1 @c Copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 2003
2 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
4 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
8 @chapter Z8000 Dependent Features
11 @node Machine Dependencies
12 @chapter Z8000 Dependent Features
16 The Z8000 @value{AS} supports both members of the Z8000 family: the
17 unsegmented Z8002, with 16 bit addresses, and the segmented Z8001 with
20 When the assembler is in unsegmented mode (specified with the
21 @code{unsegm} directive), an address takes up one word (16 bit)
22 sized register. When the assembler is in segmented mode (specified with
23 the @code{segm} directive), a 24-bit address takes up a long (32 bit)
24 register. @xref{Z8000 Directives,,Assembler Directives for the Z8000},
25 for a list of other Z8000 specific assembler directives.
28 * Z8000 Options:: Command-line options for the Z8000
29 * Z8000 Syntax:: Assembler syntax for the Z8000
30 * Z8000 Directives:: Special directives for the Z8000
31 * Z8000 Opcodes:: Opcodes
38 @cindex options, Z8000
40 @cindex @code{-z8001} command line option, Z8000
42 Generate segmented code by default.
44 @cindex @code{-z8002} command line option, Z8000
46 Generate unsegmented code by default.
52 * Z8000-Chars:: Special Characters
53 * Z8000-Regs:: Register Names
54 * Z8000-Addressing:: Addressing Modes
58 @subsection Special Characters
60 @cindex line comment character, Z8000
61 @cindex Z8000 line comment character
62 @samp{!} is the line comment character.
64 @cindex line separator, Z8000
65 @cindex statement separator, Z8000
66 @cindex Z8000 line separator
67 You can use @samp{;} instead of a newline to separate statements.
70 @subsection Register Names
72 @cindex Z8000 registers
73 @cindex registers, Z8000
74 The Z8000 has sixteen 16 bit registers, numbered 0 to 15. You can refer
75 to different sized groups of registers by register number, with the
76 prefix @samp{r} for 16 bit registers, @samp{rr} for 32 bit registers and
77 @samp{rq} for 64 bit registers. You can also refer to the contents of
78 the first eight (of the sixteen 16 bit registers) by bytes. They are
79 named @samp{rl@var{n}} and @samp{rh@var{n}}.
82 @exdent @emph{byte registers}
83 rl0 rh0 rl1 rh1 rl2 rh2 rl3 rh3
84 rl4 rh4 rl5 rh5 rl6 rh6 rl7 rh7
86 @exdent @emph{word registers}
87 r0 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 r8 r9 r10 r11 r12 r13 r14 r15
89 @exdent @emph{long word registers}
90 rr0 rr2 rr4 rr6 rr8 rr10 rr12 rr14
92 @exdent @emph{quad word registers}
96 @node Z8000-Addressing
97 @subsection Addressing Modes
99 @cindex addressing modes, Z8000
100 @cindex Z800 addressing modes
101 @value{AS} understands the following addressing modes for the Z8000:
109 Register direct: 8bit, 16bit, 32bit, and 64bit registers.
113 Indirect register: @@rr@var{n} in segmented mode, @@r@var{n} in unsegmented
117 Direct: the 16 bit or 24 bit address (depending on whether the assembler
118 is in segmented or unsegmented mode) of the operand is in the instruction.
120 @item address(r@var{n})
121 Indexed: the 16 or 24 bit address is added to the 16 bit register to produce
122 the final address in memory of the operand.
124 @item r@var{n}(#@var{imm})
125 @itemx rr@var{n}(#@var{imm})
126 Base Address: the 16 or 24 bit register is added to the 16 bit sign
127 extended immediate displacement to produce the final address in memory
130 @item r@var{n}(r@var{m})
131 @itemx rr@var{n}(r@var{m})
132 Base Index: the 16 or 24 bit register r@var{n} or rr@var{n} is added to
133 the sign extended 16 bit index register r@var{m} to produce the final
134 address in memory of the operand.
137 Immediate data @var{xx}.
140 @node Z8000 Directives
141 @section Assembler Directives for the Z8000
143 @cindex Z8000 directives
144 @cindex directives, Z8000
145 The Z8000 port of @value{AS} includes additional assembler directives,
146 for compatibility with other Z8000 assemblers. These do not begin with
147 @samp{.} (unlike the ordinary @value{AS} directives).
