1 @c Copyright (C) 2006-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
3 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
8 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
12 @node Machine Dependencies
13 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
18 * AVR Options:: Options
20 * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes
21 * AVR Pseudo Instructions:: Pseudo Instructions
26 @cindex AVR options (none)
27 @cindex options for AVR (none)
31 @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command-line option, AVR
33 Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type.
35 Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C
36 compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200,
37 attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28).
39 Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to
40 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343,
41 attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534,
44 Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory
45 space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313,
46 attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84,
47 attiny84a, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461,
48 attiny461a, attiny861, attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88,
49 attiny828, at86rf401, ata6289, ata5272).
51 Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program
52 memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711).
54 Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program
55 memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320).
57 Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP
58 instructions (MCU types: attiny167, attiny1634, at90usb82, at90usb162,
59 atmega8u2, atmega16u2, atmega32u2, ata5505).
61 Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program
62 memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48a, atmega48pa, atmega48p, atmega8,
63 atmega8a, atmega88, atmega88a, atmega88p, atmega88pa, atmega8515, atmega8535,
64 atmega8hva, at90pwm1, at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81,
67 Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program
68 memory space (MCU types: at90pwm161, atmega16, atmega16a, atmega161, atmega162,
69 atmega163, atmega164a, atmega164p, atmega164pa, atmega165, atmega165a,
70 atmega165p, atmega165pa, atmega168, atmega168a, atmega168p, atmega168pa,
71 atmega169, atmega169a, atmega169p, atmega169pa, atmega32, atmega323, atmega324a,
72 atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega32, atmega32a, atmega323,
73 atmega324a, atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega325p,
74 atmega325p, atmega325pa, atmega3250, atmega3250a, atmega3250p, atmega3250pa,
75 atmega328, atmega328p, atmega329, atmega329a, atmega329p, atmega329pa,
76 atmega3290a, atmega3290p, atmega3290pa, atmega406, atmega64, atmega64a,
77 atmega64rfr2, atmega644rfr2, atmega640, atmega644, atmega644a, atmega644p,
78 atmega644pa, atmega645, atmega645a, atmega645p, atmega6450, atmega6450a,
79 atmega6450p, atmega649, atmega649a, atmega649p, atmega6490, atmega6490a,
80 atmega6490p, atmega16hva, atmega16hva2, atmega16hvb, atmega16hvbrevb,
81 atmega32hvb, atmega32hvbrevb, atmega64hve, at90can32, at90can64, at90pwm161,
82 at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1, atmega16m1, atmega32m1,
83 atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4, atmega32u6, at90usb646, at90usb647, at94k,
84 at90scr100, ata5790, ata5795).
86 Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K
87 program memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega128a, atmega1280,
88 atmega1281, atmega1284, atmega1284p, atmega128rfa1, atmega128rfr2,
89 atmega1284rfr2, at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000).
91 Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC
92 (MCU types: atmega2560, atmega2561, atmega256rfr2, atmega2564rfr2).
94 Instruction set avrxmega2 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K
95 program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types:
96 atxmega16a4, atxmega16a4u, atxmega16c4, atxmega16d4, atxmega16x1,
97 atxmega32a4, atxmega32a4u, atxmega32c4, atxmega32d4, atxmega16e5,
98 atxmega8e5, atxmega32e5, atxmega32x1).
100 Instruction set avrxmega3 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K
101 of combined program memory and RAM, and with program memory
102 visible in the RAM address space (MCU types:
103 attiny212, attiny214, attiny412, attiny414, attiny416, attiny417,
104 attiny814, attiny816, attiny817, attiny1614, attiny1616, attiny1617,
105 attiny3214, attiny3216, attiny3217).
107 Instruction set avrxmega4 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K
108 program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types:
109 atxmega64a3, atxmega64a3u, atxmega64a4u, atxmega64b1, atxmega64b3,
110 atxmega64c3, atxmega64d3, atxmega64d4).
112 Instruction set avrxmega5 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K
113 program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types:
114 atxmega64a1, atxmega64a1u).
