2 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
4 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
8 @chapter Blackfin Dependent Features
11 @node Machine Dependencies
12 @chapter Blackfin Dependent Features
15 @cindex Blackfin support
17 * Blackfin Options:: Blackfin Options
18 * Blackfin Syntax:: Blackfin Syntax
19 * Blackfin Directives:: Blackfin Directives
22 @node Blackfin Options
24 @cindex Blackfin options (none)
25 @cindex options for Blackfin (none)
29 @cindex @code{-mcpu=} command line option, Blackfin
30 @item -mcpu=@var{processor}@r{[}-@var{sirevision}@r{]}
31 This option specifies the target processor. The optional @var{sirevision}
32 is not used in assembler. It's here such that GCC can easily pass down its
33 @code{-mcpu=} option. The assembler will issue an
34 error message if an attempt is made to assemble an instruction which
35 will not execute on the target processor. The following processor names are
47 @code{bf535} (not implemented yet),
69 @cindex Blackfin syntax
70 @cindex syntax, Blackfin
73 @item Special Characters
74 Assembler input is free format and may appear anywhere on the line.
75 One instruction may extend across multiple lines or more than one
76 instruction may appear on the same line. White space (space, tab,
77 comments or newline) may appear anywhere between tokens. A token must
78 not have embedded spaces. Tokens include numbers, register names,
79 keywords, user identifiers, and also some multicharacter special
80 symbols like "+=", "/*" or "||".
82 @item Instruction Delimiting
83 A semicolon must terminate every instruction. Sometimes a complete
84 instruction will consist of more than one operation. There are two
85 cases where this occurs. The first is when two general operations
86 are combined. Normally a comma separates the different parts, as in
89 a0= r3.h * r2.l, a1 = r3.l * r2.h ;
92 The second case occurs when a general instruction is combined with one
93 or two memory references for joint issue. The latter portions are
94 set off by a "||" token.
97 a0 = r3.h * r2.l || r1 = [p3++] || r4 = [i2++];
102 The assembler treats register names and instruction keywords in a case
103 insensitive manner. User identifiers are case sensitive. Thus, R3.l,
104 R3.L, r3.l and r3.L are all equivalent input to the assembler.
106 Register names are reserved and may not be used as program identifiers.
108 Some operations (such as "Move Register") require a register pair.
109 Register pairs are always data registers and are denoted using a colon,
110 eg., R3:2. The larger number must be written firsts. Note that the
111 hardware only supports odd-even pairs, eg., R7:6, R5:4, R3:2, and R1:0.
113 Some instructions (such as --SP (Push Multiple)) require a group of
114 adjacent registers. Adjacent registers are denoted in the syntax by
115 the range enclosed in parentheses and separated by a colon, eg., (R7:3).
116 Again, the larger number appears first.
118 Portions of a particular register may be individually specified. This
119 is written with a dot (".") following the register name and then a
120 letter denoting the desired portion. For 32-bit registers, ".H"
121 denotes the most significant ("High") portion. ".L" denotes the
122 least-significant portion. The subdivisions of the 40-bit registers
126 The set of 40-bit registers A1 and A0 that normally contain data that
127 is being manipulated. Each accumulator can be accessed in four ways.
130 @item one 40-bit register
131 The register will be referred to as A1 or A0.
132 @item one 32-bit register
133 The registers are designated as A1.W or A0.W.
134 @item two 16-bit registers
135 The registers are designated as A1.H, A1.L, A0.H or A0.L.
136 @item one 8-bit register
137 The registers are designated as A1.X or A0.X for the bits that
138 extend beyond bit 31.
142 The set of 32-bit registers (R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7) that
143 normally contain data for manipulation. These are abbreviated as
144 D-register or Dreg. Data registers can be accessed as 32-bit registers
145 or as two independent 16-bit registers. The least significant 16 bits
146 of each register is called the "low" half and is designated with ".L"
147 following the register name. The most significant 16 bits are called
148 the "high" half and is designated with ".H" following the name.
151 R7.L, r2.h, r4.L, R0.H
154 @item Pointer Registers
155 The set of 32-bit registers (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, SP and FP) that
156 normally contain byte addresses of data structures. These are
157 abbreviated as P-register or Preg.
163 @item Stack Pointer SP
164 The stack pointer contains the 32-bit address of the last occupied
165 byte location in the stack. The stack grows by decrementing the
168 @item Frame Pointer FP
169 The frame pointer contains the 32-bit address of the previous frame
170 pointer in the stack. It is located at the top of a frame.
173 LT0 and LT1. These registers contain the 32-bit address of the top of
174 a zero overhead loop.
177 LC0 and LC1. These registers contain the 32-bit counter of the zero
178 overhead loop executions.
181 LB0 and LB1. These registers contain the 32-bit address of the bottom
182 of a zero overhead loop.
184 @item Index Registers
185 The set of 32-bit registers (I0, I1, I2, I3) that normally contain byte
186 addresses of data structures. Abbreviated I-register or Ireg.
188 @item Modify Registers
189 The set of 32-bit registers (M0, M1, M2, M3) that normally contain
190 offset values that are added and subracted to one of the index
191 registers. Abbreviated as Mreg.
193 @item Length Registers
194 The set of 32-bit registers (L0, L1, L2, L3) that normally contain the
195 length in bytes of the circular buffer. Abbreviated as Lreg. Clear
196 the Lreg to disable circular addressing for the corresponding Ireg.
199 The set of 32-bit registers (B0, B1, B2, B3) that normally contain the
200 base address in bytes of the circular buffer. Abbreviated as Breg.
203 The Blackfin family has no hardware floating point but the .float
204 directive generates ieee floating point numbers for use with software
205 floating point libraries.
207 @item Blackfin Opcodes
208 For detailed information on the Blackfin machine instruction set, see
209 the Blackfin(r) Processor Instruction Set Reference.
213 @node Blackfin Directives
215 @cindex Blackfin directives
216 @cindex directives, Blackfin
218 The following directives are provided for compatibility with the VDSP assembler.
222 Initializes a four byte data object.
224 Initializes a two byte data object.
232 Define and initialize a 32 bit data object.