154 Generate code for the segmented Z8001.
160 Generate code for the unsegmented Z8002.
164 Synonym for @code{.file}
168 Synonym for @code{.global}
172 Synonym for @code{.word}
176 Synonym for @code{.long}
180 Synonym for @code{.byte}
184 Assemble a string. @code{sval} expects one string literal, delimited by
185 single quotes. It assembles each byte of the string into consecutive
186 addresses. You can use the escape sequence @samp{%@var{xx}} (where
187 @var{xx} represents a two-digit hexadecimal number) to represent the
188 character whose @sc{ascii} value is @var{xx}. Use this feature to
189 describe single quote and other characters that may not appear in string
190 literals as themselves. For example, the C statement @w{@samp{char *a =
191 "he said \"it's 50% off\"";}} is represented in Z8000 assembly language
192 (shown with the assembler output in hex at the left) as
196 @let@nonarrowing=@comment
199 68652073 sval 'he said %22it%27s 50%25 off%22%00'
212 synonym for @code{.section}
216 synonym for @code{.space}
220 special case of @code{.align}; aligns output to even byte boundary.
226 @cindex Z8000 opcode summary
227 @cindex opcode summary, Z8000
228 @cindex mnemonics, Z8000
229 @cindex instruction summary, Z8000
230 For detailed information on the Z8000 machine instruction set, see
231 @cite{Z8000 Technical Manual}.
234 @c this table, due to the multi-col faking and hardcoded order, looks silly
235 @c except in smallbook. See comments below "@set SMALL" near top of this file.
237 The following table summarizes the opcodes and their arguments:
240 @let@nonarrowing=@comment
244 rs @r{16 bit source register}
245 rd @r{16 bit destination register}
246 rbs @r{8 bit source register}
247 rbd @r{8 bit destination register}
248 rrs @r{32 bit source register}
249 rrd @r{32 bit destination register}
250 rqs @r{64 bit source register}
251 rqd @r{64 bit destination register}
252 addr @r{16/24 bit address}
253 imm @r{immediate data}
255 adc rd,rs clrb addr cpsir @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc
256 adcb rbd,rbs clrb addr(rd) cpsirb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc
257 add rd,@@rs clrb rbd dab rbd
258 add rd,addr com @@rd dbjnz rbd,disp7
259 add rd,addr(rs) com addr dec @@rd,imm4m1
260 add rd,imm16 com addr(rd) dec addr(rd),imm4m1
261 add rd,rs com rd dec addr,imm4m1
262 addb rbd,@@rs comb @@rd dec rd,imm4m1
263 addb rbd,addr comb addr decb @@rd,imm4m1
264 addb rbd,addr(rs) comb addr(rd) decb addr(rd),imm4m1
265 addb rbd,imm8 comb rbd decb addr,imm4m1
266 addb rbd,rbs comflg flags decb rbd,imm4m1
267 addl rrd,@@rs cp @@rd,imm16 di i2
268 addl rrd,addr cp addr(rd),imm16 div rrd,@@rs
269 addl rrd,addr(rs) cp addr,imm16 div rrd,addr
270 addl rrd,imm32 cp rd,@@rs div rrd,addr(rs)
271 addl rrd,rrs cp rd,addr div rrd,imm16
272 and rd,@@rs cp rd,addr(rs) div rrd,rs
273 and rd,addr cp rd,imm16 divl rqd,@@rs
274 and rd,addr(rs) cp rd,rs divl rqd,addr
