3 * The separate debug info file options of readelf (--debug-dump=links
4 and --debug-dump=follow) and objdump (--dwarf=links and
5 --dwarf=follow-links) will now display and/or follow multiple links if
6 more than one are present in a file. (This usually happens when gcc's
7 -gsplit-dwarf option is used).
9 In addition objdump's --dwarf=follow-links now also affects its other
10 display options, so that for example, when combined with --syms it will
11 cause the symbol tables in any linked debug info files to also be
12 displayed. In addition when combined with --disassemble the --dwarf=
13 follow-links option will ensure that any symbol tables in the linked
14 files are read and used when disassembling code in the main file.
18 * The addr2line, c++filt, nm and objdump tools now have a limit on the
19 maximum amount of recursion that is allowed whilst demangling strings.
20 The value for this limit is defined by the DEMANGLE_RECRUSE_LIMIT
21 constant declared in the include/demangle.h header file. At the time
22 of writing this constant has the value of 2048.
24 The --no-recurse-limit option can be used to remove the limit, restoring
25 the behaviour of earlier versions of these tools. This may be needed in
26 order to dmangle truly complicated names, but it also leaves the tools
27 vulnerable to stack exhaustion from maliciously constructed mangled names.
29 * Objdump's --disassemble option can now take a parameter, specifying the
30 starting symbol for disassembly. Disassembly will continue from this
31 symbol up to the next symbol or the end of the function.
33 * The MIPS port now supports the Loongson 2K1000 processor which implements
34 the MIPS64r2 ISA, the Loongson-mmi ASE, Loongson-cam ASE, Loongson-ext ASE,
35 Loongson-ext2 ASE and MSA ASE instructions. Add -march=gs264e option for
36 Loongson 2K1000 processor.
38 * The MIPS port now supports the Loongson 3A2000/3A3000 processor which
39 implements the MIPS64r2 ISA, the Loongson-mmi ASE, Loongson-cam ASE,
40 Loongson-ext ASE and Loongson-ext2 ASE instructions. Add -march=gs464e
41 option for Loongson 3A2000/3A3000 processor.
43 * The MIPS port now supports the Loongson 3A1000 processor, aka Loongson3a,
44 which implements the MIPS64r2 ISA, the Loongson-mmi ASE, Loongson-cam ASE
45 and Loongson-ext ASE instructions. Add -march=gs464 option for Loongson
46 3A1000 processor, The -march=loongson3a is an alias of -march=gs464 for
49 * The size tool now has a new output format '--format=GNU' or '-G'. The
50 results are displayed in a similar manor to the default berkeley layout,
51 except read-only data is counted in the data column, not the text column.
52 Additionally the total is only included once.
56 * Add support for disassembling netronome Flow Processor (NFP) firmware files.
58 * The AArch64 port now supports showing disassembly notes which are emitted
59 when inconsistencies are found with the instruction that may result in the
60 instruction being invalid. These can be turned on with the option -M notes
63 * The AArch64 port now emits warnings when a combination of an instruction and
64 a named register could be invalid.
66 * Added O modifier to ar to display member offsets inside an archive
70 * Add --debug-dump=links option to readelf and --dwarf=links option to objdump
71 which displays the contents of any .gnu_debuglink or .gnu_debugaltlink
74 Add a --debug-dump=follow-links option to readelf and a --dwarf=follow-links
75 option to objdump which causes indirect links into separate debug info files
76 to be followed when dumping other DWARF sections.
80 * The MIPS port now supports microMIPS eXtended Physical Addressing (XPA)
81 instructions for assembly and disassembly.
83 * The MIPS port now supports the microMIPS Release 5 ISA for assembly and
86 * The MIPS port now supports the Imagination interAptiv MR2 processor,
87 which implements the MIPS32r3 ISA, the MIPS16e2 ASE as well as a couple
88 of implementation-specific regular MIPS and MIPS16e2 ASE instructions.
