore_32 (fixrsec, p, delta);
1824               }
1825             break;
1826
1827             case LOP_FILE:
1828               /* Set current file and perhaps the file name.  Reset line
1829                  number.  */
1830               if (z != 0)
1831                 {
1832                   char *fname = bfd_malloc (z * 4 + 1);
1833
1834                   if (fname == NULL)
1835                     {
1836                       _bfd_error_handler
1837                         /* xgettext:c-format */
1838                         (_("%B: cannot allocate file name for file number %d,"
1839                            " %d bytes\n"),
1840                          abfd, y, z * 4 + 1);
1841                       bfd_set_error (bfd_error_system_call);
1842                       goto error_return;
1843                     }
1844
1845                   fname[z * 4] = 0;
1846
1847                   for (i = 0; i < z; i++)
1848                     {
1849                       if (bfd_bread (fname + i * 4, 4, abfd) != 4)
1850                         {
1851                           free (fname);
1852                           goto error_return;
1853                         }
1854                     }
1855
1856                   if (file_names[y] != NULL)
1857                     {
1858                       _bfd_error_handler
1859                         /* xgettext:c-format */
1860                         (_("%B: invalid mmo file: file number %d `%s',"
1861                            " was already entered as `%s'\n"),
1862                          abfd, y, fname, file_names[y]);
1863                       bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
1864                       goto error_return;
1865                     }
1866
1867                   file_names[y] = fname;
1868                 }
1869
1870               if (file_names[y] == NULL)
1871                 {
1872                   _bfd_error_handler
1873                     /* xgettext:c-format */
1874                     (_("%B: invalid mmo file: file name for number %d"
1875                        " was not specified before use\n"),
1876                      abfd, y);
1877                   bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
1878                   goto error_return;
1879                 }
1880
1881               lineno = 0;
1882               break;
1883
1884             case LOP_LINE:
1885               /* Set line number.  */
1886               lineno = y * 256 + z;
1887               /* FIXME: Create a sequence of mmo-specific line number
1888                  entries for each section, then translate into canonical
1889                  format.  */
1890               break;
1891
1892             case LOP_SPEC:
1893               /* Special data follows until the next non-lop_quote
1894                  lopcode.  */
1895               non_spec_sec = sec;
1896               non_spec_vma = vma;
1897               sec = mmo_get_spec_section (abfd, y * 256 + z);
1898               if (sec == NULL)
1899                 goto error_return;
1900
1901               vma = sec->vma;
1902               break;
1903
1904             case LOP_PRE:
1905               {
1906                 /* We ignore header information, except we read in the
1907                    creation time from the first 32-bit word with the time
1908                    in seconds since era.  */
1909                 if (z >= 1
1910                     && bfd_bread (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->created, 4,
1911                                  abfd) != 4)
1912                   goto error_return;
1913
1914                 for (i = 1; i < z; i++)
1915                   if (bfd_bread (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)
1916                     goto error_return;
1917               }
1918               break;
1919
1920             case LOP_POST:
1921               /* This tells of the contents of registers $Z..$255 at
1922                  startup.  We make a section out of it, with VMA = Z * 8,
1923                  but only if Z != 255 or the contents is non-zero.  */
1924               {
1925                 asection *rsec;
1926                 bfd_byte *loc;
1927                 bfd_vma first_octa;
1928                 bfd_vma startaddr_octa;
1929
1930                 /* Read first octaword outside loop to simplify logic when
1931                    excluding the Z == 255, octa == 0 case.  */
1932                 if (bfd_bread (buf, 8, abfd) != 8)
1933                   goto error_return;
1934
1935                 first_octa = bfd_get_64 (abfd, buf);
1936
1937                 /* Don't emit contents for the trivial case which is
1938                    always present; $255 pointing to Main.  */
1939                 if (z != 255)
1940                   {
1941                     rsec
1942                       = bfd_make_section_old_way (abfd,
1943                                                   MMIX_REG_CONTENTS_SECTION_NAME);
1944                     rsec->flags |= SEC_LINKER_CREATED;
1945                     rsec->vma = z * 8;
1946                     loc = mmo_get_loc (rsec, z * 8, (255 - z) * 8);
1947                     bfd_put_64 (abfd, first_octa, loc);
1948
1949                     for (i = z + 1; i < 255; i++)
1950                       {
1951                         if (bfd_bread (loc + (i - z) * 8, 8, abfd) != 8)
1952                           goto error_return;
1953                       }
1954
1955                     /* Read out the last octabyte, and use it to set the
1956                        start address.  */
1957                     if (bfd_bread (buf, 8, abfd) != 8)
1958                       goto error_return;
1959
1960                     startaddr_octa = bfd_get_64 (abfd, buf);
1961                   }
1962                 else
1963                   startaddr_octa = first_octa;
1964
1965                 if (! bfd_set_start_address (abfd, startaddr_octa))
1966                   {
1967                     /* Currently this can't fail, but this should handle
1968                        future failures.  */
1969                     bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
1970                     goto error_return;
1971                   }
1972               }
1973               break;
1974
1975             case LOP_STAB:
1976               /* We read in the symbols now, not later.  */
1977               if (y != 0 || z != 0)
1978                 {
1979                   _bfd_error_handler
1980                     /* xgettext:c-format */
1981                     (_("%B: invalid mmo file: fields y and z of lop_stab"
1982                        " non-zero, y: %d, z: %d\n"),
1983                      abfd, y, z);
1984                   bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
1985                   goto error_return;
1986                 }
1987
1988               /* Save the location, so we can check that YZ in the LOP_END
1989                  is correct.  */
1990               stab_loc = bfd_tell (abfd);
1991
1992               /* It's not said that an MMO can be without symbols (though
1993                  mmixal will refuse to assemble files without Main), but
1994                  it seems it would still be a valid mmo-file, so allow it.
1995                  We detect the absence of a symbol area in that the upper
1996                  limit is computed (from the lop_end YZ field) as 0.
1997                  Don't call mmo_get_symbols; it can only detect the end of
1998                  a valid symbol trie, not the absence of one.  */
1999               if (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->max_symbol_length != 0
2000                   && ! mmo_get_symbols (abfd))
2001                 goto error_return;
2002               break;
2003
2004             case LOP_END:
2005               {
2006                 /* This must be the last 32-bit word in an mmo file.
2007                    Let's find out.  */
2008                 struct stat statbuf;
2009                 file_ptr curpos = bfd_tell (abfd);
2010
2011                 if (bfd_stat (abfd, &statbuf) < 0)
2012                   goto error_return;
2013
2014                 if (statbuf.st_size != curpos)
2015                   {
2016                     _bfd_error_handler
2017                       /* xgettext:c-format */
2018                       (_("%B: invalid mmo file: lop_end not last item in"
2019                          " file\n"),
2020                        abfd);
2021                     bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
2022                     goto error_return;
2023                   }
2024
2025                 /* Check that the YZ field is right.  Subtract the size of
2026                    this LOP_END in the calculation; YZ does not include
2027                    it.  */
2028                 if ((long) (y * 256 + z) * 4 != (curpos - stab_loc) - 4)
2029                   {
2030                     _bfd_error_handler
2031                       /* xgettext:c-format */
2032                       (_("%B: invalid mmo file: YZ of lop_end (%ld)"
2033                          " not equal to the number of tetras to the preceding"
2034                          " lop_stab (%ld)\n"),
2035                        abfd, (long) (y * 256 + z),
2036                        (long) (curpos - stab_loc - 4)/4);
2037                     bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
2038                     goto error_return;
2039                   }
2040
2041                 bfd_map_over_sections (abfd, mmo_map_set_sizes, NULL);
2042                 goto done;
2043               }
2044             }
2045         }
2046       else
2047         {
2048           /* This wasn't a lopcode, so store it in the current section.  */
2049           mmo_xore_32 (sec, vma & ~3, bfd_get_32 (abfd, buf));
2050           vma += 4;
2051           vma &= ~3;
2052           lineno++;
2053         }
2054     }
2055
2056   /* We know this file is a multiple of four bytes (checked in
2057      mmo_object_p), so if we got something other than 0, this was a bad
2058      file (although it's more likely we'll get 0 in that case too).