275 and rd,imm16 cpb @@rd,imm8 divl rqd,addr(rs)
276 and rd,rs cpb addr(rd),imm8 divl rqd,imm32
277 andb rbd,@@rs cpb addr,imm8 divl rqd,rrs
278 andb rbd,addr cpb rbd,@@rs djnz rd,disp7
279 andb rbd,addr(rs) cpb rbd,addr ei i2
280 andb rbd,imm8 cpb rbd,addr(rs) ex rd,@@rs
281 andb rbd,rbs cpb rbd,imm8 ex rd,addr
282 bit @@rd,imm4 cpb rbd,rbs ex rd,addr(rs)
283 bit addr(rd),imm4 cpd rd,@@rs,rr,cc ex rd,rs
284 bit addr,imm4 cpdb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc exb rbd,@@rs
285 bit rd,imm4 cpdr rd,@@rs,rr,cc exb rbd,addr
286 bit rd,rs cpdrb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc exb rbd,addr(rs)
287 bitb @@rd,imm4 cpi rd,@@rs,rr,cc exb rbd,rbs
288 bitb addr(rd),imm4 cpib rbd,@@rs,rr,cc ext0e imm8
289 bitb addr,imm4 cpir rd,@@rs,rr,cc ext0f imm8
290 bitb rbd,imm4 cpirb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc ext8e imm8
291 bitb rbd,rs cpl rrd,@@rs ext8f imm8
292 bpt cpl rrd,addr exts rrd
293 call @@rd cpl rrd,addr(rs) extsb rd
294 call addr cpl rrd,imm32 extsl rqd
295 call addr(rd) cpl rrd,rrs halt
296 calr disp12 cpsd @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc in rd,@@rs
297 clr @@rd cpsdb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc in rd,imm16
298 clr addr cpsdr @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc inb rbd,@@rs
299 clr addr(rd) cpsdrb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc inb rbd,imm16
300 clr rd cpsi @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc inc @@rd,imm4m1
301 clrb @@rd cpsib @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc inc addr(rd),imm4m1
302 inc addr,imm4m1 ldb rbd,rs(rx) mult rrd,addr(rs)
303 inc rd,imm4m1 ldb rd(imm16),rbs mult rrd,imm16
304 incb @@rd,imm4m1 ldb rd(rx),rbs mult rrd,rs
305 incb addr(rd),imm4m1 ldctl ctrl,rs multl rqd,@@rs
306 incb addr,imm4m1 ldctl rd,ctrl multl rqd,addr
307 incb rbd,imm4m1 ldd @@rs,@@rd,rr multl rqd,addr(rs)
308 ind @@rd,@@rs,ra lddb @@rs,@@rd,rr multl rqd,imm32
309 indb @@rd,@@rs,rba lddr @@rs,@@rd,rr multl rqd,rrs
310 inib @@rd,@@rs,ra lddrb @@rs,@@rd,rr neg @@rd
311 inibr @@rd,@@rs,ra ldi @@rd,@@rs,rr neg addr
312 iret ldib @@rd,@@rs,rr neg addr(rd)
313 jp cc,@@rd ldir @@rd,@@rs,rr neg rd
314 jp cc,addr ldirb @@rd,@@rs,rr negb @@rd
315 jp cc,addr(rd) ldk rd,imm4 negb addr
316 jr cc,disp8 ldl @@rd,rrs negb addr(rd)
317 ld @@rd,imm16 ldl addr(rd),rrs negb rbd
318 ld @@rd,rs ldl addr,rrs nop
319 ld addr(rd),imm16 ldl rd(imm16),rrs or rd,@@rs
320 ld addr(rd),rs ldl rd(rx),rrs or rd,addr
321 ld addr,imm16 ldl rrd,@@rs or rd,addr(rs)
322 ld addr,rs ldl rrd,addr or rd,imm16
323 ld rd(imm16),rs ldl rrd,addr(rs) or rd,rs
324 ld rd(rx),rs ldl rrd,imm32 orb rbd,@@rs
325 ld rd,@@rs ldl rrd,rrs orb rbd,addr
326 ld rd,addr ldl rrd,rs(imm16) orb rbd,addr(rs)
327 ld rd,addr(rs) ldl rrd,rs(rx) orb rbd,imm8
328 ld rd,imm16 ldm @@rd,rs,n orb rbd,rbs
329 ld rd,rs ldm addr(rd),rs,n out @@rd,rs
