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128 .\" ========================================================================
129 .\"
130 .IX Title "OBJDUMP 1"
131 .TH OBJDUMP 1 "2007-08-06" "binutils-2.17.90" "GNU Development Tools"
132 .SH "NAME"
133 objdump \- display information from object files.
134 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
135 .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
136 objdump [\fB\-a\fR|\fB\-\-archive\-headers\fR]
137 [\fB\-b\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
138 [\fB\-C\fR|\fB\-\-demangle\fR[=\fIstyle\fR] ]
139 [\fB\-d\fR|\fB\-\-disassemble\fR]
140 [\fB\-D\fR|\fB\-\-disassemble\-all\fR]
141 [\fB\-z\fR|\fB\-\-disassemble\-zeroes\fR]
142 [\fB\-EB\fR|\fB\-EL\fR|\fB\-\-endian=\fR{big | little }]
143 [\fB\-f\fR|\fB\-\-file\-headers\fR]
144 [\fB\-\-file\-start\-context\fR]
145 [\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-debugging\fR]
146 [\fB\-e\fR|\fB\-\-debugging\-tags\fR]
147 [\fB\-h\fR|\fB\-\-section\-headers\fR|\fB\-\-headers\fR]
148 [\fB\-i\fR|\fB\-\-info\fR]
149 [\fB\-j\fR \fIsection\fR|\fB\-\-section=\fR\fIsection\fR]
150 [\fB\-l\fR|\fB\-\-line\-numbers\fR]
151 [\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-source\fR]
152 [\fB\-m\fR \fImachine\fR|\fB\-\-architecture=\fR\fImachine\fR]
153 [\fB\-M\fR \fIoptions\fR|\fB\-\-disassembler\-options=\fR\fIoptions\fR]
154 [\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-private\-headers\fR]
155 [\fB\-r\fR|\fB\-\-reloc\fR]
156 [\fB\-R\fR|\fB\-\-dynamic\-reloc\fR]
157 [\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\-full\-contents\fR]
158 [\fB\-W\fR|\fB\-\-dwarf\fR]
159 [\fB\-G\fR|\fB\-\-stabs\fR]
160 [\fB\-t\fR|\fB\-\-syms\fR]
161 [\fB\-T\fR|\fB\-\-dynamic\-syms\fR]
162 [\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-all\-headers\fR]
163 [\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-wide\fR]
164 [\fB\-\-start\-address=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
165 [\fB\-\-stop\-address=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
166 [\fB\-\-prefix\-addresses\fR]
167 [\fB\-\-[no\-]show\-raw\-insn\fR]
168 [\fB\-\-adjust\-vma=\fR\fIoffset\fR]
169 [\fB\-\-special\-syms\fR]
170 [\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
171 [\fB\-H\fR|\fB\-\-help\fR]
172 \fIobjfile\fR...
173 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
174 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
175 \&\fBobjdump\fR displays information about one or more object files.
176 The options control what particular information to display. This
177 information is mostly useful to programmers who are working on the
178 compilation tools, as opposed to programmers who just want their
179 program to compile and work.
180 .PP
181 \&\fIobjfile\fR... are the object files to be examined. When you
182 specify archives, \fBobjdump\fR shows information on each of the member
183 object files.
184 .SH "OPTIONS"
185 .IX Header "OPTIONS"
186 The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
187 equivalent. At least one option from the list
188 \&\fB\-a,\-d,\-D,\-e,\-f,\-g,\-G,\-h,\-H,\-p,\-r,\-R,\-s,\-S,\-t,\-T,\-V,\-x\fR must be given.
189 .IP "\fB\-a\fR" 4
190 .IX Item "-a"
191 .PD 0
192 .IP "\fB\-\-archive\-header\fR" 4
193 .IX Item "--archive-header"
194 .PD
195 If any of the \fIobjfile\fR files are archives, display the archive
196 header information (in a format similar to \fBls \-l\fR). Besides the
197 information you could list with \fBar tv\fR, \fBobjdump \-a\fR shows
198 the object file format of each archive member.
199 .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-vma=\fR\fIoffset\fR" 4
200 .IX Item "--adjust-vma=offset"
201 When dumping information, first add \fIoffset\fR to all the section
202 addresses. This is useful if the section addresses do not correspond to
203 the symbol table, which can happen when putting sections at particular
204 addresses when using a format which can not represent section addresses,
205 such as a.out.
206 .IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
207 .IX Item "-b bfdname"
208 .PD 0
209 .IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
210 .IX Item "--target=bfdname"
211 .PD
212 Specify that the object-code format for the object files is
213 \&\fIbfdname\fR. This option may not be necessary; \fIobjdump\fR can
214 automatically recognize many formats.