2059      If we got end-of-file, then there was no lop_stab, so the file has
2060      invalid format.  */
2061
2062   if (nbytes_read != 0)
2063     bfd_set_error (bfd_error_system_call);
2064   else
2065     bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
2066
2067  error_return:
2068   error = TRUE;
2069  done:
2070   /* Mark the .text and .data section with their normal attribute if they
2071      contain anything.  This is not redundant wrt. mmo_decide_section,
2072      since that code might never execute, and conversely the alloc+code
2073      section flags must be set then.  */
2074   sec = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, MMO_TEXT_SECTION_NAME);
2075   if (sec != NULL
2076       && (bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec) & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS)
2077       && ! bfd_set_section_flags (abfd, sec,
2078                                   bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec)
2079                                   | SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_CODE))
2080     error = TRUE;
2081
2082   sec = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, MMO_DATA_SECTION_NAME);
2083   if (sec != NULL
2084       && (bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec) & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS)
2085       && ! bfd_set_section_flags (abfd, sec,
2086                                   bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec)
2087                                   | SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD))
2088     error = TRUE;
2089
2090   /* Free whatever resources we took.  */
2091   for (i = 0; i < sizeof (file_names) / sizeof (file_names[0]); i++)
2092     if (file_names[i])
2093       free (file_names[i]);
2094   return ! error;
2095 }
2096
2097 /* A hook to set up object file dependent section information.  For mmo,
2098    we point out the shape of allocated section contents.  */
2099
2100 static bfd_boolean
2101 mmo_new_section_hook (bfd *abfd, asection *newsect)
2102 {
2103   if (!newsect->used_by_bfd)
2104     {
2105       /* We zero-fill all fields and assume NULL is represented by an all
2106          zero-bit pattern.  */
2107       newsect->used_by_bfd
2108         = bfd_zalloc (abfd, sizeof (struct mmo_section_data_struct));
2109       if (!newsect->used_by_bfd)
2110         return FALSE;
2111     }
2112
2113   /* Always align to at least 32-bit words.  */
2114   newsect->alignment_power = 2;
2115   return _bfd_generic_new_section_hook (abfd, newsect);
2116 }
2117
2118 /* We already have section contents loaded for sections that have
2119    contents.  */
2120
2121 static bfd_boolean
2122 mmo_get_section_contents (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
2123                           asection *sec,
2124                           void * location,
2125                           file_ptr offset,
2126                           bfd_size_type bytes_to_do)
2127 {
2128   /* Iterate over diminishing chunk sizes, copying contents, like
2129      mmo_set_section_contents.  */
2130   while (bytes_to_do)
2131     {
2132       /* A minor song-and-dance to make sure we're not bitten by the
2133          distant possibility of the cast from bfd_vma to int making the
2134          chunk zero-sized.  */
2135       int chunk_size
2136         = (int) bytes_to_do != 0 ? bytes_to_do : MMO_SEC_CONTENTS_CHUNK_SIZE;
2137       bfd_byte *loc;
2138
2139       do
2140         loc = mmo_get_loc (sec, sec->vma + offset, chunk_size);
2141       while (loc == NULL && (chunk_size /= 2) != 0);
2142
2143       if (chunk_size == 0)
2144         return FALSE;
2145
2146       memcpy (location, loc, chunk_size);
2147
2148       location = (bfd_byte *) location + chunk_size;
2149       bytes_to_do -= chunk_size;
2150       offset += chunk_size;
2151     }
2152   return TRUE;
2153 }
2154
2155 /* Return the amount of memory needed to read the symbol table.  */
2156
2157 static long
2158 mmo_get_symtab_upper_bound (bfd *abfd)
2159 {
2160   return (abfd->symcount + 1) * sizeof (asymbol *);
2161 }
2162
2163 /* Sort mmo symbols by serial number.  */
2164
2165 static int
2166 mmo_sort_mmo_symbols (const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
2167 {
2168   const struct mmo_symbol *sym1 = *(const struct mmo_symbol **) arg1;
2169   const struct mmo_symbol *sym2 = *(const struct mmo_symbol **) arg2;
2170
2171   /* Sort by serial number first.  */
2172   if (sym1->serno < sym2->serno)
2173     return -1;
2174   else if (sym1->serno > sym2->serno)
2175     return 1;
2176
2177   /* Then sort by address of the table entries.  */
2178   return ((const char *) arg1 - (const char *) arg2);
2179 }
2180
2181 /* Translate the symbol table.  */
2182
2183 static long
2184 mmo_canonicalize_symtab (bfd *abfd, asymbol **alocation)
2185 {
2186   unsigned int symcount = bfd_get_symcount (abfd);
2187   asymbol *csymbols;
2188   unsigned int i;
2189
2190   csymbols = abfd->tdata.mmo_data->csymbols;
2191   if (csymbols == NULL && symcount != 0)
2192     {
2193       asymbol *c;
2194       struct mmo_symbol *s;
2195       struct mmo_symbol **msp;
2196
2197       /* First we store the symbols into the table we'll return, then we
2198          qsort it on the serial number, with secondary on the address of
2199          the symbol, to preserve order if there would be non-unique serial
2200          numbers.  */
2201       for (s = abfd->tdata.mmo_data->symbols,
2202              msp = (struct mmo_symbol **) alocation;
2203            s != NULL;
2204            s = s->next, ++msp)
2205         *msp = s;
2206
2207       *msp = NULL;
2208
2209       qsort (alocation, symcount, sizeof (struct mmo_symbol *),
2210              mmo_sort_mmo_symbols);
2211
2212       csymbols = (asymbol *) bfd_alloc (abfd, symcount * sizeof (asymbol));
2213       if (csymbols == NULL)
2214         return -1;
2215       abfd->tdata.mmo_data->csymbols = csymbols;
2216
2217       for (msp = (struct mmo_symbol **) alocation, c = csymbols;
2218            *msp != NULL;
2219            msp++, ++c)
2220         {
2221           s = *msp;
2222           c->the_bfd = abfd;
2223           c->name = s->name;
2224           c->value = s->value;
2225           c->flags = BSF_GLOBAL;
2226
2227           if (s->sym_type == mmo_data_sym)
2228             {
2229               c->section
2230                 = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, MMO_DATA_SECTION_NAME);
2231
2232               if (c->section == NULL)
2233                 c->section = bfd_abs_section_ptr;
2234               else
2235                 c->value -= c->section->vma;
2236             }
2237           else if (s->sym_type == mmo_undef_sym)
2238             c->section = bfd_und_section_ptr;
2239           else if (s->sym_type == mmo_reg_sym)
2240             {
2241               c->section
2242                 = bfd_make_section_old_way (abfd, MMIX_REG_SECTION_NAME);
2243               c->section->flags |= SEC_LINKER_CREATED;
2244             }
2245           else
2246             {
2247               asection *textsec