116 Instruction set avrxmega6 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than
117 64K program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types:
118 atxmega128a3, atxmega128a3u, atxmega128c3, atxmega128d3, atxmega128d4,
119 atxmega192a3, atxmega192a3u, atxmega128b1, atxmega128b3, atxmega192c3,
120 atxmega192d3, atxmega256a3, atxmega256a3u, atxmega256a3b,
121 atxmega256a3bu, atxmega256c3, atxmega256d3, atxmega384c3,
124 Instruction set avrxmega7 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than
125 64K program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types:
126 atxmega128a1, atxmega128a1u, atxmega128a4u).
128 Instruction set avrtiny is for the ATtiny4/5/9/10/20/40
131 @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command-line option, AVR
133 Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}.
135 @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command-line option, AVR
137 This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions.
139 @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command-line option, AVR
141 This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around.
143 @cindex @code{-mrmw} command-line option, AVR
145 Accept Read-Modify-Write (@code{XCH,LAC,LAS,LAT}) instructions.
147 @cindex @code{-mlink-relax} command-line option, AVR
149 Enable support for link-time relaxation. This is now on by default
150 and this flag no longer has any effect.
152 @cindex @code{-mno-link-relax} command-line option, AVR
153 @item -mno-link-relax
154 Disable support for link-time relaxation. The assembler will resolve
155 relocations when it can, and may be able to better compress some debug
158 @cindex @code{-mgcc-isr} command-line option, AVR
160 Enable the @code{__gcc_isr} pseudo instruction.
162 @cindex @code{-mno-dollar-line-separator} command line option, AVR
163 @item -mno-dollar-line-separator
164 Do not treat the @code{$} character as a line separator character.
165 This is for languages where @code{$} is valid character inside symbol
174 * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters
175 * AVR-Regs:: Register Names
176 * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers
180 @subsection Special Characters
182 @cindex line comment character, AVR
183 @cindex AVR line comment character
185 The presence of a @samp{;} anywhere on a line indicates the start of a
186 comment that extends to the end of that line.
188 If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line, the whole line
189 is treated as a comment, but in this case the line can also be a
190 logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor
191 control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
193 @cindex line separator, AVR
194 @cindex statement separator, AVR
195 @cindex AVR line separator
197 The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate
198 statements. Note: the @option{-mno-dollar-line-separator} option
199 disables this behaviour.
202 @subsection Register Names
204 @cindex AVR register names
205 @cindex register names, AVR
207 The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0},
208 @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}.
209 Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address
210 register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address
211 pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in
212 Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit
213 @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers.
222 @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers
224 @cindex AVR modifiers
227 The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses
228 in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following:
231 modifier(relocatable-expression)
235 @cindex symbol modifiers
239 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
240 an address expression as an 8 bit relocatable expression.
244 This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression
245 as an 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the
246 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier.
257 This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of
258 an address expression as an 8 bit relocatable expression.
259 Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants.
263 Synonym of @samp{hh8}.
267 This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of
268 an expression as an 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the
269 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8},
270 @samp{hhi8}, modifier.
275 ldi r26, lo8(285774925)
276 ldi r27, hi8(285774925)
277 ldi r28, hlo8(285774925)
278 ldi r29, hhi8(285774925)
279 ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925
284 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
285 an address expression as an 8 bit relocatable expression.
286 This modifier is useful for addressing data or code from
287 Flash/Program memory by two-byte words. The use of @samp{pm_lo8}
288 is similar to @samp{lo8}.
292 This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of
293 an address expression as an 8 bit relocatable expression.
294 This modifier is useful for addressing data or code from
295 Flash/Program memory by two-byte words.
297 For example, when setting the AVR @samp{Z} register with the @samp{ldi}
298 instruction for subsequent use by the @samp{ijmp} instruction:
308 This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of
309 an address expression as an 8 bit relocatable expression.
310 This modifier is useful for addressing data or code from
311 Flash/Program memory by two-byte words.
318 @cindex AVR opcode summary
319 @cindex opcode summary, AVR
320 @cindex mnemonics, AVR
321 @cindex instruction summary, AVR
322 For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see
323 @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}.