215 .Sp
216 For example,
217 .Sp
218 .Vb 1
219 \& objdump \-b oasys \-m vax \-h fu.o
220 .Ve
221 .Sp
222 displays summary information from the section headers (\fB\-h\fR) of
223 \&\fIfu.o\fR, which is explicitly identified (\fB\-m\fR) as a \s-1VAX\s0 object
224 file in the format produced by Oasys compilers. You can list the
225 formats available with the \fB\-i\fR option.
226 .IP "\fB\-C\fR" 4
227 .IX Item "-C"
228 .PD 0
229 .IP "\fB\-\-demangle[=\fR\fIstyle\fR\fB]\fR" 4
230 .IX Item "--demangle[=style]"
231 .PD
232 Decode (\fIdemangle\fR) low-level symbol names into user-level names.
233 Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this
234 makes \*(C+ function names readable. Different compilers have different
235 mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to
236 choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler.
237 .IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
238 .IX Item "-g"
239 .PD 0
240 .IP "\fB\-\-debugging\fR" 4
241 .IX Item "--debugging"
242 .PD
243 Display debugging information. This attempts to parse debugging
244 information stored in the file and print it out using a C like syntax.
245 Only certain types of debugging information have been implemented.
246 Some other types are supported by \fBreadelf \-w\fR.
247 .IP "\fB\-e\fR" 4
248 .IX Item "-e"
249 .PD 0
250 .IP "\fB\-\-debugging\-tags\fR" 4
251 .IX Item "--debugging-tags"
252 .PD
253 Like \fB\-g\fR, but the information is generated in a format compatible
254 with ctags tool.
255 .IP "\fB\-d\fR" 4
256 .IX Item "-d"
257 .PD 0
258 .IP "\fB\-\-disassemble\fR" 4
259 .IX Item "--disassemble"
260 .PD
261 Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine instructions from
262 \&\fIobjfile\fR. This option only disassembles those sections which are
263 expected to contain instructions.
264 .IP "\fB\-D\fR" 4
265 .IX Item "-D"
266 .PD 0
267 .IP "\fB\-\-disassemble\-all\fR" 4
268 .IX Item "--disassemble-all"
269 .PD
270 Like \fB\-d\fR, but disassemble the contents of all sections, not just
271 those expected to contain instructions.
272 .IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-addresses\fR" 4
273 .IX Item "--prefix-addresses"
274 When disassembling, print the complete address on each line. This is
275 the older disassembly format.
276 .IP "\fB\-EB\fR" 4
277 .IX Item "-EB"
278 .PD 0
279 .IP "\fB\-EL\fR" 4
280 .IX Item "-EL"
281 .IP "\fB\-\-endian={big|little}\fR" 4
282 .IX Item "--endian={big|little}"
283 .PD
284 Specify the endianness of the object files. This only affects
285 disassembly. This can be useful when disassembling a file format which
286 does not describe endianness information, such as S\-records.
287 .IP "\fB\-f\fR" 4
288 .IX Item "-f"
289 .PD 0
290 .IP "\fB\-\-file\-headers\fR" 4
291 .IX Item "--file-headers"
292 .PD
293 Display summary information from the overall header of
294 each of the \fIobjfile\fR files.
295 .IP "\fB\-\-file\-start\-context\fR" 4
296 .IX Item "--file-start-context"
297 Specify that when displaying interlisted source code/disassembly
298 (assumes \fB\-S\fR) from a file that has not yet been displayed, extend the
299 context to the start of the file.
300 .IP "\fB\-h\fR" 4
301 .IX Item "-h"
302 .PD 0
303 .IP "\fB\-\-section\-headers\fR" 4
304 .IX Item "--section-headers"
305 .IP "\fB\-\-headers\fR" 4
306 .IX Item "--headers"
307 .PD
308 Display summary information from the section headers of the
309 object file.
310 .Sp
311 File segments may be relocated to nonstandard addresses, for example by
312 using the \fB\-Ttext\fR, \fB\-Tdata\fR, or \fB\-Tbss\fR options to
313 \&\fBld\fR. However, some object file formats, such as a.out, do not
314 store the starting address of the file segments. In those situations,
315 although \fBld\fR relocates the sections correctly, using \fBobjdump
316 \&\-h\fR to list the file section headers cannot show the correct addresses.
317 Instead, it shows the usual addresses, which are implicit for the
318 target.