2248                 = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, MMO_TEXT_SECTION_NAME);
2249               asection *datasec;
2250
2251               if (textsec != NULL
2252                   && c->value >= textsec->vma
2253                   && c->value <= textsec->vma + textsec->size)
2254                 {
2255                   c->section = textsec;
2256                   c->value -= c->section->vma;
2257                 }
2258               /* In mmo, symbol types depend on the VMA.  Therefore, if
2259                  the data section isn't within the usual bounds, its
2260                  symbols are marked as absolute.  Correct that.  This
2261                  means we can't have absolute symbols with values matching
2262                  data section addresses, but we also can't have with
2263                  absolute symbols with values matching text section
2264                  addresses.  For such needs, use the ELF format.  */
2265               else if ((datasec
2266                         = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd,
2267                                                    MMO_DATA_SECTION_NAME))
2268                        != NULL
2269                        && c->value >= datasec->vma
2270                        && c->value <= datasec->vma + datasec->size)
2271                 {
2272                   c->section = datasec;
2273                   c->value -= c->section->vma;
2274                 }
2275               else
2276                 c->section = bfd_abs_section_ptr;
2277             }
2278
2279           c->udata.p = NULL;
2280         }
2281     }
2282
2283   /* Last, overwrite the incoming table with the right-type entries.  */
2284   for (i = 0; i < symcount; i++)
2285     *alocation++ = csymbols++;
2286   *alocation = NULL;
2287
2288   return symcount;
2289 }
2290
2291 /* Get information about a symbol.  */
2292
2293 static void
2294 mmo_get_symbol_info (bfd *ignore_abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
2295                      asymbol *symbol, symbol_info *ret)
2296 {
2297   bfd_symbol_info (symbol, ret);
2298 }
2299
2300 static void
2301 mmo_print_symbol (bfd *abfd, void *afile, asymbol *symbol,
2302                   bfd_print_symbol_type how)
2303 {
2304   FILE *file = (FILE *) afile;
2305
2306   switch (how)
2307     {
2308     case bfd_print_symbol_name:
2309       fprintf (file, "%s", symbol->name);
2310       break;
2311     default:
2312       bfd_print_symbol_vandf (abfd, file, symbol);
2313
2314       fprintf (file, " %-5s %s",
2315                symbol->section->name,
2316                symbol->name);
2317     }
2318 }
2319
2320 /* We can't map a file directly into executable code, so the
2321    size of header information is irrelevant.  */
2322
2323 static int
2324 mmo_sizeof_headers (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
2325                     struct bfd_link_info *info ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
2326 {
2327   return 0;
2328 }
2329
2330 /* Write the (section-neutral) file preamble.  */
2331
2332 static bfd_boolean
2333 mmo_internal_write_header (bfd *abfd)
2334 {
2335   const char lop_pre_bfd[] = { LOP, LOP_PRE, 1, 1};
2336
2337   if (bfd_bwrite (lop_pre_bfd, 4, abfd) != 4)
2338     return FALSE;
2339
2340   /* Copy creation time of original file.  */
2341   if (bfd_bwrite (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->created, 4, abfd) != 4)
2342     return FALSE;
2343
2344   return TRUE;
2345 }
2346
2347 /* Write the LOP_POST record, with global register initializations.
2348    Z is the Z field of the LOP_POST, corresponding to 255 - number of
2349    registers at DATA.  The Z = 255 field is filled in with the
2350    start-address.  */
2351
2352 static bfd_boolean
2353 mmo_internal_write_post (bfd *abfd, int z, asection *sec)
2354 {
2355   int i;
2356   bfd_byte buf[8];
2357   mmo_write_tetra_raw (abfd, (LOP << 24) | (LOP_POST << 16) | z);
2358
2359   for (i = z; i < 255; i++)
2360     {
2361       bfd_byte *data = mmo_get_loc (sec, i * 8, 8);
2362
2363       if (bfd_bwrite (data, 8, abfd) != 8)
2364         return FALSE;
2365     }
2366
2367   /* For Z == $255, we always emit the start location; supposedly Main,
2368      but we have it handy at bfd_get_start_address.  If we're called with
2369      Z == 255, don't assume DATA is valid.  */
2370   bfd_put_64 (abfd, bfd_get_start_address (abfd), buf);
2371
2372   return ! abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error && bfd_bwrite (buf, 8, abfd) == 8;
2373 }
2374
2375 /* Translate to and from BFD flags.  This is to make sure that we don't
2376    get bitten by BFD flag number changes.  */
2377
2378 static flagword
2379 mmo_sec_flags_from_bfd_flags (flagword flags)
2380 {
2381   flagword oflags = 0;
2382
2383   if (flags & SEC_ALLOC)
2384     oflags |= MMO_SEC_ALLOC;
2385   if (flags & SEC_LOAD)
2386     oflags |= MMO_SEC_LOAD;
2387   if (flags & SEC_RELOC)
2388     oflags |= MMO_SEC_RELOC;
2389   if (flags & SEC_READONLY)
2390     oflags |= MMO_SEC_READONLY;
2391   if (flags & SEC_CODE)
2392     oflags |= MMO_SEC_CODE;
2393   if (flags & SEC_DATA)
2394     oflags |= MMO_SEC_DATA;
2395   if (flags & SEC_NEVER_LOAD)
2396     oflags |= MMO_SEC_NEVER_LOAD;
2397   if (flags & SEC_IS_COMMON)
2398     oflags |= MMO_SEC_IS_COMMON;
2399   if (flags & SEC_DEBUGGING)
2400     oflags |= MMO_SEC_DEBUGGING;
2401
2402   return oflags;
2403 }
2404
2405 static flagword
2406 bfd_sec_flags_from_mmo_flags (flagword flags)
2407 {
2408   flagword oflags = 0;
2409
2410   if (flags & MMO_SEC_ALLOC)
2411     oflags |= SEC_ALLOC;
2412   if (flags & MMO_SEC_LOAD)
2413     oflags |= SEC_LOAD;
2414   if (flags & MMO_SEC_RELOC)
2415     oflags |= SEC_RELOC;
2416   if (flags & MMO_SEC_READONLY)
2417     oflags |= SEC_READONLY;
2418   if (flags & MMO_SEC_CODE)
2419     oflags |= SEC_CODE;
2420   if (flags & MMO_SEC_DATA)
2421     oflags |= SEC_DATA;
2422   if (flags & MMO_SEC_NEVER_LOAD)
2423     oflags |= SEC_NEVER_LOAD;
2424   if (flags & MMO_SEC_IS_COMMON)
2425     oflags |= SEC_IS_COMMON;
2426   if (flags & MMO_SEC_DEBUGGING)
2427     oflags |= SEC_DEBUGGING;
2428
2429   return oflags;
2430 }
2431
2432 /* Return TRUE iff the leading or trailing tetrabyte in SEC is defined and
2433    is 0.  */
2434
2435 static bfd_boolean
2436 mmo_has_leading_or_trailing_zero_tetra_p (bfd *abfd, asection *sec)
2437 {
2438   bfd_vma secaddr = bfd_get_section_vma (abfd, sec);
2439
2440   if (sec->size < 4)
2441     return FALSE;
2442
2443   if (bfd_get_32 (abfd, mmo_get_loc (sec, secaddr, 4)) == 0
2444       && bfd_get_32 (abfd,
2445                      mmo_get_loc (sec, secaddr + sec->size - 4, 4)) == 0)
2446     return TRUE;
2447
2448   return FALSE;
2449 }
2450
2451 /* Write a section.  */
2452
2453 static bfd_boolean
2454 mmo_internal_write_section (bfd *abfd, asection *sec)
2455 {
2456   /* We do it differently depending on what section this is:
2457
2458    ".text": Output, prepended by information about the first source file
2459    (not yet implemented.)
2460
2461    ".data": Output.
2462
2463    (".MMIX.reg_contents": Not handled here.)