90 * The SPARC port now supports the SPARC M8 processor, which implements the
91 Oracle SPARC Architecture 2017.
93 * The MIPS port now supports the MIPS16e2 ASE for assembly and disassembly.
95 * Add support for ELF SHF_GNU_MBIND and PT_GNU_MBIND_XXX.
97 * Add support for the wasm32 ELF conversion of the WebAssembly file format.
99 * Add --inlines option to objdump, which extends the --line-numbers option
100 so that inlined functions will display their nesting information.
102 * Add --merge-notes options to objcopy to reduce the size of notes in
103 a binary file by merging and deleting redundant notes.
105 * Add support for locating separate debug info files using the build-id
106 method, where the separate file has a name based upon the build-id of
111 * This version of binutils fixes a problem with PowerPC VLE 16A and 16D
112 relocations which were functionally swapped, for example,
113 R_PPC_VLE_HA16A performed like R_PPC_VLE_HA16D while R_PPC_VLE_HA16D
114 performed like R_PPC_VLE_HA16A. This could have been fixed by
115 renumbering relocations, which would keep object files created by an
116 older version of gas compatible with a newer ld. However, that would
117 require an ABI update, affecting other assemblers and linkers that
118 create and process the relocations correctly. It is recommended that
119 all VLE object files be recompiled, but ld can modify the relocations
120 if --vle-reloc-fixup is passed to ld. If the new ld command-line
121 option is not used, ld will ld warn on finding relocations inconsistent
122 with the instructions being relocated.
124 * The nm program has a new command-line option (--with-version-strings)
125 which will display a symbol's version information, if any, after the
128 * The ARC port of objdump now accepts a -M option to specify the extra
129 instruction class(es) that should be disassembled.
131 * The --remove-section option for objcopy and strip now accepts section
132 patterns starting with an exclamation point to indicate a non-matching
133 section. A non-matching section is removed from the set of sections
134 matched by an earlier --remove-section pattern.
136 * The --only-section option for objcopy now accepts section patterns
137 starting with an exclamation point to indicate a non-matching section.
138 A non-matching section is removed from the set of sections matched by
139 an earlier --only-section pattern.
141 * New --remove-relocations=SECTIONPATTERN option for objcopy and strip.
142 This option can be used to remove sections containing relocations.
143 The SECTIONPATTERN is the section to which the relocations apply, not
144 the relocation section itself.
148 * Add a configure option, --enable-64-bit-archive, to force use of a
149 64-bit format when creating an archive symbol index.
151 * Add --elf-stt-common= option to objcopy for ELF targets to control
152 whether to convert common symbols to the STT_COMMON type.
156 * Add option to objcopy to insert new symbols into a file:
157 --add-symbol <name>=[<section>:]<value>[,<flags>]
159 * Add support for the ARC EM/HS, and ARC600/700 architectures.
161 * Extend objcopy --compress-debug-sections option to support
162 --compress-debug-sections=[none|zlib|zlib-gnu|zlib-gabi] for ELF
165 * Add --update-section option to objcopy.
167 * Add --output-separator option to strings.
171 * Add --data option to strings to only print strings in loadable, initialized
172 data sections. Change the default behaviour to be --all, but add a new
173 configure time option of --disable-default-strings-all to restore the old
176 * Add --include-all-whitespace to strings.
178 * Add --dump-section option to objcopy.
180 * Add support for the Andes NDS32.
184 * Objcopy now supports wildcard characters in command-line options that take
187 * Add support for Altera Nios II.
191 * Add support for the VLE extension to the PowerPC architecture.
193 * Add support for x64 Windows target of the delayed-load-library.
195 * Add support for the Renesas RL78 architecture.
199 * Add support for displaying the contents of .debug.macro sections.
201 * Add --preprocessor-arg option to windres to specify additional options
202 passed to preprocessor.
204 * Add --dwarf-start and --dwarf-end to readelf and objdump. These are used by
205 the new Emacs mode, see dwarf-mode.el.
207 * Add support for the Tilera TILEPro and TILE-Gx architectures.