319 .IP "\fB\-H\fR" 4
320 .IX Item "-H"
321 .PD 0
322 .IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
323 .IX Item "--help"
324 .PD
325 Print a summary of the options to \fBobjdump\fR and exit.
326 .IP "\fB\-i\fR" 4
327 .IX Item "-i"
328 .PD 0
329 .IP "\fB\-\-info\fR" 4
330 .IX Item "--info"
331 .PD
332 Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available
333 for specification with \fB\-b\fR or \fB\-m\fR.
334 .IP "\fB\-j\fR \fIname\fR" 4
335 .IX Item "-j name"
336 .PD 0
337 .IP "\fB\-\-section=\fR\fIname\fR" 4
338 .IX Item "--section=name"
339 .PD
340 Display information only for section \fIname\fR.
341 .IP "\fB\-l\fR" 4
342 .IX Item "-l"
343 .PD 0
344 .IP "\fB\-\-line\-numbers\fR" 4
345 .IX Item "--line-numbers"
346 .PD
347 Label the display (using debugging information) with the filename and
348 source line numbers corresponding to the object code or relocs shown.
349 Only useful with \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-D\fR, or \fB\-r\fR.
350 .IP "\fB\-m\fR \fImachine\fR" 4
351 .IX Item "-m machine"
352 .PD 0
353 .IP "\fB\-\-architecture=\fR\fImachine\fR" 4
354 .IX Item "--architecture=machine"
355 .PD
356 Specify the architecture to use when disassembling object files. This
357 can be useful when disassembling object files which do not describe
358 architecture information, such as S\-records. You can list the available
359 architectures with the \fB\-i\fR option.
360 .IP "\fB\-M\fR \fIoptions\fR" 4
361 .IX Item "-M options"
362 .PD 0
363 .IP "\fB\-\-disassembler\-options=\fR\fIoptions\fR" 4
364 .IX Item "--disassembler-options=options"
365 .PD
366 Pass target specific information to the disassembler. Only supported on
367 some targets. If it is necessary to specify more than one
368 disassembler option then multiple \fB\-M\fR options can be used or
369 can be placed together into a comma separated list.
370 .Sp
371 If the target is an \s-1ARM\s0 architecture then this switch can be used to
372 select which register name set is used during disassembler. Specifying
373 \&\fB\-M reg-names-std\fR (the default) will select the register names as
374 used in \s-1ARM\s0's instruction set documentation, but with register 13 called
375 \&'sp', register 14 called 'lr' and register 15 called 'pc'. Specifying
376 \&\fB\-M reg-names-apcs\fR will select the name set used by the \s-1ARM\s0
377 Procedure Call Standard, whilst specifying \fB\-M reg-names-raw\fR will
378 just use \fBr\fR followed by the register number.
379 .Sp
380 There are also two variants on the \s-1APCS\s0 register naming scheme enabled
381 by \fB\-M reg-names-atpcs\fR and \fB\-M reg-names-special-atpcs\fR which
382 use the ARM/Thumb Procedure Call Standard naming conventions. (Either
383 with the normal register names or the special register names).
384 .Sp
385 This option can also be used for \s-1ARM\s0 architectures to force the
386 disassembler to interpret all instructions as Thumb instructions by
387 using the switch \fB\-\-disassembler\-options=force\-thumb\fR. This can be
388 useful when attempting to disassemble thumb code produced by other
389 compilers.
390 .Sp
391 For the x86, some of the options duplicate functions of the \fB\-m\fR
392 switch, but allow finer grained control. Multiple selections from the
393 following may be specified as a comma separated string.
394 \&\fBx86\-64\fR, \fBi386\fR and \fBi8086\fR select disassembly for
395 the given architecture. \fBintel\fR and \fBatt\fR select between
396 intel syntax mode and \s-1AT&T\s0 syntax mode. \fBaddr64\fR, \fBaddr32\fR,
397 \&\fBaddr16\fR, \fBdata32\fR and \fBdata16\fR specify the default
398 address size and operand size. These four options will be overridden if
399 \&\fBx86\-64\fR, \fBi386\fR or \fBi8086\fR appear later in the
400 option string. Lastly, \fBsuffix\fR, when in \s-1AT&T\s0 mode,
401 instructs the disassembler to print a mnemonic suffix even when the
402 suffix could be inferred by the operands.
403 .Sp
404 For \s-1PPC\s0, \fBbooke\fR, \fBbooke32\fR and \fBbooke64\fR select
405 disassembly of BookE instructions. \fB32\fR and \fB64\fR select
406 PowerPC and PowerPC64 disassembly, respectively. \fBe300\fR selects
407 disassembly for the e300 family. \fB440\fR selects disassembly for
408 the PowerPC 440.