2464
2465    Anything else: Output inside a lop_spec 80, in the format described
2466    above.  */
2467
2468   if (strcmp (sec->name, MMO_TEXT_SECTION_NAME) == 0)
2469     {
2470       bfd_vma secaddr = bfd_get_section_vma (abfd, sec);
2471
2472       /* Because leading and trailing zeros are omitted in output, we need to
2473          specify the section boundaries so they're correct when the file
2474          is read in again.  That's also the case if this section is
2475          specified as not within its usual boundaries or alignments.  */
2476       if (sec->size != 0
2477           && (secaddr + sec->size >= (bfd_vma) 1 << 56
2478               || (secaddr & 3) != 0
2479               || (sec->size & 3) != 0
2480               || mmo_has_leading_or_trailing_zero_tetra_p (abfd, sec)))
2481         {
2482           if (!mmo_write_section_description (abfd, sec))
2483             return FALSE;
2484         }
2485
2486       /* FIXME: Output source file name and line number.  */
2487       return mmo_write_loc_chunk_list (abfd, mmo_section_data (sec)->head);
2488     }
2489   else if (strcmp (sec->name, MMO_DATA_SECTION_NAME) == 0)
2490     {
2491       bfd_vma secaddr = bfd_get_section_vma (abfd, sec);
2492
2493       /* Same goes as for MMO_TEXT_SECTION_NAME above.  */
2494       if (sec->size != 0
2495           && (secaddr < (bfd_vma) 0x20 << 56
2496               || secaddr + sec->size >= (bfd_vma) 0x21 << 56
2497               || (secaddr & 3) != 0
2498               || (sec->size & 3) != 0
2499               || mmo_has_leading_or_trailing_zero_tetra_p (abfd, sec)))
2500         {
2501           if (!mmo_write_section_description (abfd, sec))
2502             return FALSE;
2503         }
2504
2505       return mmo_write_loc_chunk_list (abfd, mmo_section_data (sec)->head);
2506     }
2507   else if (strcmp (sec->name, MMIX_REG_CONTENTS_SECTION_NAME) == 0)
2508     /* Not handled here.  */
2509     {
2510       /* This would normally be an abort call since this can't happen, but
2511          we don't do that.  */
2512       bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
2513       return FALSE;
2514     }
2515   else if (CONST_STRNEQ (sec->name, MMIX_OTHER_SPEC_SECTION_PREFIX))
2516     {
2517       int n = atoi (sec->name + strlen (MMIX_OTHER_SPEC_SECTION_PREFIX));
2518
2519       mmo_write_tetra_raw (abfd, (LOP << 24) | (LOP_SPEC << 16) | n);
2520       return (! abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error
2521               && mmo_write_chunk_list (abfd, mmo_section_data (sec)->head));
2522     }
2523   /* Ignore sections that are just allocated or empty; we write out
2524      _contents_ here.  */
2525   else if ((bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec) & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS) != 0
2526            && sec->size != 0)
2527     {
2528       if (!mmo_write_section_description (abfd, sec))
2529         return FALSE;
2530
2531       /* Writing a LOP_LOC ends the LOP_SPEC data, and makes data actually
2532          loaded.  */
2533       if (bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec) & SEC_LOAD)
2534         return (! abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error
2535                 && mmo_write_loc_chunk_list (abfd,
2536                                          mmo_section_data (sec)->head));
2537       return (! abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error
2538               && mmo_write_chunk_list (abfd, mmo_section_data (sec)->head));
2539     }
2540
2541   /* Some section without contents.  */
2542   return TRUE;
2543 }
2544
2545 /* Write the description of a section, extended-mmo-style.  */
2546
2547 static bfd_boolean
2548 mmo_write_section_description (bfd *abfd, asection *sec)
2549 {
2550   /* Keep the following document-comment formatted the way it is.  */
2551 /*
2552 INODE
2553 mmo section mapping, , Symbol-table, mmo
2554 SUBSECTION
2555         mmo section mapping
2556
2557         The implementation in BFD uses special data type 80 (decimal) to
2558         encapsulate and describe named sections, containing e.g.@: debug
2559         information.  If needed, any datum in the encapsulation will be
2560         quoted using lop_quote.  First comes a 32-bit word holding the
2561         number of 32-bit words containing the zero-terminated zero-padded
2562         segment name.  After the name there's a 32-bit word holding flags
2563         describing the section type.  Then comes a 64-bit big-endian word
2564         with the section length (in bytes), then another with the section
2565         start address.  Depending on the type of section, the contents
2566         might follow, zero-padded to 32-bit boundary.  For a loadable
2567         section (such as data or code), the contents might follow at some
2568         later point, not necessarily immediately, as a lop_loc with the
2569         same start address as in the section description, followed by the
2570         contents.  This in effect forms a descriptor that must be emitted
2571         before the actual contents.  Sections described this way must not
2572         overlap.
2573
2574         For areas that don't have such descriptors, synthetic sections are
2575         formed by BFD.  Consecutive contents in the two memory areas
2576         @samp{0x0000@dots{}00} to @samp{0x01ff@dots{}ff} and
2577         @samp{0x2000@dots{}00} to @samp{0x20ff@dots{}ff} are entered in
2578         sections named <<.text>> and <<.data>> respectively.  If an area
2579         is not otherwise described, but would together with a neighboring
2580         lower area be less than @samp{0x40000000} bytes long, it is joined
2581         with the lower area and the gap is zero-filled.  For other cases,
2582         a new section is formed, named <<.MMIX.sec.@var{n}>>.  Here,
2583         @var{n} is a number, a running count through the mmo file,
2584         starting at 0.
2585
2586 EXAMPLE
2587         A loadable section specified as:
2588
2589 | .section secname,"ax"
2590 | TETRA 1,2,3,4,-1,-2009
2591 | BYTE 80
2592
2593         and linked to address @samp{0x4}, is represented by the sequence:
2594
2595 | 0x98080050 - lop_spec 80
2596 | 0x00000002 - two 32-bit words for the section name
2597 | 0x7365636e - "secn"
2598 | 0x616d6500 - "ame\0"
2599 | 0x00000033 - flags CODE, READONLY, LOAD, ALLOC
2600 | 0x00000000 - high 32 bits of section length
2601 | 0x0000001c - section length is 28 bytes; 6 * 4 + 1 + alignment to 32 bits
2602 | 0x00000000 - high 32 bits of section address
2603 | 0x00000004 - section address is 4
2604 | 0x98010002 - 64 bits with address of following data
2605 | 0x00000000 - high 32 bits of address
2606 | 0x00000004 - low 32 bits: data starts at address 4
2607 | 0x00000001 - 1
2608 | 0x00000002 - 2
2609 | 0x00000003 - 3
2610 | 0x00000004 - 4
2611 | 0xffffffff - -1
2612 | 0xfffff827 - -2009
2613 | 0x50000000 - 80 as a byte, padded with zeros.
