1 /* as.c - GAS main program.
2 Copyright (C) 1987-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
6 GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
11 GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
13 or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
14 License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
18 Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
21 /* Main program for AS; a 32-bit assembler of GNU.
22 Understands command arguments.
23 Has a few routines that don't fit in other modules because they
29 Since no-one else says they will support them in future: I
30 don't support them now. */
34 /* Disable code to set FAKE_LABEL_NAME in obj-multi.h, to avoid circular
36 #define INITIALIZING_EMULS
40 #include "output-file.h"
43 #include "dwarf2dbg.h"
44 #include "dw2gencfi.h"
57 /* Perform any cgen specific initialisation for gas. */
58 extern void gas_cgen_begin (void);
61 /* We build a list of defsyms as we read the options, and then define
62 them after we have initialized everything. */
65 struct defsym_list
*next
;
71 /* True if a listing is wanted. */
74 /* Type of debugging to generate. */
75 enum debug_info_type debug_type
= DEBUG_UNSPECIFIED
;
76 int use_gnu_debug_info_extensions
= 0;
78 #ifndef MD_DEBUG_FORMAT_SELECTOR
79 #define MD_DEBUG_FORMAT_SELECTOR NULL
81 static enum debug_info_type (*md_debug_format_selector
) (int *) = MD_DEBUG_FORMAT_SELECTOR
;
83 /* Maximum level of macro nesting. */
84 int max_macro_nest
= 100;
89 /* The default obstack chunk size. If we set this to zero, the
90 obstack code will use whatever will fit in a 4096 byte block. */
93 /* To monitor memory allocation more effectively, make this non-zero.
94 Then the chunk sizes for gas and bfd will be reduced. */
97 /* Enable verbose mode. */
100 /* Which version of DWARF CIE to produce. This default value of -1
101 indicates that this value has not been set yet, a default value is
102 provided in dwarf2_init. A different value can also be supplied by the
103 command line flag --gdwarf-cie-version, or by a target in
104 MD_AFTER_PARSE_ARGS. */
105 int flag_dwarf_cie_version
= -1;
107 /* The maximum level of DWARF DEBUG information we should manufacture.
108 This defaults to 3 unless overridden by a command line option. */
109 unsigned int dwarf_level
= 3;
111 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
112 int flag_use_elf_stt_common
= DEFAULT_GENERATE_ELF_STT_COMMON
;
113 bool flag_generate_build_notes
= DEFAULT_GENERATE_BUILD_NOTES
;
122 /* Name of listing file. */
123 static char *listing_filename
= NULL
;
125 static struct defsym_list
*defsyms
;
127 static long start_time
;
130 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
131 #define EMULATION_ENVIRON "AS_EMULATION"
133 extern struct emulation mipsbelf
, mipslelf
, mipself
;
134 extern struct emulation i386coff
, i386elf
, i386aout
;
135 extern struct emulation crisaout
, criself
;
137 static struct emulation
*const emulations
[] = { EMULATIONS
};
138 static const int n_emulations
= sizeof (emulations
) / sizeof (emulations
[0]);
141 select_emulation_mode (int argc
, char **argv
)
145 const char *em
= NULL
;
147 for (i
= 1; i
< argc
; i
++)
148 if (startswith (argv
[i
], "--em"))
154 p
= strchr (argv
[i
], '=');
161 as_fatal (_("missing emulation mode name"));
166 em
= getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON
);
168 em
= DEFAULT_EMULATION
;
172 for (i
= 0; i
< n_emulations
; i
++)
173 if (!strcmp (emulations
[i
]->name
, em
))
175 if (i
== n_emulations
)
176 as_fatal (_("unrecognized emulation name `%s'"), em
);
177 this_emulation
= emulations
[i
];
180 this_emulation
= emulations
[0];
182 this_emulation
->init ();
186 default_emul_bfd_name (void)
193 common_emul_init (void)
195 this_format
= this_emulation
->format
;
197 if (this_emulation
->leading_underscore
== 2)
198 this_emulation
->leading_underscore
= this_format
->dfl_leading_underscore
;
200 if (this_emulation
->default_endian
!= 2)
201 target_big_endian
= this_emulation
->default_endian
;
203 if (this_emulation
->fake_label_name
== 0)
205 if (this_emulation
->leading_underscore
)
206 this_emulation
->fake_label_name
= FAKE_LABEL_NAME
;
208 /* What other parameters should we test? */
209 this_emulation
->fake_label_name
= "." FAKE_LABEL_NAME
;
215 print_version_id (void)
223 fprintf (stderr
, _("GNU assembler version %s (%s) using BFD version %s\n"),
224 VERSION
, TARGET_ALIAS
, BFD_VERSION_STRING
);
227 #ifdef DEFAULT_FLAG_COMPRESS_DEBUG
228 enum compressed_debug_section_type flag_compress_debug
229 = DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM
;
230 #define DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM_HELP \
231 DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM
233 #define DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM_HELP COMPRESS_DEBUG_NONE
237 show_usage (FILE * stream
)
239 fprintf (stream
, _("Usage: %s [option...] [asmfile...]\n"), myname
);
241 fprintf (stream
, _("\
243 -a[sub-option...] turn on listings\n\
244 Sub-options [default hls]:\n\
