2 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
4 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
9 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
13 @node Machine Dependencies
14 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
19 * AVR Options:: Options
21 * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes
26 @cindex AVR options (none)
27 @cindex options for AVR (none)
31 @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR
33 Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type.
35 Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C
36 compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200,
37 attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28).
39 Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to
40 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343,
41 attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534,
44 Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory
45 space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313,
46 attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84,
47 attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461, attiny861,
48 attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88, at86rf401, ata6289).
50 Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program
51 memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711).
53 Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program
54 memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320).
56 Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP
57 instructions (MCU types: attiny167, attiny327, at90usb82, at90usb162, atmega8u2,
58 atmega16u2, atmega32u2).
60 Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program
61 memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48p,atmega8, atmega88, atmega88p,
62 atmega8515, atmega8535, atmega8hva, atmega4hvd, atmega8hvd, at90pwm1,
63 at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81, atmega8m1, atmega8c1).
65 Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program
66 memory space (MCU types: atmega16, atmega161, atmega162, atmega163, atmega164p,
67 atmega165, atmega165p, atmega168, atmega168p, atmega169, atmega169p, atmega16c1,
68 atmega32, atmega323, atmega324p, atmega325, atmega325p, atmega3250, atmega3250p,
69 atmega328p, atmega329, atmega329p, atmega3290, atmega3290p, atmega406, atmega64,
70 atmega640, atmega644, atmega644p, atmega644pa, atmega645, atmega6450, atmega649,
71 atmega6490, atmega16hva, atmega16hvb, atmega32hvb, at90can32, at90can64,
72 at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1, atmega16m1, atmega32m1,
73 atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4, atmega32u6, at90usb646, at90usb647, at94k,
76 Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K program
77 memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega1280, atmega1281, atmega1284p,
78 atmega128rfa1, at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000f, m3000s, m3001b).
80 Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC (MCU types:
81 atmega2560, atmega2561).
83 @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR
85 Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}.
87 @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR
89 This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions.
91 @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR
93 This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around.
101 * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters
102 * AVR-Regs:: Register Names
103 * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers
107 @subsection Special Characters
109 @cindex line comment character, AVR
110 @cindex AVR line comment character
112 The presence of a @samp{;} on a line indicates the start of a comment
113 that extends to the end of the current line. If a @samp{#} appears as
114 the first character of a line, the whole line is treated as a comment.
116 @cindex line separator, AVR
117 @cindex statement separator, AVR
118 @cindex AVR line separator
120 The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate
124 @subsection Register Names
126 @cindex AVR register names
127 @cindex register names, AVR
129 The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0},
130 @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}.
131 Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address
132 register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address
133 pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in
134 Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit
135 @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers.
144 @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers
146 @cindex AVR modifiers
149 The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses
150 in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following:
153 modifier(relocatable-expression)
157 @cindex symbol modifiers
161 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
162 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
166 This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression
167 as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the
168 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier.
179 This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of
180 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
181 Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants.
185 Synonym of @samp{hh8}.
189 This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of
190 an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the
191 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8},
192 @samp{hhi8}, modifier.
197 ldi r26, lo8(285774925)
198 ldi r27, hi8(285774925)
199 ldi r28, hlo8(285774925)
200 ldi r29, hhi8(285774925)
201 ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925
206 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
207 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
208 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
209 Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar
214 This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of
215 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
216 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
217 Flash/Program memory.
221 This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of
222 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
223 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
224 Flash/Program memory.
231 @cindex AVR opcode summary
232 @cindex opcode summary, AVR
233 @cindex mnemonics, AVR
234 @cindex instruction summary, AVR
235 For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see
236 @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}.
238 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes.
239 The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments.
244 d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)}
245 v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)}
246 a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)}
247 w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)}
248 e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)}
249 b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)}
250 z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])}
251 M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255}
252 n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible}
253 s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7}
254 P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)}
255 p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)}
256 K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')}
257 i @r{immediate value}
258 l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63}
259 L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047}
260 h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)}
261 S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)}
262 ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry}
280 100101001SSS1000 bclr S
281 100101000SSS1000 bset S
282 1001010100001001 icall
283 1001010000001001 ijmp
284 1001010111001000 lpm ?
285 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z
286 1001010111011000 elpm ?
287 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z
290 1001010100011000 reti
291 1001010110001000 sleep
292 1001010110011000 break
295 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r
296 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r
297 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r
298 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r
299 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r
300 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r
301 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r
302 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r
303 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r
304 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r
305 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r
306 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r
307 001001rdddddrrrr clr r
308 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r
309 000111rdddddrrrr rol r
310 001000rdddddrrrr tst r
311 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M
312 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n
313 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M
314 11101111dddd1111 ser d
315 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M
316 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M
317 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M
318 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M
319 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M
320 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s
321 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s
322 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s
323 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s
324 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P
325 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r
326 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K
327 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K
328 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s
329 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s
330 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s
331 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s
332 111101lllllll000 brcc l
333 111100lllllll000 brcs l
334 111100lllllll001 breq l
335 111101lllllll100 brge l
336 111101lllllll101 brhc l
337 111100lllllll101 brhs l
338 111101lllllll111 brid l
339 111100lllllll111 brie l
340 111100lllllll000 brlo l
341 111100lllllll100 brlt l
342 111100lllllll010 brmi l
343 111101lllllll001 brne l
344 111101lllllll010 brpl l
345 111101lllllll000 brsh l
346 111101lllllll110 brtc l
347 111100lllllll110 brts l
348 111101lllllll011 brvc l
349 111100lllllll011 brvs l
350 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l
351 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l
352 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L
353 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L
354 1001010hhhhh111h call h
355 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h
356 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r
357 1001010rrrrr0000 com r
358 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r
359 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r
360 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r
361 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r
362 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r
363 1001001rrrrr1111 push r
364 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r
365 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r
366 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v
367 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d
368 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a
369 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a
370 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a
371 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a
372 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r
373 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i
374 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b
375 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e
376 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r
377 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r
378 1001010100011001 eicall
379 1001010000011001 eijmp