2614
2615         Note that the lop_spec wrapping does not include the section
2616         contents.  Compare this to a non-loaded section specified as:
2617
2618 | .section thirdsec
2619 | TETRA 200001,100002
2620 | BYTE 38,40
2621
2622         This, when linked to address @samp{0x200000000000001c}, is
2623         represented by:
2624
2625 | 0x98080050 - lop_spec 80
2626 | 0x00000002 - two 32-bit words for the section name
2627 | 0x7365636e - "thir"
2628 | 0x616d6500 - "dsec"
2629 | 0x00000010 - flag READONLY
2630 | 0x00000000 - high 32 bits of section length
2631 | 0x0000000c - section length is 12 bytes; 2 * 4 + 2 + alignment to 32 bits
2632 | 0x20000000 - high 32 bits of address
2633 | 0x0000001c - low 32 bits of address 0x200000000000001c
2634 | 0x00030d41 - 200001
2635 | 0x000186a2 - 100002
2636 | 0x26280000 - 38, 40 as bytes, padded with zeros
2637
2638         For the latter example, the section contents must not be
2639         loaded in memory, and is therefore specified as part of the
2640         special data.  The address is usually unimportant but might
2641         provide information for e.g.@: the DWARF 2 debugging format.  */
2642
2643   mmo_write_tetra_raw (abfd, LOP_SPEC_SECTION);
2644   mmo_write_tetra (abfd, (strlen (sec->name) + 3) / 4);
2645   mmo_write_chunk (abfd, (bfd_byte *) sec->name, strlen (sec->name));
2646   mmo_flush_chunk (abfd);
2647   /* FIXME: We can get debug sections (.debug_line & Co.) with a section
2648      flag still having SEC_RELOC set.  Investigate.  This might be true
2649      for all alien sections; perhaps mmo.em should clear that flag.  Might
2650      be related to weak references.  */
2651   mmo_write_tetra (abfd,
2652                    mmo_sec_flags_from_bfd_flags
2653                    (bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec)));
2654   mmo_write_octa (abfd, sec->size);
2655   mmo_write_octa (abfd, bfd_get_section_vma (abfd, sec));
2656   return TRUE;
2657 }
2658
2659 /* We save up all data before output.  */
2660
2661 static bfd_boolean
2662 mmo_set_section_contents (bfd *abfd ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, sec_ptr sec,
2663                           const void *location, file_ptr offset,
2664                           bfd_size_type bytes_to_do)
2665 {
2666   /* Iterate over diminishing chunk sizes, copying contents.  */
2667   while (bytes_to_do)
2668     {
2669       /* A minor song-and-dance to make sure we're not bitten by the
2670          distant possibility of the cast from bfd_vma to int making the
2671          chunk zero-sized.  */
2672       int chunk_size
2673         = (int) bytes_to_do != 0 ? bytes_to_do : MMO_SEC_CONTENTS_CHUNK_SIZE;
2674       bfd_byte *loc;
2675
2676       do
2677         loc = mmo_get_loc (sec, sec->vma + offset, chunk_size);
2678       while (loc == NULL && (chunk_size /= 2) != 0);
2679
2680       if (chunk_size == 0)
2681         return FALSE;
2682
2683       memcpy (loc, location, chunk_size);
2684
2685       location = (bfd_byte *) location + chunk_size;
2686       bytes_to_do -= chunk_size;
2687       offset += chunk_size;
2688     }
2689   return TRUE;
2690 }
2691
2692 /* Add a symbol to a trie-tree.  */
2693
2694 static bfd_boolean
2695 mmo_internal_add_3_sym (bfd *abfd, struct mmo_symbol_trie *rootp,
2696                         const struct mmo_symbol *symp)
2697 {
2698   const char *name = symp->name;
2699   struct mmo_symbol_trie *trie = rootp;
2700   struct mmo_symbol_trie **triep = NULL;
2701
2702   while (*name && trie != NULL)
2703     {
2704       if (*name < trie->symchar)
2705         {
2706           triep = &trie->left;
2707           trie = trie->left;
2708         }
2709       else if (*name > trie->symchar)
2710         {
2711           triep = &trie->right;
2712           trie = trie->right;
2713         }
2714       else if (*name == trie->symchar)
2715         {
2716           triep = &trie->middle;
2717           name++;
2718
2719           /* Make sure "trie" points to where we should fill in the
2720              current symbol whenever we've iterated through "name".  We
2721              would lose the right position if we encounter "foobar" then
2722              "foo".  */
2723           if (*name)
2724             trie = trie->middle;
2725         }
2726     }
2727
2728   while (*name != 0)
2729     {
2730       /* Create middle branches for the rest of the characters.  */
2731       trie = bfd_zalloc (abfd, sizeof (struct mmo_symbol_trie));
2732       *triep = trie;
2733       trie->symchar = *name++;
2734       triep = &trie->middle;
2735     }
2736
2737   /* We discover a duplicate symbol rather late in the process, but still;
2738      we discover it and bail out.  */
2739   if (trie->sym.name != NULL)
2740     {
2741       _bfd_error_handler
2742         /* xgettext:c-format */
2743         (_("%B: invalid symbol table: duplicate symbol `%s'\n"),
2744          abfd, trie->sym.name);
2745       bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
2746       return FALSE;
2747     }
2748
2749   memcpy (&trie->sym, symp, sizeof *symp);
2750   return TRUE;
2751 }
2752
2753 /* Find out the length of the serialized version of a trie in bytes.  */
2754
2755 static unsigned int
2756 mmo_internal_3_length (bfd *abfd, struct mmo_symbol_trie *trie)
2757 {
2758   /* First, one for the control byte.  */
2759   unsigned int length = 1;
2760
2761   if (trie == NULL)
2762     return 0;
2763
2764   /* Add in the recursion to the left.  */
2765   length += mmo_internal_3_length (abfd, trie->left);
2766
2767   /* Add in the middle trie and the character.  */
2768   length += 1 + mmo_internal_3_length (abfd, trie->middle);
2769
2770   /* Add in the recursion to the right.  */
2771   length += mmo_internal_3_length (abfd, trie->right);
2772
2773   /* Add in bytes for the symbol (if this is an endnode). */
2774   if (trie->sym.name != NULL)
2775     {
2776       unsigned int serno = trie->sym.serno;
2777
2778       /* First what it takes to encode the value. */
2779       if (trie->sym.sym_type == mmo_reg_sym)
2780         length++;
2781       else if (trie->sym.sym_type == mmo_undef_sym)
2782         length += 2;
2783       else
2784         {
2785           bfd_vma value = trie->sym.value;
2786
2787           /* Coded in one to eight following bytes.  */
2788           if (trie->sym.sym_type == mmo_data_sym)
2789             value -= (bfd_vma) 0x20 << 56;
2790
2791           do
2792             {
2793               value >>= 8;
2794               length++;
2795             }
2796           while (value != 0);
2797         }
2798
2799       /* Find out what it takes to encode the serial number.  */
2800       do
2801         {
2802           serno >>= 7;
2803           length++;
2804         }
2805       while (serno != 0);
2806     }
2807
2808   return length;
2809 }
2810
2811 /* Helper function for outputting the serial number of a symbol, output as
2812    a variant of leb128 (see dwarf2 documentation) which could be called
2813    beb128.  Using a helper function and recursion simplifies debugging.  */
2814
2815 static void
2816 mmo_beb128_out (bfd *abfd, int serno, int marker)
2817 {
2818   if (serno & ~0x7f)
2819     mmo_beb128_out (abfd, serno >> 7, 0);
2820   mmo_write_byte (abfd, marker | (serno & 0x7f));
2821 }
2822
2823 /* Serialize a trie.  */
2824
2825 static void
2826 mmo_internal_3_dump (bfd *abfd, struct mmo_symbol_trie *trie)
2827 {
2828   bfd_byte control = 0;
2829
2830   if (trie == NULL)
2831     return;
2832
2833   if (trie->left)
2834     control |= MMO3_LEFT;
2835
2836   if (trie->middle)
2837     control |= MMO3_MIDDLE;
2838
2839   if (trie->right)
2840     control |= MMO3_RIGHT;
2841
2842   if (trie->sym.name != NULL)
2843     {
2844       /* Encode the symbol type and length of value bytes.  */
2845       if (trie->sym.sym_type == mmo_reg_sym)
2846         control |= MMO3_REGQUAL_BITS;
2847       else if (trie->sym.sym_type == mmo_undef_sym)
2848         control |= MMO3_UNDEF;
2849       else
2850         {
2851           bfd_vma value = trie->sym.value;
2852
2853           /* Coded in 1..8 following bytes.  */
2854           if (trie->sym.sym_type == mmo_data_sym)
2855             {
2856               control |= MMO3_DATA;
2857               value -= (bfd_vma) 0x20 << 56;
2858             }
2859
2860           do
2861             {
2862               value >>= 8;
2863               control++;
2864             }
2865           while (value != 0);
2866         }
2867     }
2868
2869   /* The control byte is output before recursing.  */
2870   mmo_write_byte (abfd, control);