245 c omit false conditionals\n\
246 d omit debugging directives\n\
247 g include general info\n\
248 h include high-level source\n\
249 i include ginsn and synthesized CFI info\n\
250 l include assembly\n\
251 m include macro expansions\n\
252 n omit forms processing\n\
254 =FILE list to FILE (must be last sub-option)\n"));
256 fprintf (stream
, _("\
257 --alternate initially turn on alternate macro syntax\n"));
258 fprintf (stream
, _("\
259 --compress-debug-sections[={none|zlib|zlib-gnu|zlib-gabi|zstd}]\n\
260 compress DWARF debug sections\n")),
261 fprintf (stream
, _("\
263 bfd_get_compression_algorithm_name
264 (DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM_HELP
));
266 fprintf (stream
, _("\
267 --nocompress-debug-sections\n\
268 don't compress DWARF debug sections\n"));
269 fprintf (stream
, _("\
270 -D produce assembler debugging messages\n"));
271 fprintf (stream
, _("\
272 --dump-config display how the assembler is configured and then exit\n"));
273 fprintf (stream
, _("\
274 --debug-prefix-map OLD=NEW\n\
275 map OLD to NEW in debug information\n"));
276 fprintf (stream
, _("\
277 --defsym SYM=VAL define symbol SYM to given value\n"));
278 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
285 for (i
= 0; i
< n_emulations
- 1; i
++)
286 fprintf (stream
, "%s | ", emulations
[i
]->name
);
287 fprintf (stream
, "%s]\n", emulations
[i
]->name
);
289 def_em
= getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON
);
291 def_em
= DEFAULT_EMULATION
;
292 fprintf (stream
, _("\
293 emulate output (default %s)\n"), def_em
);
296 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
297 fprintf (stream
, _("\
298 --execstack require executable stack for this object\n"));
299 fprintf (stream
, _("\
300 --noexecstack don't require executable stack for this object\n"));
301 fprintf (stream
, _("\
302 --size-check=[error|warning]\n\
303 ELF .size directive check (default --size-check=error)\n"));
304 fprintf (stream
, _("\
305 --elf-stt-common=[no|yes] "));
306 if (DEFAULT_GENERATE_ELF_STT_COMMON
)
307 fprintf (stream
, _("(default: yes)\n"));
309 fprintf (stream
, _("(default: no)\n"));
310 fprintf (stream
, _("\
311 generate ELF common symbols with STT_COMMON type\n"));
312 fprintf (stream
, _("\
313 --sectname-subst enable section name substitution sequences\n"));
315 fprintf (stream
, _("\
316 --generate-missing-build-notes=[no|yes] "));
317 #if DEFAULT_GENERATE_BUILD_NOTES
318 fprintf (stream
, _("(default: yes)\n"));
320 fprintf (stream
, _("(default: no)\n"));
322 fprintf (stream
, _("\
323 generate GNU Build notes if none are present in the input\n"));
324 fprintf (stream
, _("\
325 --gsframe generate SFrame stack trace information\n"));
326 # if defined (TARGET_USE_SCFI) && defined (TARGET_USE_GINSN)
327 fprintf (stream
, _("\
328 --scfi=experimental Synthesize DWARF CFI for hand-written asm\n\
329 (experimental support)\n"));
333 fprintf (stream
, _("\
334 -f skip whitespace and comment preprocessing\n"));
335 fprintf (stream
, _("\
336 -g, --gen-debug generate debugging information\n"));
337 fprintf (stream
, _("\
338 --gstabs generate STABS debugging information\n"));
339 fprintf (stream
, _("\
340 --gstabs+ generate STABS debug info with GNU extensions\n"));
341 fprintf (stream
, _("\
342 --gdwarf-<N> generate DWARF<N> debugging information. 2 <= <N> <= 5\n"));
343 fprintf (stream
, _("\
344 --gdwarf-cie-version=<N> generate version 1, 3 or 4 DWARF CIEs\n"));
345 fprintf (stream
, _("\
346 --gdwarf-sections generate per-function section names for DWARF line information\n"));
347 #if defined (TE_PE) && defined (O_secrel)
348 fprintf (stream
, _("\
349 --gcodeview generate CodeView debugging information\n"));
351 fprintf (stream
, _("\
352 --hash-size=<N> ignored\n"));
353 fprintf (stream
, _("\
354 --help show all assembler options\n"));
355 fprintf (stream
, _("\
356 --target-help show target specific options\n"));
357 fprintf (stream
, _("\
358 -I DIR add DIR to search list for .include directives\n"));
359 fprintf (stream
, _("\
360 -J don't warn about signed overflow\n"));
361 fprintf (stream
, _("\
362 -K warn when differences altered for long displacements\n"));
363 fprintf (stream
, _("\
364 -L, --keep-locals keep local symbols (e.g. starting with `L')\n"));
365 fprintf (stream
, _("\
366 -M, --mri assemble in MRI compatibility mode\n"));
367 fprintf (stream
, _("\
368 --MD FILE write dependency information in FILE (default none)\n"));
369 fprintf (stream
, _("\
370 --multibyte-handling=<method>\n\
371 what to do with multibyte characters encountered in the input\n"));
372 fprintf (stream
, _("\
374 fprintf (stream
, _("\
375 -no-pad-sections do not pad the end of sections to alignment boundaries\n"));
376 fprintf (stream
, _("\
377 -o OBJFILE name the object-file output OBJFILE (default a.out)\n"));
378 fprintf (stream
, _("\
379 -R fold data section into text section\n"));
380 fprintf (stream
, _("\
381 --reduce-memory-overheads ignored\n"));
382 fprintf (stream
, _("\
383 --statistics print various measured statistics from execution\n"));