330 ld rd,rs(imm16) ldm addr,rs,n out imm16,rs
331 ld rd,rs(rx) ldm rd,@@rs,n outb @@rd,rbs
332 lda rd,addr ldm rd,addr(rs),n outb imm16,rbs
333 lda rd,addr(rs) ldm rd,addr,n outd @@rd,@@rs,ra
334 lda rd,rs(imm16) ldps @@rs outdb @@rd,@@rs,rba
335 lda rd,rs(rx) ldps addr outib @@rd,@@rs,ra
336 ldar rd,disp16 ldps addr(rs) outibr @@rd,@@rs,ra
337 ldb @@rd,imm8 ldr disp16,rs pop @@rd,@@rs
338 ldb @@rd,rbs ldr rd,disp16 pop addr(rd),@@rs
339 ldb addr(rd),imm8 ldrb disp16,rbs pop addr,@@rs
340 ldb addr(rd),rbs ldrb rbd,disp16 pop rd,@@rs
341 ldb addr,imm8 ldrl disp16,rrs popl @@rd,@@rs
342 ldb addr,rbs ldrl rrd,disp16 popl addr(rd),@@rs
343 ldb rbd,@@rs mbit popl addr,@@rs
344 ldb rbd,addr mreq rd popl rrd,@@rs
345 ldb rbd,addr(rs) mres push @@rd,@@rs
346 ldb rbd,imm8 mset push @@rd,addr
347 ldb rbd,rbs mult rrd,@@rs push @@rd,addr(rs)
348 ldb rbd,rs(imm16) mult rrd,addr push @@rd,imm16
349 push @@rd,rs set addr,imm4 subl rrd,imm32
350 pushl @@rd,@@rs set rd,imm4 subl rrd,rrs
351 pushl @@rd,addr set rd,rs tcc cc,rd
352 pushl @@rd,addr(rs) setb @@rd,imm4 tccb cc,rbd
353 pushl @@rd,rrs setb addr(rd),imm4 test @@rd
354 res @@rd,imm4 setb addr,imm4 test addr
355 res addr(rd),imm4 setb rbd,imm4 test addr(rd)
356 res addr,imm4 setb rbd,rs test rd
357 res rd,imm4 setflg imm4 testb @@rd
358 res rd,rs sinb rbd,imm16 testb addr
359 resb @@rd,imm4 sinb rd,imm16 testb addr(rd)
360 resb addr(rd),imm4 sind @@rd,@@rs,ra testb rbd
361 resb addr,imm4 sindb @@rd,@@rs,rba testl @@rd
362 resb rbd,imm4 sinib @@rd,@@rs,ra testl addr
363 resb rbd,rs sinibr @@rd,@@rs,ra testl addr(rd)
364 resflg imm4 sla rd,imm8 testl rrd
365 ret cc slab rbd,imm8 trdb @@rd,@@rs,rba
366 rl rd,imm1or2 slal rrd,imm8 trdrb @@rd,@@rs,rba
367 rlb rbd,imm1or2 sll rd,imm8 trib @@rd,@@rs,rbr
368 rlc rd,imm1or2 sllb rbd,imm8 trirb @@rd,@@rs,rbr
369 rlcb rbd,imm1or2 slll rrd,imm8 trtdrb @@ra,@@rb,rbr
370 rldb rbb,rba sout imm16,rs trtib @@ra,@@rb,rr
371 rr rd,imm1or2 soutb imm16,rbs trtirb @@ra,@@rb,rbr
372 rrb rbd,imm1or2 soutd @@rd,@@rs,ra trtrb @@ra,@@rb,rbr
373 rrc rd,imm1or2 soutdb @@rd,@@rs,rba tset @@rd
374 rrcb rbd,imm1or2 soutib @@rd,@@rs,ra tset addr
375 rrdb rbb,rba soutibr @@rd,@@rs,ra tset addr(rd)
376 rsvd36 sra rd,imm8 tset rd
377 rsvd38 srab rbd,imm8 tsetb @@rd
378 rsvd78 sral rrd,imm8 tsetb addr
379 rsvd7e srl rd,imm8 tsetb addr(rd)
380 rsvd9d srlb rbd,imm8 tsetb rbd
381 rsvd9f srll rrd,imm8 xor rd,@@rs
382 rsvdb9 sub rd,@@rs xor rd,addr
383 rsvdbf sub rd,addr xor rd,addr(rs)
384 sbc rd,rs sub rd,addr(rs) xor rd,imm16
385 sbcb rbd,rbs sub rd,imm16 xor rd,rs
386 sc imm8 sub rd,rs xorb rbd,@@rs
387 sda rd,rs subb rbd,@@rs xorb rbd,addr
388 sdab rbd,rs subb rbd,addr xorb rbd,addr(rs)
389 sdal rrd,rs subb rbd,addr(rs) xorb rbd,imm8
390 sdl rd,rs subb rbd,imm8 xorb rbd,rbs
391 sdlb rbd,rs subb rbd,rbs xorb rbd,rbs
392 sdll rrd,rs subl rrd,@@rs
393 set @@rd,imm4 subl rrd,addr
394 set addr(rd),imm4 subl rrd,addr(rs)