2871
2872   mmo_internal_3_dump (abfd, trie->left);
2873
2874   if (control & MMO3_SYMBITS)
2875     {
2876       mmo_write_byte (abfd, trie->symchar);
2877
2878       if (trie->sym.name != NULL)
2879         {
2880           if (trie->sym.sym_type == mmo_reg_sym)
2881             mmo_write_byte (abfd, trie->sym.value);
2882           else if (trie->sym.sym_type == mmo_undef_sym)
2883             {
2884               mmo_write_byte (abfd, 0);
2885               mmo_write_byte (abfd, 0);
2886             }
2887           else
2888             {
2889               bfd_vma value = trie->sym.value;
2890
2891               bfd_byte byte_n = control & 15;
2892
2893               /* Coded in 1..8 following bytes.  Note that the value is
2894                  shifted out big-endian.  */
2895               if (trie->sym.sym_type == mmo_data_sym)
2896                 {
2897                   value -= (bfd_vma) 0x20 << 56;
2898                   byte_n -= 8;
2899                 }
2900
2901               do
2902                 {
2903                   mmo_write_byte (abfd, (value >> ((byte_n - 1) * 8)) & 0xff);
2904                   byte_n--;
2905                 }
2906               while (byte_n != 0);
2907             }
2908
2909           mmo_beb128_out (abfd, trie->sym.serno, 128);
2910         }
2911       mmo_internal_3_dump (abfd, trie->middle);
2912     }
2913   mmo_internal_3_dump (abfd, trie->right);
2914 }
2915
2916 /* Write symbols in mmo format.  Also write the lop_end terminator.  */
2917
2918 static bfd_boolean
2919 mmo_write_symbols_and_terminator (bfd *abfd)
2920 {
2921   int count = bfd_get_symcount (abfd);
2922   asymbol **table;
2923   asymbol **orig_table = bfd_get_outsymbols (abfd);
2924   int serno;
2925   struct mmo_symbol_trie root;
2926   int trie_len;
2927   int i;
2928   bfd_byte buf[4];
2929
2930   /* Create a symbol for "Main".  */
2931   asymbol *fakemain = bfd_make_empty_symbol (abfd);
2932
2933   fakemain->flags = BSF_GLOBAL;
2934   fakemain->value = bfd_get_start_address (abfd);
2935   fakemain->name = MMIX_START_SYMBOL_NAME;
2936   fakemain->section = bfd_abs_section_ptr;
2937
2938   memset (&root, 0, sizeof (root));
2939
2940   /* Make all symbols take a left turn.  */
2941   root.symchar = 0xff;
2942
2943   /* There must always be a ":Main", so we'll add one if there are no
2944      symbols.  Make sure we have room for it.  */
2945   table = bfd_alloc (abfd, (count + 1) * sizeof (asymbol *));
2946   if (table == NULL)
2947     return FALSE;
2948
2949   memcpy (table, orig_table, count * sizeof (asymbol *));
2950
2951   /* Move :Main (if there is one) to the first position.  This is
2952      necessary to get the same layout of the trie-tree when linking as
2953      when objcopying the result as in the objcopy.exp test "simple objcopy
2954      of executable".  It also automatically takes care of assigning serial
2955      number 1 to :Main (as is mandatory).  */
2956   for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
2957     if (table[i] != NULL
2958         && strcmp (table[i]->name, MMIX_START_SYMBOL_NAME) == 0
2959         && (table[i]->flags & (BSF_DEBUGGING|BSF_GLOBAL)) == BSF_GLOBAL)
2960       {
2961         asymbol *mainsym = table[i];
2962         bfd_vma mainvalue
2963           = (mainsym->value
2964              + mainsym->section->output_section->vma
2965              + mainsym->section->output_offset);
2966         memcpy (table + 1, orig_table, i * sizeof (asymbol *));
2967         table[0] = mainsym;
2968
2969         /* Check that the value assigned to :Main is the same as the entry
2970            address.  The default linker script asserts this.  This is as
2971            good a place as any to check this consistency. */
2972         if (mainvalue != bfd_get_start_address (abfd)
2973             && !mmo_ignore_symbol_consistency (abfd))
2974           {
2975             /* Arbitrary buffer to hold the printable representation of a
2976                vma.  */
2977             char vmas_main[40];
2978             char vmas_start[40];
2979             bfd_vma vma_start = bfd_get_start_address (abfd);
2980
2981             sprintf_vma (vmas_main, mainvalue);
2982             sprintf_vma (vmas_start, vma_start);
2983
2984             _bfd_error_handler
2985               /* xgettext:c-format */
2986               (_("%B: Bad symbol definition: `Main' set to %s rather"
2987                  " than the start address %s\n"),
2988                abfd, vmas_main, vmas_start);
2989             bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
2990             return FALSE;
2991           }
2992         break;
2993       }
2994   if (i == count && count != 0)
2995     {
2996       /* When there are symbols, there must be a :Main.  There was no
2997          :Main, so we need to add it manually.  */
2998       memcpy (table + 1, orig_table, count * sizeof (asymbol *));
2999       table[0] = fakemain;
3000       count++;
3001     }
3002
3003   /* Don't bother inspecting symbols in plugin dummy objects; their
3004      symbols aren't fully inspectable.  */
3005   if ((abfd->flags & BFD_PLUGIN) == 0)
3006     {
3007       for (i = 0, serno = 1; i < count && table[i] != NULL; i++)
3008         {
3009           asymbol *s = table[i];
3010
3011           /* It's not enough to consult bfd_is_local_label, since it does not
3012              mean "local" in the sense of linkable-and-observable-after-link.
3013              Let's just check the BSF_GLOBAL flag.
3014
3015              Also, don't export symbols with characters not in the
3016              allowed set.  */
3017           if ((s->flags & (BSF_DEBUGGING|BSF_GLOBAL)) == BSF_GLOBAL
3018               && strspn (s->name,
3019                          valid_mmo_symbol_character_set) == strlen (s->name))
3020             {
3021               struct mmo_symbol sym;
3022               memset (&sym, 0, sizeof (sym));
3023
3024               /* Need to strip const here; strdup:ing would leak and the
3025                  existing string must be safe to reuse.  */
3026               sym.name = (char *) s->name;
3027               sym.value =
3028                 s->value
3029                 + s->section->output_section->vma
3030                 + s->section->output_offset;
3031
3032               if (bfd_is_und_section (s->section))
3033                 sym.sym_type = mmo_undef_sym;
3034               else if (strcmp (s->section->name, MMO_DATA_SECTION_NAME) == 0
3035                        /* The encoding of data symbols require that the "rest"
3036                           of the value fits in 6 bytes, so the upper two bytes
3037                           must be 0x2000.  All other symbols get to be the
3038                           absolute type.  */
3039                        && (sym.value >> 48) == 0x2000)
3040                 sym.sym_type = mmo_data_sym;
3041               else if (strcmp (s->section->name, MMIX_REG_SECTION_NAME) == 0)
3042                 sym.sym_type = mmo_reg_sym;
3043               else if (strcmp (s->section->name,
3044                                MMIX_REG_CONTENTS_SECTION_NAME) == 0)
3045                 {
3046                   sym.sym_type = mmo_reg_sym;
3047                   sym.value /= 8;
3048                 }
3049               else
3050                 sym.sym_type = mmo_abs_sym;
3051
3052               /* FIXME: We assume the order of the received symbols is an
3053                  ordered mapping of the serial numbers.  This is not
3054                  necessarily true if we e.g. objcopy a mmo file to another and
3055                  there are gaps in the numbering.  Not sure if this can
3056                  happen.  Not sure what to do.  */
3057               sym.serno = serno++;
3058
3059               if (! mmo_internal_add_3_sym (abfd, &root, &sym))
3060                 return FALSE;
3061             }
3062         }
3063     }
3064
3065   /* Change the root node to be a ":"-prefix.  */
3066   root.symchar = ':';
3067   root.middle = root.left;
3068   root.right = NULL;
3069   root.left = NULL;
3070
3071   /* We have to find out if we can fit the whole symbol table in the mmo
3072      symtab.  It would be bad to assume we can always fit it in 262144
3073      bytes.  If we can't, just leave the Main symbol.  */
3074   trie_len = (mmo_internal_3_length (abfd, &root) + 3)/4;
3075
3076   if (trie_len > 0xffff)
3077     {
3078       /* Test this code by using a lower limit in the test above and check
3079          that the single "Main" symbol is emitted and handled properly.