384 fprintf (stream
, _("\
385 --strip-local-absolute strip local absolute symbols\n"));
386 fprintf (stream
, _("\
387 --traditional-format Use same format as native assembler when possible\n"));
388 fprintf (stream
, _("\
389 --version print assembler version number and exit\n"));
390 fprintf (stream
, _("\
391 -W, --no-warn suppress warnings\n"));
392 fprintf (stream
, _("\
393 --warn don't suppress warnings\n"));
394 fprintf (stream
, _("\
395 --fatal-warnings treat warnings as errors\n"));
397 fprintf (stream
, _("\
398 --itbl INSTTBL extend instruction set to include instructions\n\
399 matching the specifications defined in file INSTTBL\n"));
401 fprintf (stream
, _("\
403 fprintf (stream
, _("\
405 fprintf (stream
, _("\
406 -Z generate object file even after errors\n"));
407 fprintf (stream
, _("\
408 --listing-lhs-width set the width in words of the output data column of\n\
410 fprintf (stream
, _("\
411 --listing-lhs-width2 set the width in words of the continuation lines\n\
412 of the output data column; ignored if smaller than\n\
413 the width of the first line\n"));
414 fprintf (stream
, _("\
415 --listing-rhs-width set the max width in characters of the lines from\n\
416 the source file\n"));
417 fprintf (stream
, _("\
418 --listing-cont-lines set the maximum number of continuation lines used\n\
419 for the output data column of the listing\n"));
420 fprintf (stream
, _("\
421 @FILE read options from FILE\n"));
423 md_show_usage (stream
);
425 fputc ('\n', stream
);
427 if (REPORT_BUGS_TO
[0] && stream
== stdout
)
428 fprintf (stream
, _("Report bugs to %s\n"), REPORT_BUGS_TO
);
431 /* Since it is easy to do here we interpret the special arg "-"
432 to mean "use stdin" and we set that argv[] pointing to "".
433 After we have munged argv[], the only things left are source file
434 name(s) and ""(s) denoting stdin. These file names are used
435 (perhaps more than once) later.
437 check for new machine-dep cmdline options in
438 md_parse_option definitions in config/tc-*.c. */
441 parse_args (int * pargc
, char *** pargv
)
447 /* Starting the short option string with '-' is for programs that
448 expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
449 the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
450 as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1. */
452 extern const char *md_shortopts
;
453 static const char std_shortopts
[] =
456 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
457 /* -K is not meaningful if .word is not being hacked. */
460 'L', 'M', 'R', 'W', 'Z', 'a', ':', ':', 'D', 'f', 'g', ':',':', 'I', ':',
461 'o', ':', 'v', 'w', 'X',
463 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also --itbl below). */
468 struct option
*longopts
;
469 extern struct option md_longopts
[];
470 extern size_t md_longopts_size
;
471 /* Codes used for the long options with no short synonyms. */
474 OPTION_HELP
= OPTION_STD_BASE
,
480 OPTION_DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP
,
482 OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH
,
483 OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2
, /* = STD_BASE + 10 */
484 OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH
,
485 OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES
,
493 OPTION_GDWARF_SECTIONS
, /* = STD_BASE + 20 */
494 OPTION_GDWARF_CIE_VERSION
,
496 OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE
,
497 OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT
,
503 OPTION_ELF_STT_COMMON
,
504 OPTION_ELF_BUILD_NOTES
, /* = STD_BASE + 30 */
505 OPTION_SECTNAME_SUBST
,
508 OPTION_HASH_TABLE_SIZE
,
509 OPTION_REDUCE_MEMORY_OVERHEADS
,
511 OPTION_COMPRESS_DEBUG
,
512 OPTION_NOCOMPRESS_DEBUG
,
513 OPTION_NO_PAD_SECTIONS
,
514 OPTION_MULTIBYTE_HANDLING
, /* = STD_BASE + 40 */
517 /* When you add options here, check that they do
518 not collide with OPTION_MD_BASE. See as.h. */
521 static const struct option std_longopts
[] =
523 /* Note: commas are placed at the start of the line rather than
524 the end of the preceding line so that it is simpler to
525 selectively add and remove lines from this list. */
526 {"alternate", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_ALTERNATE
}
527 /* The entry for "a" is here to prevent getopt_long_only() from
528 considering that -a is an abbreviation for --alternate. This is
529 necessary because -a=<FILE> is a valid switch but getopt would
530 normally reject it since --alternate does not take an argument. */
531 ,{"a", optional_argument
, NULL
, 'a'}
532 /* Handle -al=<FILE>. */
533 ,{"al", optional_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_AL
}
534 ,{"compress-debug-sections", optional_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_COMPRESS_DEBUG
}
535 ,{"nocompress-debug-sections", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NOCOMPRESS_DEBUG
}
536 ,{"debug-prefix-map", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP
}
537 ,{"defsym", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DEFSYM
}