211 * Add --interleave-width option to objcopy to allowing copying a range of
212 bytes from the input to the output with the --interleave option.
214 * Add support for the TMS320C6000 (TI C6X) processor family.
216 * Readelf can now display ARM unwind tables (.ARM.exidx / .ARM.extab) using
217 the -u / --unwind option.
219 * Add --dyn-syms to readelf to dump dynamic symbol table.
221 * A new tool - elfedit - has been added to directly manipulate ELF format
224 * Add to dlltool .def file feature of aliasing PE internal symbol name by
227 * Add a new command-line option -a / --addresses to addr2line to display the
228 address before function name or source filename.
230 * Add a new command-line option -p / --pretty-print to addr2line to have
231 a more human readable output.
233 * The hppa/som targets can now be compiled on any host.
237 * Add support for delay importing to dlltool. Use the --output-delaylib <file>
238 switch to create a delay-import library. The resulting app will load the dll
239 as soon as the first function is called. It will link to __delayLoadHelper2()
240 from the static delayimp library, which will import LoadLibraryA and
241 GetProcAddress from kernel32.
243 * Add a new command-line option, --insn-width=WIDTH, to objdump to specify
244 number of bytes to be displayed on a single line when disassembling
247 * Readelf can now display the relocated contents of a section as a sequence
248 of bytes via the --relocated-dump=<name|number> command-line option.
250 * The gprof program has been given a new command-line option:
251 --external-symbols-table=<filename> which reads in symbols from a specified
254 * The plugin target has been added to bfd. It can load the same shared objects
255 used by gold and uses them to provide basic support for new file formats.
257 * The verilog memory hex dump file format is now supported as an output format
260 * Add --file-alignment, --heap, --image-base, --section-alignment,
261 --stack and --subsystem command-line options to objcopy, which will
262 set PE optional header.
264 * Option --dwarf/-W of objdump is now as flexible as readelf --debug-dump/-w.
266 * --as-needed now links in a dynamic library if it satisfies undefined
267 symbols in regular objects, or in other dynamic libraries. In the
268 latter case the library is not linked if it is found in a DT_NEEDED
269 entry of one of the libraries already linked.
271 * Added --prefix=PREFIX and --prefix-strip=LEVEL switches to objdump to
272 add absolute paths for -S.
274 * Add new option --use-nul-prefixed-import-tables to dlltool to allow fall-
275 back to old import table generation with null element prefix.
277 * Added --identify-strict switch to cause --identify <implib> to
278 report an error when the import library is associated with
281 * Added --identify <implib> option to dlltool, which determines the
282 name of the DLL associated with the specified <implib>.
284 * Support for PowerPC booke64 instructions has been removed. The assembler no
285 longer accepts -mbooke32 or -mbooke64 and the disassembler no longer accepts
286 -Mbooke32 or -Mbooke64. Instead, -mbooke and -Mbooke should be used.
290 * Added -wL switch to dump decoded contents of .debug_line.
292 * Added support for "thin" archives which contain pathnames pointing to
293 object files rather than the files themselves and which contain a
294 flattened symbol index for all objects, and archives, which have been
295 added to the archive.
297 * Added -F switch to objdump to include file offsets in the disassembly.
299 * Added -c switch to readelf to allow string dumps of archive symbol index.
301 * Support for SSE5 has been added to the i386 port.
303 * Added -p switch to readelf to allow string dumps of sections.
307 * Resolved 37 coding problems in bfd including static array overruns, null
308 pointer dereferences and use of a malloc buffer after it has been freed, as
309 revealed by static analysis donated by Coverity, Inc. (http://scan.coverity.com).
311 * The binutils sources are now released under version 3 of the GNU General
314 * A new tool "windmc" has been added for some targets. This is a message
315 compiler which attempts to be compatible with the MS version.
317 * Add codepage support to the windres tool. It now supports many new
318 resource types (e.g. MANIFEST, TOOLBAR, etc). The output generation
319 for binary files is done now via bfd itself. The endianess problems
320 for different hosts are solved. Dumps of .res files can now be
321 re-compiled by windres without lossing resources or compilation errors.