409 .Sp
410 For \s-1MIPS\s0, this option controls the printing of instruction mnemonic
411 names and register names in disassembled instructions. Multiple
412 selections from the following may be specified as a comma separated
413 string, and invalid options are ignored:
414 .RS 4
415 .ie n .IP """no\-aliases""" 4
416 .el .IP "\f(CWno\-aliases\fR" 4
417 .IX Item "no-aliases"
418 Print the 'raw' instruction mnemonic instead of some pseudo
419 instruction mnemonic. I.e., print 'daddu' or 'or' instead of 'move',
420 \&'sll' instead of 'nop', etc.
421 .ie n .IP """gpr\-names=\f(CI\s-1ABI\s0\f(CW""" 4
422 .el .IP "\f(CWgpr\-names=\f(CI\s-1ABI\s0\f(CW\fR" 4
423 .IX Item "gpr-names=ABI"
424 Print \s-1GPR\s0 (general\-purpose register) names as appropriate
425 for the specified \s-1ABI\s0. By default, \s-1GPR\s0 names are selected according to
426 the \s-1ABI\s0 of the binary being disassembled.
427 .ie n .IP """fpr\-names=\f(CI\s-1ABI\s0\f(CW""" 4
428 .el .IP "\f(CWfpr\-names=\f(CI\s-1ABI\s0\f(CW\fR" 4
429 .IX Item "fpr-names=ABI"
430 Print \s-1FPR\s0 (floating\-point register) names as
431 appropriate for the specified \s-1ABI\s0. By default, \s-1FPR\s0 numbers are printed
432 rather than names.
433 .ie n .IP """cp0\-names=\f(CI\s-1ARCH\s0\f(CW""" 4
434 .el .IP "\f(CWcp0\-names=\f(CI\s-1ARCH\s0\f(CW\fR" 4
435 .IX Item "cp0-names=ARCH"
436 Print \s-1CP0\s0 (system control coprocessor; coprocessor 0) register names
437 as appropriate for the \s-1CPU\s0 or architecture specified by
438 \&\fI\s-1ARCH\s0\fR. By default, \s-1CP0\s0 register names are selected according to
439 the architecture and \s-1CPU\s0 of the binary being disassembled.
440 .ie n .IP """hwr\-names=\f(CI\s-1ARCH\s0\f(CW""" 4
441 .el .IP "\f(CWhwr\-names=\f(CI\s-1ARCH\s0\f(CW\fR" 4
442 .IX Item "hwr-names=ARCH"
443 Print \s-1HWR\s0 (hardware register, used by the \f(CW\*(C`rdhwr\*(C'\fR instruction) names
444 as appropriate for the \s-1CPU\s0 or architecture specified by
445 \&\fI\s-1ARCH\s0\fR. By default, \s-1HWR\s0 names are selected according to
446 the architecture and \s-1CPU\s0 of the binary being disassembled.
447 .ie n .IP """reg\-names=\f(CI\s-1ABI\s0\f(CW""" 4
448 .el .IP "\f(CWreg\-names=\f(CI\s-1ABI\s0\f(CW\fR" 4
449 .IX Item "reg-names=ABI"
450 Print \s-1GPR\s0 and \s-1FPR\s0 names as appropriate for the selected \s-1ABI\s0.
451 .ie n .IP """reg\-names=\f(CI\s-1ARCH\s0\f(CW""" 4
452 .el .IP "\f(CWreg\-names=\f(CI\s-1ARCH\s0\f(CW\fR" 4
453 .IX Item "reg-names=ARCH"
454 Print CPU-specific register names (\s-1CP0\s0 register and \s-1HWR\s0 names)
455 as appropriate for the selected \s-1CPU\s0 or architecture.
456 .RE
457 .RS 4
458 .Sp
459 For any of the options listed above, \fI\s-1ABI\s0\fR or
460 \&\fI\s-1ARCH\s0\fR may be specified as \fBnumeric\fR to have numbers printed
461 rather than names, for the selected types of registers.
462 You can list the available values of \fI\s-1ABI\s0\fR and \fI\s-1ARCH\s0\fR using
463 the \fB\-\-help\fR option.
464 .Sp
465 For \s-1VAX\s0, you can specify function entry addresses with \fB\-M
466 entry:0xf00ba\fR. You can use this multiple times to properly
467 disassemble \s-1VAX\s0 binary files that don't contain symbol tables (like
468 \&\s-1ROM\s0 dumps). In these cases, the function entry mask would otherwise
469 be decoded as \s-1VAX\s0 instructions, which would probably lead the rest
470 of the function being wrongly disassembled.