538 ,{"dump-config", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DUMPCONFIG
}
539 ,{"emulation", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_EMULATION
}
540 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
541 ,{"execstack", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_EXECSTACK
}
542 ,{"noexecstack", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NOEXECSTACK
}
543 ,{"size-check", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_SIZE_CHECK
}
544 ,{"elf-stt-common", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_ELF_STT_COMMON
}
545 ,{"sectname-subst", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_SECTNAME_SUBST
}
546 ,{"generate-missing-build-notes", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_ELF_BUILD_NOTES
}
547 ,{"gsframe", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_SFRAME
}
548 # if defined (TARGET_USE_SCFI) && defined (TARGET_USE_GINSN)
549 ,{"scfi", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_SCFI
}
551 #endif /* OBJ_ELF || OBJ_MAYBE_ELF. */
552 ,{"fatal-warnings", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_WARN_FATAL
}
553 ,{"gdwarf-2", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_2
}
554 ,{"gdwarf-3", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_3
}
555 ,{"gdwarf-4", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_4
}
556 ,{"gdwarf-5", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_5
}
557 /* GCC uses --gdwarf-2 but GAS used to to use --gdwarf2,
558 so we keep it here for backwards compatibility. */
559 ,{"gdwarf2", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_2
}
560 ,{"gdwarf-sections", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_SECTIONS
}
561 ,{"gdwarf-cie-version", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GDWARF_CIE_VERSION
}
562 #if defined (TE_PE) && defined (O_secrel)
563 ,{"gcodeview", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GCODEVIEW
}
565 ,{"gen-debug", no_argument
, NULL
, 'g'}
566 ,{"gstabs", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GSTABS
}
567 ,{"gstabs+", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GSTABS_PLUS
}
568 ,{"hash-size", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_HASH_TABLE_SIZE
}
569 ,{"help", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_HELP
}
571 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also -t above).
572 The "-t file" or "--itbl file" option extends the basic set of
573 valid instructions by reading "file", a text file containing a
574 list of instruction formats. The additional opcodes and their
575 formats are added to the built-in set of instructions, and
576 mnemonics for new registers may also be defined. */
577 ,{"itbl", required_argument
, NULL
, 't'}
579 /* getopt allows abbreviations, so we do this to stop it from
580 treating -k as an abbreviation for --keep-locals. Some
581 ports use -k to enable PIC assembly. */
582 ,{"keep-locals", no_argument
, NULL
, 'L'}
583 ,{"keep-locals", no_argument
, NULL
, 'L'}
584 ,{"listing-lhs-width", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH
}
585 ,{"listing-lhs-width2", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2
}
586 ,{"listing-rhs-width", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH
}
587 ,{"listing-cont-lines", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES
}
588 ,{"MD", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DEPFILE
}
589 ,{"mri", no_argument
, NULL
, 'M'}
590 ,{"nocpp", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NOCPP
}
591 ,{"no-pad-sections", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NO_PAD_SECTIONS
}
592 ,{"no-warn", no_argument
, NULL
, 'W'}
593 ,{"reduce-memory-overheads", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_REDUCE_MEMORY_OVERHEADS
}
594 ,{"statistics", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_STATISTICS
}
595 ,{"strip-local-absolute", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE
}
596 ,{"version", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_VERSION
}
597 ,{"verbose", no_argument
, NULL
, 'v'}
598 ,{"target-help", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_TARGET_HELP
}
599 ,{"traditional-format", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT
}
600 ,{"warn", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_WARN
}
601 ,{"multibyte-handling", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_MULTIBYTE_HANDLING
}
604 /* Construct the option lists from the standard list and the target
605 dependent list. Include space for an extra NULL option and
606 always NULL terminate. */
607 shortopts
= concat (std_shortopts
, md_shortopts
, (char *) NULL
);
608 longopts
= (struct option
*) xmalloc (sizeof (std_longopts
)
609 + md_longopts_size
+ sizeof (struct option
));
610 memcpy (longopts
, std_longopts
, sizeof (std_longopts
));
611 memcpy (((char *) longopts
) + sizeof (std_longopts
), md_longopts
, md_longopts_size
);
612 memset (((char *) longopts
) + sizeof (std_longopts
) + md_longopts_size
,
613 0, sizeof (struct option
));