322 Some problems on dialog resource translations are corrected.
324 * Add --extract-symbol command-line option to objcopy, which will
325 strip everything out of an ordinary object file or executable except
326 for its symbol table. Files containing just symbols can be useful
331 * Add "-x NAME" to readelf in addition to "-x NUMBER".
333 * Add -i and -t switches to cxxfilt. -i disables the display of implementation
334 specific extra demangling information (if any) and -t disables the demangling
337 * Add support for the "@<file>" syntax to the command lines of all tools, so
338 that extra switches can be read from <file>.
340 * Add "-W/--dwarf" to objdump to display the contents of the DWARF
343 * Add "-t/--section-details" to readelf to display section details.
344 "-N/--full-section-name" is deprecated.
346 * powerpc-linux ld now supports a variant form of PLT and GOT for the security
347 conscious. This form will automatically be chosen when ld detects that all
348 code in regular object files was generated by gcc -msecure-plt. The old PLT
349 and GOT may be forced by a new ld option, --bss-plt.
351 * Add "-i/--inlines" to addr2line to print enclosing scope information
352 for inlined function chains, back to first non-inlined function.
354 * Add "-N/--full-section-name" to readelf to display full section name.
356 * Add "-M entry:<addr>" switch to objdump to specify a function entry address
357 when disassembling VAX binaries.
359 * Add "--globalize-symbol <name>" and "--globalize-symbols <filename>" switches
360 to objcopy to convert local symbols into global symbols.
362 * gprof now allows input files to have histogram records for
363 several memory ranges, provided those ranges are disjoint.
367 * Add "-g/--section-groups" to readelf to display section groups.
369 * objcopy recognizes two new options --strip-unneeded-symbol and
370 --strip-unneeded-symbols, namely for use together with the wildcard
371 matching the original --strip-symbol/--strip-symbols provided, but
372 retaining any symbols matching but needed by relocations.
374 * readelf can now display address ranges from .debug_range sections. This
375 happens automatically when a DW_AT_range attribute is encountered. The
376 command-line switch --debug-dump=Ranges (or -wR) can also be used to display
377 the contents of the .debug_range section.
379 * nm and objdump now have a switch "--special-syms" to enable the displaying of
380 symbols which the target considers to be special. By default these symbols
381 are no longer displayed. Currently the only special symbols are the Mapping
382 symbols used by the ARM port to mark transitions between text and data and
383 between ARM and THUMB code.
385 * dlltool has a switch "--ext-prefix-alias <prefix>" to generate additional
386 import and export symbols with <preifx> prepended to them.
390 * objcopy for MIPS targets now accepts "-M no-aliases" as an option to the
391 disassembler to print the "raw" mips instruction mnemonic instead of some
392 pseudo instruction name. I.E. print "daddu" or "or" instead of "move",
393 "sll" instead of "nop", etc.
395 * objcopy and strip can now take wildcard patterns in symbol names specified on
396 the command line provided that the --wildcard switch is used to enable them.
398 * readelf can now parse archives.
400 * objdump now accepts --debugging-tags to print the debug information in a
401 format compatible with ctags tool.
403 * objcopy and strip now accept --only-keep-debug to create a file containing
404 those sections that would be stripped out by --strip-debug. The idea is that
405 this can be used in conjunction with the --add-gnu-debuglink switch to create
406 a two part program distribution - one a stripped executable and the other the
409 * objcopy now accepts --add-gnu-debuglink=<file> to insert a .gnu_debuglink
410 section into a (presumably stripped) executable. This allows the debug
411 information for the file to be held in a separate file.
413 * BFD marks the sections .comment and .note as 'n' in the BSD/POSIX
414 single-character representation. This can be checked by running nm
419 * Added --info switch to objcopy and strip.
421 * Support for Vitesse IQ2000 added by Red Hat.
423 * Added 'S' encoding to strings to allow the display of 8-bit characters.