325 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes.
326 The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments.
331 d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)}
332 v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)}
333 a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)}
334 w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)}
335 e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)}
336 b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)}
337 z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])}
338 M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255}
339 n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible}
340 s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7}
341 P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)}
342 p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)}
343 K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')}
344 i @r{immediate value}
345 l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63}
346 L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047}
347 h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)}
348 S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)}
349 ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry}
367 100101001SSS1000 bclr S
368 100101000SSS1000 bset S
369 1001010100001001 icall
370 1001010000001001 ijmp
371 1001010111001000 lpm ?
372 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z
373 1001010111011000 elpm ?
374 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z
377 1001010100011000 reti
378 1001010110001000 sleep
379 1001010110011000 break
382 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r
383 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r
384 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r
385 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r
386 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r
387 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r
388 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r
389 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r
390 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r
391 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r
392 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r
393 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r
394 001001rdddddrrrr clr r
395 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r
396 000111rdddddrrrr rol r
397 001000rdddddrrrr tst r
398 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M
399 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n
400 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M
401 11101111dddd1111 ser d
402 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M
403 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M
404 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M
405 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M
406 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M
407 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s
408 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s
409 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s
410 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s
411 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P
412 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r
413 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K
414 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K
415 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s
416 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s
417 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s
418 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s
419 111101lllllll000 brcc l
420 111100lllllll000 brcs l
421 111100lllllll001 breq l
422 111101lllllll100 brge l
423 111101lllllll101 brhc l
424 111100lllllll101 brhs l
425 111101lllllll111 brid l
426 111100lllllll111 brie l
427 111100lllllll000 brlo l
428 111100lllllll100 brlt l
429 111100lllllll010 brmi l
430 111101lllllll001 brne l
431 111101lllllll010 brpl l
432 111101lllllll000 brsh l
433 111101lllllll110 brtc l
434 111100lllllll110 brts l
435 111101lllllll011 brvc l
436 111100lllllll011 brvs l
437 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l
438 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l
439 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L
440 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L
441 1001010hhhhh111h call h
442 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h
443 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r
444 1001010rrrrr0000 com r
445 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r
446 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r
447 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r
448 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r
449 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r
450 1001001rrrrr1111 push r
451 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r
452 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r
453 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v
454 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d
455 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a
456 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a
457 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a
458 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a
459 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r
460 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i
461 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b
462 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e
463 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r
464 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r
465 1001010100011001 eicall
466 1001010000011001 eijmp
469 @node AVR Pseudo Instructions
470 @section Pseudo Instructions
472 The only available pseudo-instruction @code{__gcc_isr} can be activated by
473 option @option{-mgcc-isr}.
478 Emit code chunk to be used in avr-gcc ISR prologue.
479 It will expand to at most six 1-word instructions, all optional:
480 push of @code{tmp_reg}, push of @code{SREG},
481 push and clear of @code{zero_reg}, push of @var{Reg}.
484 Emit code chunk to be used in an avr-gcc ISR epilogue.
485 It will expand to at most five 1-word instructions, all optional:
486 pop of @var{Reg}, pop of @code{zero_reg},
487 pop of @code{SREG}, pop of @code{tmp_reg}.
489 @item __gcc_isr 0, @var{Reg}
490 Finish avr-gcc ISR function. Scan code since the last prologue
491 for usage of: @code{SREG}, @code{tmp_reg}, @code{zero_reg}.
492 Prologue chunk and epilogue chunks will be replaced by appropriate code
493 to save / restore @code{SREG}, @code{tmp_reg}, @code{zero_reg} and @var{Reg}.
513 00000000 <__vector1>:
515 2: 8f b7 in r24, 0x3f
517 6: 80 91 60 00 lds r24, 0x0060 ; 0x800060 <var>
519 c: 80 93 60 00 sts 0x0060, r24 ; 0x800060 <var>
521 12: 8f bf out 0x3f, r24