615 /* Make a local copy of the old argv. */
619 /* Initialize a new argv that contains no options. */
620 new_argv
= notes_alloc (sizeof (char *) * (old_argc
+ 1));
621 new_argv
[0] = old_argv
[0];
623 new_argv
[new_argc
] = NULL
;
627 /* getopt_long_only is like getopt_long, but '-' as well as '--' can
628 indicate a long option. */
630 int optc
= getopt_long_only (old_argc
, old_argv
, shortopts
, longopts
,
639 /* md_parse_option should return 1 if it recognizes optc,
641 if (md_parse_option (optc
, optarg
) != 0)
643 /* `-v' isn't included in the general short_opts list, so check for
644 it explicitly here before deciding we've gotten a bad argument. */
652 else if (is_a_char (optc
))
653 as_bad (_("unrecognized option `-%c%s'"), optc
, optarg
? optarg
: "");
655 as_bad (_("unrecognized option `--%s=%s'"), longopts
[longind
].name
, optarg
);
657 as_bad (_("unrecognized option `--%s'"), longopts
[longind
].name
);
663 case 1: /* File name. */
664 if (!strcmp (optarg
, "-"))
665 optarg
= (char *) "";
666 new_argv
[new_argc
++] = optarg
;
667 new_argv
[new_argc
] = NULL
;
670 case OPTION_TARGET_HELP
:
671 md_show_usage (stdout
);
681 case OPTION_NO_PAD_SECTIONS
:
682 do_not_pad_sections_to_alignment
= 1;
685 case OPTION_STATISTICS
:
686 flag_print_statistics
= 1;
689 case OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE
:
690 flag_strip_local_absolute
= 1;
693 case OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT
:
694 flag_traditional_format
= 1;
697 case OPTION_MULTIBYTE_HANDLING
:
698 if (strcmp (optarg
, "allow") == 0)
699 multibyte_handling
= multibyte_allow
;
700 else if (strcmp (optarg
, "warn") == 0)
701 multibyte_handling
= multibyte_warn
;
702 else if (strcmp (optarg
, "warn-sym-only") == 0)
703 multibyte_handling
= multibyte_warn_syms
;
704 else if (strcmp (optarg
, "warn_sym_only") == 0)
705 multibyte_handling
= multibyte_warn_syms
;
707 as_fatal (_("unexpected argument to --multibyte-input-option: '%s'"), optarg
);
711 /* This output is intended to follow the GNU standards document. */
712 printf (_("GNU assembler %s\n"), BFD_VERSION_STRING
);
713 printf (_("Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"));
715 This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of\n\
716 the GNU General Public License version 3 or later.\n\
717 This program has absolutely no warranty.\n"));
718 #ifdef TARGET_WITH_CPU
719 printf (_("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s' "
720 "and default,\ncpu type `%s'.\n"),
721 TARGET_ALIAS
, TARGET_WITH_CPU
);
723 printf (_("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s'.\n"),
728 case OPTION_EMULATION
:
729 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
730 if (strcmp (optarg
, this_emulation
->name
))
731 as_fatal (_("multiple emulation names specified"));
733 as_fatal (_("emulations not handled in this configuration"));
737 case OPTION_DUMPCONFIG
:
738 fprintf (stderr
, _("alias = %s\n"), TARGET_ALIAS
);
739 fprintf (stderr
, _("canonical = %s\n"), TARGET_CANONICAL
);
740 fprintf (stderr
, _("cpu-type = %s\n"), TARGET_CPU
);
741 #ifdef TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
742 fprintf (stderr
, _("format = %s\n"), TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
);
745 fprintf (stderr
, _("bfd-target = %s\n"), TARGET_FORMAT
);
749 case OPTION_COMPRESS_DEBUG
:
752 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
753 flag_compress_debug
= bfd_get_compression_algorithm (optarg
);
755 if (flag_compress_debug
== COMPRESS_DEBUG_ZSTD
)
756 as_fatal (_ ("--compress-debug-sections=zstd: gas is not "
757 "built with zstd support"));
759 if (flag_compress_debug
== COMPRESS_UNKNOWN
)
760 as_fatal (_("Invalid --compress-debug-sections option: `%s'"),
763 as_fatal (_("--compress-debug-sections=%s is unsupported"),
768 flag_compress_debug
= DEFAULT_COMPRESSED_DEBUG_ALGORITHM
;
771 case OPTION_NOCOMPRESS_DEBUG
:
772 flag_compress_debug
= COMPRESS_DEBUG_NONE
;
775 case OPTION_DEBUG_PREFIX_MAP
:
776 add_debug_prefix_map (optarg
);
783 struct defsym_list
*n
;
785 for (s
= optarg
; *s
!= '\0' && *s
!= '='; s
++)
788 as_fatal (_("bad defsym; format is --defsym name=value"));
790 i
= bfd_scan_vma (s
, (const char **) NULL
, 0);
791 n
= XNEW (struct defsym_list
);
802 /* optarg is the name of the file containing the instruction
803 formats, opcodes, register names, etc. */
806 as_warn (_("no file name following -t option"));
810 /* Parse the file and add the new instructions to our internal
811 table. If multiple instruction tables are specified, the
812 information from this table gets appended onto the existing
814 if (itbl_parse (optarg
) != 0)
815 as_fatal (_("failed to read instruction table %s\n"),
822 start_dependencies (optarg
);
826 /* Some backends, eg Alpha and Mips, use the -g switch for their
827 own purposes. So we check here for an explicit -g and allow
828 the backend to decide if it wants to process it. */
829 if ( old_argv
[optind
- 1][1] == 'g'
830 && md_parse_option (optc
, optarg
))
833 /* We end up here for any -gsomething-not-already-a-long-option.