425 * Added --prefix-symbols=<text>, --prefix-sections=<text> and
426 --prefix-alloc-sections=<text> to objcopy.
428 * readelf can handle the extensions to the DWARF2 spec used by the Unified
431 * BFD no longer declares a "boolean" type, to avoid clashes with other
432 headers that declare the same. Users of BFD should replace boolean,
433 false and true, with int, 0 and 1, or define their own boolean type.
435 * Support for IP2K added by Denis Chertykov.
439 * Support for the Fujitsu FRV architecture added by Red Hat. Models for FR400
442 Changes in version 2.12:
444 * Support for Don Knuth's MMIX, by Hans-Peter Nilsson.
446 * size: Add --totals to display summary of sizes (Berkeley format only).
448 * readelf: Add --wide option to not break section header or segment listing
449 lines to fit into 80 columns.
451 * strings: Add --encoding to display wide character strings. By Markus Kuhn.
453 * objcopy: Add --rename-section to change section names.
455 * readelf: Support added for DWARF 2.1 extensions. Support added for
456 displaying the contents of .debug.macinfo sections.
458 * New command-line switches added to objcopy to allow symbols to be kept as
459 global symbols, and also to specify files containing lists of such symbols.
462 * Support for OpenRISC by Johan Rydberg.
464 * New command-line switch to objcopy --alt-machine-code which creates a binary
465 with an alternate machine code if one is defined in the architecture
466 description. Only supported for ELF targets. By Alexandre Oliva.
468 * New command-line switch to objcopy -B (or --binary-architecture) which sets
469 the architecture of the output file to the given argument. This option only
470 makes sense, if the input target is binary. Otherwise it is ignored.
473 * Support for PDP-11 by Lars Brinkhoff.
475 Changes in binutils 2.11:
477 * Add support for ARM v5t and v5te architectures and Intel's XScale ARM
480 * Add --srec-len and --srec-forceS3 command-line switch to objcopy.
483 * Support for the MIPS32, by Anders Norlander.
485 * Support for the i860, by Jason Eckhardt.
487 * Support for CRIS (Axis Communications ETRAX series).
489 Changes in binutils 2.10:
491 * Support for 64-bit ELF on HPPA.
493 * New command-line switch to objdump --file-start-context which shows the
494 entire file contents up to the source line first encountered for a given
497 * New command-line switch to objdump -M (or --disassembler-options) which takes
498 a parameter which can then be interpreted on a per-target basis by the
499 disassembler. Used by ARM targets to select register name sets, ISA, APCS or
502 * objdump support for -mi386:intel which causes disassembly to be displayed
505 * New program: readelf. This displays the contents of ELF format files,
506 regardless of target machine.
508 * objcopy now takes --change-section-lma, --change-section-vma, and
509 --change-section-address options. The old --adjust-section-vma option is
510 equivalent to --change-section-address. The other --adjust-* options are now
511 renamed to --change-*, although --adjust-* continues to work.
513 * objcopy has a --redefine-sym option that lets you rename symbols.
515 * objcopy now takes a -j/--only-section option to copy only the specified
518 * dlltool now supports the IMPORTS command.
520 * dlltool now takes --export-all-symbols, --no-export-all-symbols,
521 --exclude-symbols, and --no-default-excludes options.
523 Changes in binutils 2.9:
525 * Added windres program, which can be used to manipulate resources in WIN32
526 files as used on Windows 95 and Windows NT.
528 * The objcopy --gap-fill and --pad-to options operate on the LMA rather than
529 the VMA of the sections.
531 * Added S modifier to ar to not build a symbol table.
533 Changes in binutils 2.8:
535 * The objdump disassembly format has been changed, and hopefully improved. Use
536 the new --prefix-addresses option to get the old format. There are also new
537 --disassemble-zeroes and --no-show-raw-insn options which affect disassembler
540 * Formats may now be specified as configuration triplets. For example,
541 objdump -b i386-pc-linux. The triplets are not passed through config.sub,
542 so they must be in canonical form.