3080          There's no specific test-case.  */
3081       struct mmo_symbol sym;
3082
3083       _bfd_error_handler
3084         /* xgettext:c-format */
3085         (_("%B: warning: symbol table too large for mmo, larger than 65535"
3086            " 32-bit words: %d.  Only `Main' will be emitted.\n"),
3087          abfd, trie_len);
3088
3089       memset (&sym, 0, sizeof (sym));
3090       sym.sym_type = mmo_abs_sym;
3091       sym.name = MMIX_START_SYMBOL_NAME;
3092       sym.serno = 1;
3093       sym.value = bfd_get_start_address (abfd);
3094
3095       /* Then patch up a symbol table to be just the ":Main" symbol.  */
3096       memset (&root, 0, sizeof (root));
3097       root.left = root.middle;
3098       root.symchar = 0xff;
3099       root.middle = NULL;
3100       root.right = NULL;
3101
3102       if (! mmo_internal_add_3_sym (abfd, &root, &sym))
3103         return FALSE;
3104
3105       root.symchar = ':';
3106       root.middle = root.left;
3107       root.right = NULL;
3108       root.left = NULL;
3109
3110       trie_len = (mmo_internal_3_length (abfd, &root) + 3)/4;
3111     }
3112
3113   /* Reset the written-bytes counter.  */
3114   abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no = 0;
3115
3116   /* Put out the lop_stab mark.  */
3117   bfd_put_32 (abfd, (LOP << 24) | (LOP_STAB << 16), buf);
3118   if (bfd_bwrite (buf, 4, abfd) != 4)
3119     return FALSE;
3120
3121   /* Dump out symbols.  */
3122   mmo_internal_3_dump (abfd, &root);
3123
3124   if (trie_len != (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no + 3)/4)
3125     {
3126       /* I haven't seen this trig.  It seems no use claiming this case
3127          isn't debugged and abort if we get here.  Instead emit a
3128          diagnostic and fail "normally".  */
3129       _bfd_error_handler
3130         /* xgettext:c-format */
3131         (_("%B: internal error, symbol table changed size from %d to %d"
3132            " words\n"),
3133          abfd, trie_len,
3134          (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no + 3)/4);
3135       bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
3136       return FALSE;
3137     }
3138
3139   /* Dump out remaining bytes in the buffer and handle I/O errors by
3140      propagating errors.  */
3141   if ((abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no % 4) != 0
3142       || abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error)
3143     {
3144       memset (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->buf + (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no % 4),
3145               0, 4 - (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->byte_no % 4));
3146
3147       if (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->have_error
3148           || bfd_bwrite (abfd->tdata.mmo_data->buf, 4, abfd) != 4)
3149         return FALSE;
3150     }
3151
3152   bfd_put_32 (abfd, (LOP << 24) | (LOP_END << 16) | trie_len, buf);
3153   return bfd_bwrite (buf, 4, abfd) == 4;
3154 }
3155
3156 /* Write section unless it is the register contents section.  For that, we
3157    instead store the section in the supplied pointer.  This function is
3158    used through bfd_map_over_sections.  */
3159
3160 static void
3161 mmo_write_section_unless_reg_contents (bfd *abfd, asection *sec, void *p)
3162 {
3163   struct mmo_write_sec_info *infop = (struct mmo_write_sec_info *) p;
3164
3165   if (! infop->retval)
3166     return;
3167
3168   if (strcmp (sec->name, MMIX_REG_CONTENTS_SECTION_NAME) == 0)
3169     {
3170       infop->reg_section = sec;
3171       return;
3172     }
3173
3174   /* Exclude the convenience register section.  */
3175   if (strcmp (sec->name, MMIX_REG_SECTION_NAME) == 0)
3176     {
3177       if (bfd_get_section_flags (abfd, sec) & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS)
3178         {
3179           /* Make sure it hasn't got contents.  It seems impossible to
3180              make it carry contents, so we don't have a test-case for
3181              this.  */
3182           _bfd_error_handler
3183             /* xgettext:c-format */
3184             (_("%B: internal error, internal register section %A had"
3185                " contents\n"),
3186              abfd, sec);
3187           bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
3188           infop->retval = FALSE;
3189           return;
3190         }
3191
3192       return;
3193     }
3194
3195   infop->retval = mmo_internal_write_section (abfd, sec);
3196 }
3197
3198 /* Do the actual output of a file.  Assumes mmo_set_section_contents is
3199    already called. */
3200
3201 static bfd_boolean
3202 mmo_write_object_contents (bfd *abfd)
3203 {
3204   struct mmo_write_sec_info wsecinfo;
3205
3206   /* First, there are a few words of preamble.  */
3207   if (! mmo_internal_write_header (abfd))
3208     return FALSE;
3209
3210   wsecinfo.reg_section = NULL;
3211   wsecinfo.retval = TRUE;
3212
3213   bfd_map_over_sections (abfd, mmo_write_section_unless_reg_contents,
3214                          &wsecinfo);
3215
3216   if (! wsecinfo.retval)
3217     return FALSE;
3218
3219   if (wsecinfo.reg_section != NULL)
3220     {
3221       asection *sec = wsecinfo.reg_section;
3222       unsigned int z = (unsigned int) (sec->vma / 8);
3223
3224       /* Registers 0..31 must not be global.  Do sanity check on the "vma"
3225          of the register contents section and check that it corresponds to
3226          the length of the section.  */
3227       if (z < 32 || z >= 255 || (sec->vma & 7) != 0
3228           || sec->vma != 256 * 8 - sec->size - 8)
3229         {
3230           bfd_set_error (bfd_error_bad_value);
3231
3232           if (sec->size == 0)
3233             /* There must always be at least one such register.  */
3234             _bfd_error_handler
3235               (_("%B: no initialized registers; section length 0\n"),
3236                abfd);
3237           else if (sec->vma > (256 - 32) * 8)
3238             /* Provide better error message for the case of too many
3239                global registers.  */
3240             _bfd_error_handler
3241               /* xgettext:c-format */
3242               (_("%B: too many initialized registers; section length %Ld"),
3243                abfd, sec->size);
3244           else
3245             _bfd_error_handler
3246               /* xgettext:c-format */
3247               (_("%B: invalid start address for initialized registers of"