834 give some useful feedback on not (yet) supported -gdwarfxxx
835 versions/sections/options. */
836 if (startswith (old_argv
[optind
- 1], "-gdwarf"))
837 as_fatal (_("unknown DWARF option %s\n"), old_argv
[optind
- 1]);
838 else if (old_argv
[optind
- 1][1] == 'g' && optarg
!= NULL
)
839 as_fatal (_("unknown option `%s'"), old_argv
[optind
- 1]);
841 if (md_debug_format_selector
)
842 debug_type
= md_debug_format_selector (& use_gnu_debug_info_extensions
);
845 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
849 debug_type
= DEBUG_STABS
;
852 case OPTION_GSTABS_PLUS
:
853 use_gnu_debug_info_extensions
= 1;
856 debug_type
= DEBUG_STABS
;
859 case OPTION_GDWARF_2
:
860 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
864 case OPTION_GDWARF_3
:
865 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
869 case OPTION_GDWARF_4
:
870 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
874 case OPTION_GDWARF_5
:
875 debug_type
= DEBUG_DWARF2
;
879 case OPTION_GDWARF_SECTIONS
:
880 flag_dwarf_sections
= true;
883 #if defined (TE_PE) && defined (O_secrel)
884 case OPTION_GCODEVIEW
:
885 debug_type
= DEBUG_CODEVIEW
;
889 case OPTION_GDWARF_CIE_VERSION
:
890 flag_dwarf_cie_version
= atoi (optarg
);
891 /* The available CIE versions are 1 (DWARF 2), 3 (DWARF 3), and 4
893 if (flag_dwarf_cie_version
< 1
894 || flag_dwarf_cie_version
== 2
895 || flag_dwarf_cie_version
> 4)
896 as_fatal (_("Invalid --gdwarf-cie-version `%s'"), optarg
);
897 switch (flag_dwarf_cie_version
)
915 flag_signed_overflow_ok
= 1;
918 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
920 flag_warn_displacement
= 1;
924 flag_keep_locals
= 1;
927 case OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH
:
928 listing_lhs_width
= atoi (optarg
);
929 if (listing_lhs_width_second
< listing_lhs_width
)
930 listing_lhs_width_second
= listing_lhs_width
;
932 case OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2
:
934 int tmp
= atoi (optarg
);
936 if (tmp
> listing_lhs_width
)
937 listing_lhs_width_second
= tmp
;
940 case OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH
:
941 listing_rhs_width
= atoi (optarg
);
943 case OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES
:
944 listing_lhs_cont_lines
= atoi (optarg
);
955 flag_readonly_data_in_text
= 1;
959 flag_no_warnings
= 1;
963 flag_no_warnings
= 0;
964 flag_fatal_warnings
= 0;
967 case OPTION_WARN_FATAL
:
968 flag_no_warnings
= 0;
969 flag_fatal_warnings
= 1;
972 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
973 case OPTION_EXECSTACK
:
975 flag_noexecstack
= 0;
978 case OPTION_NOEXECSTACK
:
979 flag_noexecstack
= 1;
983 # if defined (TARGET_USE_SCFI) && defined (TARGET_USE_GINSN)
985 if (optarg
&& strcasecmp (optarg
, "experimental") == 0)
986 flag_synth_cfi
= SYNTH_CFI_EXPERIMENTAL
;
988 as_fatal (_("Invalid --scfi= option: `%s'; suggested option: experimental"),
993 case OPTION_SIZE_CHECK
:
994 if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "error") == 0)
995 flag_allow_nonconst_size
= false;
996 else if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "warning") == 0)
997 flag_allow_nonconst_size
= true;
999 as_fatal (_("Invalid --size-check= option: `%s'"), optarg
);
1002 case OPTION_ELF_STT_COMMON
:
1003 if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "no") == 0)
1004 flag_use_elf_stt_common
= 0;
1005 else if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "yes") == 0)
1006 flag_use_elf_stt_common
= 1;
1008 as_fatal (_("Invalid --elf-stt-common= option: `%s'"),
1012 case OPTION_SECTNAME_SUBST
:
1013 flag_sectname_subst
= 1;
1016 case OPTION_ELF_BUILD_NOTES
:
1017 if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "no") == 0)
1018 flag_generate_build_notes
= false;
1019 else if (strcasecmp (optarg
, "yes") == 0)
1020 flag_generate_build_notes
= true;
1022 as_fatal (_("Invalid --generate-missing-build-notes option: `%s'"),
1027 flag_gen_sframe
= 1;
1030 #endif /* OBJ_ELF */
1033 flag_always_generate_output
= 1;
1037 listing
|= LISTING_LISTING
;
1039 listing_filename
= notes_strdup (optarg
);
1042 case OPTION_ALTERNATE
:
1043 optarg
= old_argv
[optind
- 1];
1044 while (* optarg
== '-')
1047 if (strcmp (optarg
, "alternate") == 0)
1049 flag_macro_alternate
= 1;
1058 if (optarg
!= old_argv
[optind
] && optarg
[-1] == '=')
1061 if (md_parse_option (optc
, optarg
) != 0)
1069 listing
|= LISTING_NOCOND
;
1072 listing
|= LISTING_NODEBUG
;
1075 listing
|= LISTING_GENERAL
;
1078 listing
|= LISTING_HLL
;
1081 listing
|= LISTING_GINSN_SCFI
;
1084 listing