544 * Added new addr2line program. This uses the debugging information to convert
545 an address into a file name and line number within a program.
547 * Added --change-leading-char argument to objcopy.
549 * Added --weaken argument to objcopy.
551 * objdump --dynamic-reloc now works on ELF executables and shared libraries.
553 * Added --adjust-vma option to objdump.
555 * Added -C/--demangle option to objdump.
557 * Added -p/--preserve-dates option to strip and objcopy.
559 Changes in binutils 2.7:
561 * Added --enable-shared and --enable-commonbfdlib options to configure.
563 * Added --debugging argument to objdump and objcopy.
565 * Added --defined-only argument to nm.
567 * Added --remove-leading-char argument to objcopy.
569 * The objdump --line-numbers option is now meaningful with --reloc.
571 * Added --line-numbers option to nm.
573 * Added --endian/-EB/-EL option to objdump.
575 * Added support for Alpha OpenVMS/AXP.
577 Changes in binutils 2.6:
579 * Added -N/--strip-symbol and -K/--keep-symbol arguments to strip and objcopy.
581 * Added several arguments to objcopy to provide some control over how the new
582 file is laid out in memory. Also added binary output format to BFD to permit
583 generating plain binary files.
585 * Added --start-address and --stop-address options to objdump.
587 * ar and ranlib now work on AIX. The tools are now built by default on AIX.
589 Changes in binutils 2.5:
591 * Changed objdump -dr to dump the relocs interspersed with the assembly
592 listing, for a more useful listing of relocatable files.
594 * Changed objdump -d/--disassemble to only disassemble SEC_CODE sections.
595 Added -D/--disassemble-all option to disassemble all sections.
597 * Added --size-sort option to nm.
599 * strip and objcopy should now be able to handle dynamically linked ELF
602 Changes in binutils 2.4:
604 * Support for HP-PA (by Jeff Law), i386 Mach (by David Mackenzie), RS/6000 and
605 PowerPC (except ar and ranlib; by Ian Taylor).
607 * Support for Irix 5.
609 * Programs `strip' and `objcopy' will not attempt to write dynamically linked
610 ELF output files, since BFD currently can't create them properly.
612 Changes in binutils 2.3:
614 * A new --stabs argument has been added to objdump to dump stabs sections in
617 * A new program, nlmconv, has been added. It can convert object files into
618 Novell NetWare Loadable Modules.
620 * The strings program has been added.
622 Changes in binutils 2.2:
624 * The 'copy' program has been renamed to 'objcopy', for consistency with
625 'objdump', and because 'copy' might more plausibly be used as a synonym for
628 * The new stand-alone program c++filt is a filter that converts encoded
629 (mangled) C++ assembly-level identifiers to user-level names. (Note: This
630 may get moved to the gcc distribution.)
632 * nm -o on an archive now prefixes each line with the archive name, matching
633 the output from BSD nm.
635 * ar (and ld) can now read (but not write) BSD4.4-style archives.
637 * New support for H8500, Z8000, and the Hitach SH.
639 * Dis-assembler interface changed to allow sharing with gdb.
641 * There is new Elf code, but it is not yet ready for general use.
643 * There is the beginnings of a test suite.
645 Changes in binutils 2.1:
647 * There is now support for writing ECOFF files, so ld and the other utilities
648 should work on Risc/Ultrix and Irix. Please let us know how well this works.
650 * ar now automatically creates a symbol table (a __.SYMDEF member, in the BSD
651 version), if there are any object files in the archive. So running ranlib is
652 now redundant (unless the non-standard q command is used). This is required
653 for Posix.2 conformance.
655 * The archive-reading code now reads both BSD-style and SYSV-style archives
656 independently of the selected target format. This is to encourage people to
657 switch to SYSV-format, which has a number of advantages.
659 * The strip and copy programs now have options to remove debug-symbols only
660 and/or local symbols only. They now also support long options.
663 Copyright (C) 2012-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
665 Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
666 are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
667 notice and this notice are preserved.