3 PSIM 1.0.1 - Model of the PowerPC Environments
6 Copyright (C) 1994-1996, Andrew Cagney <cagney@highland.com.au>.
8 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 GNU General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
22 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
25 PSIM is a program written in extended ANSI-C that implements an
26 instruction level simulation of the PowerPC environment. It is freely
27 available in source code form under the terms of the GNU General
28 Public License (version 3 or later).
30 The PowerPC Architecture is described as having three levels of
33 UEA - User Environment Architecture
34 VEA - Virtual Environment Architecture
35 OEA - Operating Environment Architecture
37 PSIM both implements all three levels of the PowerPC and includes (for
38 each level) a corresponding simulated run-time environment.
40 In addition, PSIM, to the execution unit level, models the performance
41 of most of the current PowerPC implementations (contributed by Michael
42 Meissner). This detailed performance monitoring (unlike many other
43 simulators) resulting in only a relatively marginal reduction in the
44 simulators performance.
47 A description of how to build PSIM is contained in the file:
49 ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/INSTALL
50 or ftp://cambridge.cygnus.com/pub/psim/INSTALL
52 while an overview of how to use PSIM is in:
54 ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/RUN
55 or ftp://cambridge.cygnus.com/pub/psim/RUN
57 This file is found in:
59 ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/README
60 or ftp://cambridge.cygnus.com/pub/psim/README
63 Thanks goes firstly to:
65 Corinthian Engineering Pty Ltd
67 Highland Logic Pty Ltd
69 who provided the resources needed for making this software available
72 More importantly I'd like to thank the following individuals who each
73 contributed in their own unique way:
75 Allen Briggs, Bett Koch, David Edelsohn, Gordon Irlam,
76 Michael Meissner, Bob Mercier, Richard Perini, Dale Rahn,
77 Richard Stallman, Mitchele Walker
84 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
87 What features does PSIM include?
89 Monitoring and modeling
91 PSIM includes (thanks to Michael Meissner)
92 a detailed model of most of the PowerPC
93 implementations to the functional unit level.
98 The PowerPC ISA defines SMP synchronizing instructions.
99 This simulator implements a limited, but functional,
100 subset of the PowerPC synchronization instructions
101 behaviour. Programs that restrict their synchronization
102 primitives to those that work with this functional
103 sub-set (eg P() and V()) are able to run on the SMP
106 People intending to use this system should study
107 the code implementing the lwarx instruction.
111 PSIM implements the PowerPC's big and little (xor
112 endian) modes and correctly simulates code that
113 switches between these two modes.
115 In addition, psim can model a true little-endian
118 ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) models
120 PSIM includes a model of the UEA, VEA and OEA. This
121 includes the time base registers (VEA) and HTAB
124 In addition, a preliminary model of the 64 bit
125 PowerPC architecture is implemented.
129 PSIM's internals are based around the concept
130 of a Device Tree. This tree intentionally
131 resembles that of the Device Tree found in
132 OpenBoot firmware. PSIM is flexible enough
133 to allow the user to fully configure this device
134 tree (and consequently the hardware model) at
137 Run-time environments:
139 PSIM's UEA model includes emulation for BSD
140 based UNIX system calls.
142 PSIM's OEA model includes emulation of either:
144 o OpenBoot client interface
146 o MOTO's BUG interface.
151 Preliminary support for floating point is included.
154 Who would be interested in PSIM?
158 Using psim, gdb, gcc and binutils the curious
159 user can construct an environment that allows
160 them to play with PowerPC Environment without
161 the need for real hardware.
166 PSIM includes many (contributed) monitoring
167 features which (unlike many other simulators)
168 do not come with a great penalty in performance.
170 Thus the performance analyst is able to use
171 this simulator to analyse the performance of
172 the system under test.
174 If PSIM doesn't monitor a components of interest,
175 the source code is freely available, and hence
176 there is no hinderance to changing things
177 to meet a specific analysts needs.