|= LISTING_LISTING
;
1087 listing
|= LISTING_MACEXP
;
1090 listing
|= LISTING_NOFORM
;
1093 listing
|= LISTING_SYMBOLS
;
1096 listing_filename
= notes_strdup (optarg
+ 1);
1097 optarg
+= strlen (listing_filename
);
1100 as_fatal (_("invalid listing option `%c'"), *optarg
);
1107 listing
= LISTING_DEFAULT
;
1111 /* DEBUG is implemented: it debugs different
1112 things from other people's assemblers. */
1117 flag_no_comments
= 1;
1121 { /* Include file directory. */
1122 char *temp
= notes_strdup (optarg
);
1124 add_include_dir (temp
);
1129 out_file_name
= notes_strdup (optarg
);
1136 /* -X means treat warnings as errors. */
1139 case OPTION_REDUCE_MEMORY_OVERHEADS
:
1142 case OPTION_HASH_TABLE_SIZE
:
1153 #ifdef md_after_parse_args
1154 md_after_parse_args ();
1159 dump_statistics (void)
1161 long run_time
= get_run_time () - start_time
;
1163 fprintf (stderr
, _("%s: total time in assembly: %ld.%06ld\n"),
1164 myname
, run_time
/ 1000000, run_time
% 1000000);
1166 subsegs_print_statistics (stderr
);
1167 write_print_statistics (stderr
);
1168 symbol_print_statistics (stderr
);
1169 read_print_statistics (stderr
);
1171 #ifdef tc_print_statistics
1172 tc_print_statistics (stderr
);
1175 #ifdef obj_print_statistics
1176 obj_print_statistics (stderr
);
1180 /* Here to attempt 1 pass over each input file.
1181 We scan argv[*] looking for filenames or exactly "" which is
1182 shorthand for stdin. Any argv that is NULL is not a file-name.
1183 We set need_pass_2 TRUE if, after this, we still have unresolved
1184 expressions of the form (unknown value)+-(unknown value).
1186 Note the un*x semantics: there is only 1 logical input file, but it
1187 may be a catenation of many 'physical' input files. */
1190 perform_an_assembly_pass (int argc
, char ** argv
)
1194 flagword applicable
;
1200 /* Create the standard sections, and those the assembler uses
1202 text_section
= subseg_new (TEXT_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
1203 data_section
= subseg_new (DATA_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
1204 bss_section
= subseg_new (BSS_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
1205 /* @@ FIXME -- we're setting the RELOC flag so that sections are assumed
1206 to have relocs, otherwise we don't find out in time. */
1207 applicable
= bfd_applicable_section_flags (stdoutput
);
1208 bfd_set_section_flags (text_section
,
1209 applicable
& (SEC_ALLOC
| SEC_LOAD
| SEC_RELOC
1210 | SEC_CODE
| SEC_READONLY
));
1211 bfd_set_section_flags (data_section
,
1212 applicable
& (SEC_ALLOC
| SEC_LOAD
| SEC_RELOC
1214 bfd_set_section_flags (bss_section
, applicable
& SEC_ALLOC
);
1215 seg_info (bss_section
)->bss
= 1;
1217 subseg_new (BFD_ABS_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
1218 subseg_new (BFD_UND_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
1219 reg_section
= subseg_new ("*GAS `reg' section*", 0);
1220 expr_section
= subseg_new ("*GAS `expr' section*", 0);
1223 subseg_set (text_section
, 0);
1226 /* This may add symbol table entries, which requires having an open BFD,
1227 and sections already created. */
1244 { /* Is it a file-name argument? */
1246 /* argv->"" if stdin desired, else->filename. */
1247 read_a_source_file (*argv
);
1249 argv
++; /* Completed that argv. */
1252 read_a_source_file ("");
1258 _obstack_free (¬es
, NULL
);
1261 /* Early initialisation, before gas prints messages. */
1264 gas_early_init (int *argcp
, char ***argvp
)
1266 start_time
= get_run_time ();
1269 #ifdef HAVE_LC_MESSAGES
1270 setlocale (LC_MESSAGES
, "");
1272 setlocale (LC_CTYPE
, "");
1273 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE
, LOCALEDIR
);
1274 textdomain (PACKAGE
);
1279 #ifndef OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
1280 #define OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME "a.out"
1283 out_file_name
= OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
;
1286 if (bfd_init () != BFD_INIT_MAGIC
)
1287 as_fatal (_("libbfd ABI mismatch"));
1289 obstack_begin (¬es
, chunksize
);
1290 xatexit (free_notes
);
1293 xmalloc_set_program_name (myname
);
1294 bfd_set_error_program_name (myname
);
1296 expandargv (argcp
, argvp
);
1298 init_include_dir ();
1300 #ifdef HOST_SPECIAL_INIT
1301 HOST_SPECIAL_INIT (*argcp
, *argvp
);
1304 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
1305 select_emulation_mode (*argcp
, *argvp
);
1309 /* The bulk of gas initialisation. This is after args are parsed. */
1318 input_scrub_begin ();