3248                  " length %Ld: %#Lx"),
3249                abfd, sec->size, sec->vma);
3250
3251           return FALSE;
3252         }
3253
3254       if (! mmo_internal_write_post (abfd, z, sec))
3255         return FALSE;
3256     }
3257   else
3258     if (! mmo_internal_write_post (abfd, 255, NULL))
3259       return FALSE;
3260
3261   return mmo_write_symbols_and_terminator (abfd);
3262 }
3263
3264 /* If there's anything in particular in a mmo bfd that we want to free,
3265    make this a real function.  Only do this if you see major memory
3266    thrashing; zealous free:ing will cause unwanted behavior, especially if
3267    you "free" memory allocated with "bfd_alloc", or even "bfd_release" a
3268    block allocated with "bfd_alloc"; they're really allocated from an
3269    obstack, and we don't know what was allocated there since this
3270    particular allocation.  */
3271
3272 #define mmo_close_and_cleanup _bfd_generic_close_and_cleanup
3273 #define mmo_bfd_free_cached_info _bfd_generic_bfd_free_cached_info
3274
3275 /* Perhaps we need to adjust this one; mmo labels (originally) without a
3276    leading ':' might more appropriately be called local.  */
3277 #define mmo_bfd_is_local_label_name bfd_generic_is_local_label_name
3278 #define mmo_bfd_is_target_special_symbol  \
3279   ((bfd_boolean (*) (bfd *, asymbol *)) bfd_false)
3280
3281 #define mmo_get_symbol_version_string \
3282   _bfd_nosymbols_get_symbol_version_string
3283
3284 /* Is this one really used or defined by anyone?  */
3285 #define mmo_get_lineno _bfd_nosymbols_get_lineno
3286
3287 /* FIXME: We can do better on this one, if we have a dwarf2 .debug_line
3288    section or if MMO line numbers are implemented.  */
3289 #define mmo_find_nearest_line _bfd_nosymbols_find_nearest_line
3290 #define mmo_find_line _bfd_nosymbols_find_line
3291 #define mmo_find_inliner_info _bfd_nosymbols_find_inliner_info
3292 #define mmo_make_empty_symbol _bfd_generic_make_empty_symbol
3293 #define mmo_bfd_make_debug_symbol _bfd_nosymbols_bfd_make_debug_symbol
3294 #define mmo_read_minisymbols _bfd_generic_read_minisymbols
3295 #define mmo_minisymbol_to_symbol _bfd_generic_minisymbol_to_symbol
3296
3297 #define mmo_get_section_contents_in_window \
3298   _bfd_generic_get_section_contents_in_window
3299 #define mmo_bfd_get_relocated_section_contents \
3300   bfd_generic_get_relocated_section_contents
3301 #define mmo_bfd_gc_sections bfd_generic_gc_sections
3302 #define mmo_bfd_lookup_section_flags bfd_generic_lookup_section_flags
3303 #define mmo_bfd_link_hash_table_create _bfd_generic_link_hash_table_create
3304 #define mmo_bfd_link_add_symbols _bfd_generic_link_add_symbols
3305 #define mmo_bfd_link_just_syms _bfd_generic_link_just_syms
3306 #define mmo_bfd_copy_link_hash_symbol_type \
3307   _bfd_generic_copy_link_hash_symbol_type
3308 #define mmo_bfd_final_link _bfd_generic_final_link
3309 #define mmo_bfd_link_split_section _bfd_generic_link_split_section
3310 #define mmo_bfd_link_check_relocs  _bfd_generic_link_check_relocs
3311
3312 /* Strictly speaking, only MMIX uses this restricted format, but let's not
3313    stop anybody from shooting themselves in the foot.  */
3314 #define mmo_set_arch_mach bfd_default_set_arch_mach
3315 #define mmo_bfd_relax_section bfd_generic_relax_section
3316 #define mmo_bfd_merge_sections bfd_generic_merge_sections
3317 #define mmo_bfd_is_group_section bfd_generic_is_group_section
3318 #define mmo_bfd_discard_group bfd_generic_discard_group
3319 #define mmo_section_already_linked \
3320   _bfd_generic_section_already_linked
3321 #define mmo_bfd_define_common_symbol bfd_generic_define_common_symbol
3322 #define mmo_bfd_define_start_stop bfd_generic_define_start_stop
3323
3324 /* We want to copy time of creation, otherwise we'd use
3325    BFD_JUMP_TABLE_COPY (_bfd_generic).  */
3326 #define mmo_bfd_merge_private_bfd_data _bfd_generic_bfd_merge_private_bfd_data
3327 #define mmo_bfd_copy_private_section_data _bfd_generic_bfd_copy_private_section_data
3328 #define mmo_bfd_copy_private_symbol_data _bfd_generic_bfd_copy_private_symbol_data
3329 #define mmo_bfd_copy_private_header_data _bfd_generic_bfd_copy_private_header_data
3330 #define mmo_bfd_set_private_flags _bfd_generic_bfd_set_private_flags
3331 #define mmo_bfd_print_private_bfd_data _bfd_generic_bfd_print_private_bfd_data
3332
3333 const bfd_target mmix_mmo_vec =
3334 {
3335   "mmo",                        /* name */
3336   bfd_target_mmo_flavour,
3337   BFD_ENDIAN_BIG,               /* target byte order */
3338   BFD_ENDIAN_BIG,               /* target headers byte order */
3339
3340   /* FIXME: Might need adjustments.  */
3341   (HAS_RELOC | EXEC_P |         /* object flags */
3342    HAS_LINENO | HAS_DEBUG |
3343    HAS_SYMS | HAS_LOCALS | WP_TEXT),
3344
3345   /* FIXME: Might need adjustments.  */
3346   (SEC_CODE | SEC_DATA | SEC_HAS_CONTENTS | SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD
3347    | SEC_READONLY | SEC_EXCLUDE | SEC_DEBUGGING | SEC_IN_MEMORY),
3348                                 /* section flags */
3349   0,                            /* leading underscore */
3350   ' ',                          /* ar_pad_char */
3351   16,                           /* ar_max_namelen */
3352   0,                            /* match priority.  */
3353   bfd_getb64, bfd_getb_signed_64, bfd_putb64,
3354   bfd_getb32, bfd_getb_signed_32, bfd_putb32,
3355   bfd_getb16, bfd_getb_signed_16, bfd_putb16,   /* data */
3356   bfd_getb64, bfd_getb_signed_64, bfd_putb64,
3357   bfd_getb32, bfd_getb_signed_32, bfd_putb32,
3358   bfd_getb16, bfd_getb_signed_16, bfd_putb16,   /* hdrs */
3359
3360   {
3361     _bfd_dummy_target,
3362     mmo_object_p,               /* bfd_check_format */
3363     _bfd_dummy_target,
3364     _bfd_dummy_target,
3365   },
3366   {
3367     bfd_false,
3368     mmo_mkobject,
3369     bfd_false,
3370     bfd_false,
3371   },
3372   {                             /* bfd_write_contents */
3373     bfd_false,
3374     mmo_write_object_contents,
3375     bfd_false,
3376     bfd_false,
3377   },
3378
3379   BFD_JUMP_TABLE_GENERIC (mmo),
3380   BFD_JUMP_TABLE_COPY (mmo),
3381   BFD_JUMP_TABLE_CORE (_bfd_nocore),
3382   BFD_JUMP_TABLE_ARCHIVE (_bfd_noarchive),
3383   BFD_JUMP_TABLE_SYMBOLS (mmo),
3384   BFD_JUMP_TABLE_RELOCS (_bfd_norelocs),
3385   BFD_JUMP_TABLE_WRITE (mmo),
3386   BFD_JUMP_TABLE_LINK (mmo),
3387   BFD_JUMP_TABLE_DYNAMIC (_bfd_nodynamic),
3388
3389   NULL,
3390
3391   NULL
3392 };