180 o the serious SW developer
182 PSIM models all three levels of the PowerPC
183 Architecture: UEA, VEA and OEA. Further,
184 the internal design is such that PSIM can
185 be extended to support additional requirements.
188 What performance analysis measurements can PSIM perform?
190 Below is the output from a recent analysis run
191 (contributed by Michael Meissner):
193 For the following program:
198 static unsigned long seed = 47114711;
199 unsigned long this = seed * 1103515245 + 12345;
201 /* cut-cut-cut - see the file RUN.psim */
204 Here is the current output generated with the -I switch on a P90
205 (the compiler used is the development version of GCC with a new
206 scheduler replacing the old one):
208 CPU #1 executed 41,994 AND instructions.
209 CPU #1 executed 519,785 AND Immediate instructions.
213 CPU #1 executed 1 System Call instruction.
214 CPU #1 executed 207,746 XOR instructions.
216 CPU #1 executed 23,740,856 cycles.
217 CPU #1 executed 10,242,780 stalls waiting for data.
218 CPU #1 executed 1 stall waiting for a function unit.
222 CPU #1 executed 3,136,229 branch functional unit instructions.
223 CPU #1 executed 16,949,396 instructions that were accounted for in timing info.
224 CPU #1 executed 871,920 data reads.
225 CPU #1 executed 971,926 data writes.
226 CPU #1 executed 221 icache misses.
227 CPU #1 executed 16,949,396 instructions in total.
229 Simulator speed was 250,731 instructions/second
234 As an idea, psim was first discussed seriously during mid
235 1994. At that time its main objectives were:
240 Many simulators loose out by only providing
241 a binary interface to the internals. This
242 interface eventually becomes a bottle neck
243 in the simulators performance.
245 It was intended that PSIM would avoid this
246 problem by giving the user access to the
249 Further, by exploiting the power of modern
250 compilers it was hoped that PSIM would achieve
251 good performance with out having to compromise
255 o practical portability
257 Rather than try to be portable to every
258 C compiler on every platform, it was decided
259 that PSIM would restrict its self to supporting
260 ANSI compilers that included the extension
263 GCC is one such compiler, consequently PSIM
264 should be portable to any machine running GCC.
267 o flexibility in its design
269 PSIM should allow the user to select the
270 features required and customise the build
271 accordingly. By having the source code,
272 the compiler is able to eliminate any un
273 used features of the simulator.
275 After all, let the compiler do the work.
280 A model that allowed the simulation of
281 SMP platforms with out the large overhead
282 often encountered with such models.
285 PSIM achieves each of these objectives.
288 Is PSIM PowerPC Platform (PPCP) (nee CHRP) Compliant?
292 Among other things it does not have an Apple ROM socket.
295 Could PSIM be extended so that it models a CHRP machine?
299 PSIM has been designed with the CHRP spec in mind. To model
300 a CHRP desktop the following would need to be added:
302 o An apple ROM socket :-)
304 o Model of each of the desktop IO devices
308 o RTAS (Run Time Abstraction Services).
310 o A fully populated device tree.
313 Is the source code available?
317 The source code to PSIM is available under the terms of
318 the GNU Public Licence. This allows you to distribute
319 the source code for free but with certain conditions.
323 ftp://archie.au/gnu/COPYING
325 For details of the terms and conditions.
328 Where do I send bugs or report problems?
330 There is a mailing list (subscribe through majordomo@ci.com.au) at:
332 powerpc-psim@ci.com.au
334 If I get the ftp archive updated I post a note to that mailing list.
335 In addition your welcome to send bugs or problems either to me or to
338 This list currently averages zero articles a day.
341 Does PSIM have any limitations or problems?
343 PSIM can't run rs6000/AIX binaries - At present PSIM can only
344 simulate static executables. Since an AIX executable is
345 never static, PSIM is unable to simulate its execution.
347 PSIM is still under development - consequently there are going
350 See the file BUGS (included in the distribution) for any
351 other outstanding issues.