1326 local_symbol_make (".gasversion.", absolute_section
,
1327 &predefined_address_frag
, BFD_VERSION
/ 10000UL);
1329 /* Note: Put new initialisation calls that don't depend on stdoutput
1330 being open above this point. stdoutput must be open for anything
1331 that might use stdoutput objalloc memory, eg. calling bfd_alloc
1332 or creating global symbols (via bfd_make_empty_symbol). */
1333 xatexit (output_file_close
);
1334 output_file_create (out_file_name
);
1335 gas_assert (stdoutput
!= 0);
1337 /* Must be called before output_file_close. xexit calls the xatexit
1338 list in reverse order. */
1339 if (flag_print_statistics
)
1340 xatexit (dump_statistics
);
1344 #ifdef tc_init_after_args
1345 tc_init_after_args ();
1350 /* Now that we have fully initialized, and have created the output
1351 file, define any symbols requested by --defsym command line
1353 while (defsyms
!= NULL
)
1356 struct defsym_list
*next
;
1358 sym
= symbol_new (defsyms
->name
, absolute_section
,
1359 &zero_address_frag
, defsyms
->value
);
1360 /* Make symbols defined on the command line volatile, so that they
1361 can be redefined inside a source file. This makes this assembler's
1362 behaviour compatible with earlier versions, but it may not be
1363 completely intuitive. */
1364 S_SET_VOLATILE (sym
);
1365 symbol_table_insert (sym
);
1366 next
= defsyms
->next
;
1373 main (int argc
, char ** argv
)
1375 char ** argv_orig
= argv
;
1378 gas_early_init (&argc
, &argv
);
1380 /* Call parse_args before gas_init so that switches like
1381 --hash-size can be honored. */
1382 parse_args (&argc
, &argv
);
1384 if (argc
> 1 && stat (out_file_name
, &sob
) == 0)
1388 for (i
= 1; i
< argc
; ++i
)
1392 /* Check that the input file and output file are different. */
1393 if (stat (argv
[i
], &sib
) == 0
1394 && sib
.st_ino
== sob
.st_ino
1395 /* POSIX emulating systems may support stat() but if the
1396 underlying file system does not support a file serial number
1397 of some kind then they will return 0 for the inode. So
1398 two files with an inode of 0 may not actually be the same.
1399 On real POSIX systems no ordinary file will ever have an
1402 /* Different files may have the same inode number if they
1403 reside on different devices, so check the st_dev field as
1405 && sib
.st_dev
== sob
.st_dev
1406 /* PR 25572: Only check regular files. Devices, sockets and so
1407 on might actually work as both input and output. Plus there
1408 is a use case for using /dev/null as both input and output
1409 when checking for command line option support in a script:
1410 as --foo /dev/null -o /dev/null; if $? then ... */
1411 && S_ISREG (sib
.st_mode
))
1413 const char *saved_out_file_name
= out_file_name
;
1415 /* Don't let as_fatal remove the output file! */
1416 out_file_name
= NULL
;
1417 as_fatal (_("The input '%s' and output '%s' files are the same"),
1418 argv
[i
], saved_out_file_name
);
1426 perform_an_assembly_pass (argc
, argv
);
1428 cond_finish_check (-1);
1434 #if defined OBJ_ELF || defined OBJ_MAYBE_ELF
1435 if ((flag_execstack
|| flag_noexecstack
)
1436 && OUTPUT_FLAVOR
== bfd_target_elf_flavour
)
1440 gnustack
= subseg_new (".note.GNU-stack", 0);
1441 bfd_set_section_flags (gnustack
,
1442 SEC_READONLY
| (flag_execstack
? SEC_CODE
: 0));
1449 /* If we've been collecting dwarf2 .debug_line info, either for
1450 assembly debugging or on behalf of the compiler, emit it now. */
1453 /* If we constructed dwarf2 .eh_frame info, either via .cfi
1454 directives from the user or by the backend, emit it now. */
1458 if (seen_at_least_1_file ())
1460 int n_warns
, n_errs
;
1464 write_object_file ();
1466 n_warns
= had_warnings ();
1467 n_errs
= had_errors ();
1470 ngettext ("%d warning", "%d warnings", n_warns
), n_warns
);
1472 ngettext ("%d error", "%d errors", n_errs
), n_errs
);
1473 if (flag_fatal_warnings
&& n_warns
!= 0)
1476 as_bad (_("%s, treating warnings as errors"), warn_msg
);
1482 else if (flag_always_generate_output
)
1484 /* The -Z flag indicates that an object file should be generated,
1485 regardless of warnings and errors. */
1487 fprintf (stderr
, _("%s, %s, generating bad object file\n"),
1495 listing_print (listing_filename
, argv_orig
);
1500 /* Use xexit instead of return, because under VMS environments they
1501 may not place the same interpretation on the value given. */
1502 if (had_errors () != 0)
1503 xexit (EXIT_FAILURE
);
1505 /* Only generate dependency file if assembler was successful. */
1506 print_dependencies ();
1508 xexit (EXIT_SUCCESS
);