471 .RE
472 .IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
473 .IX Item "-p"
474 .PD 0
475 .IP "\fB\-\-private\-headers\fR" 4
476 .IX Item "--private-headers"
477 .PD
478 Print information that is specific to the object file format. The exact
479 information printed depends upon the object file format. For some
480 object file formats, no additional information is printed.
481 .IP "\fB\-r\fR" 4
482 .IX Item "-r"
483 .PD 0
484 .IP "\fB\-\-reloc\fR" 4
485 .IX Item "--reloc"
486 .PD
487 Print the relocation entries of the file. If used with \fB\-d\fR or
488 \&\fB\-D\fR, the relocations are printed interspersed with the
489 disassembly.
490 .IP "\fB\-R\fR" 4
491 .IX Item "-R"
492 .PD 0
493 .IP "\fB\-\-dynamic\-reloc\fR" 4
494 .IX Item "--dynamic-reloc"
495 .PD
496 Print the dynamic relocation entries of the file. This is only
497 meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
498 libraries.
499 .IP "\fB\-s\fR" 4
500 .IX Item "-s"
501 .PD 0
502 .IP "\fB\-\-full\-contents\fR" 4
503 .IX Item "--full-contents"
504 .PD
505 Display the full contents of any sections requested. By default all
506 non-empty sections are displayed.
507 .IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
508 .IX Item "-S"
509 .PD 0
510 .IP "\fB\-\-source\fR" 4
511 .IX Item "--source"
512 .PD
513 Display source code intermixed with disassembly, if possible. Implies
514 \&\fB\-d\fR.
515 .IP "\fB\-\-show\-raw\-insn\fR" 4
516 .IX Item "--show-raw-insn"
517 When disassembling instructions, print the instruction in hex as well as
518 in symbolic form. This is the default except when
519 \&\fB\-\-prefix\-addresses\fR is used.
520 .IP "\fB\-\-no\-show\-raw\-insn\fR" 4
521 .IX Item "--no-show-raw-insn"
522 When disassembling instructions, do not print the instruction bytes.
523 This is the default when \fB\-\-prefix\-addresses\fR is used.
524 .IP "\fB\-W\fR" 4
525 .IX Item "-W"
526 .PD 0
527 .IP "\fB\-\-dwarf\fR" 4
528 .IX Item "--dwarf"
529 .PD
530 Displays the contents of the \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections in the file, if any
531 are present.
532 .IP "\fB\-G\fR" 4
533 .IX Item "-G"
534 .PD 0
535 .IP "\fB\-\-stabs\fR" 4
536 .IX Item "--stabs"
537 .PD
538 Display the full contents of any sections requested. Display the
539 contents of the .stab and .stab.index and .stab.excl sections from an
540 \&\s-1ELF\s0 file. This is only useful on systems (such as Solaris 2.0) in which
541 \&\f(CW\*(C`.stab\*(C'\fR debugging symbol-table entries are carried in an \s-1ELF\s0
542 section. In most other file formats, debugging symbol-table entries are
543 interleaved with linkage symbols, and are visible in the \fB\-\-syms\fR
544 output.
545 .IP "\fB\-\-start\-address=\fR\fIaddress\fR" 4
546 .IX Item "--start-address=address"
547 Start displaying data at the specified address. This affects the output
548 of the \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-r\fR and \fB\-s\fR options.
549 .IP "\fB\-\-stop\-address=\fR\fIaddress\fR" 4
550 .IX Item "--stop-address=address"
551 Stop displaying data at the specified address. This affects the output
552 of the \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-r\fR and \fB\-s\fR options.
553 .IP "\fB\-t\fR" 4
554 .IX Item "-t"
555 .PD 0
556 .IP "\fB\-\-syms\fR" 4
557 .IX Item "--syms"
558 .PD
559 Print the symbol table entries of the file.
560 This is similar to the information provided by the \fBnm\fR program.
561 .IP "\fB\-T\fR" 4
562 .IX Item "-T"
563 .PD 0
564 .IP "\fB\-\-dynamic\-syms\fR" 4
565 .IX Item "--dynamic-syms"
566 .PD
567 Print the dynamic symbol table entries of the file. This is only
568 meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
569 libraries. This is similar to the information provided by the \fBnm\fR
570 program when given the \fB\-D\fR (\fB\-\-dynamic\fR) option.
571 .IP "\fB\-\-special\-syms\fR" 4
572 .IX Item "--special-syms"
573 When displaying symbols include those which the target considers to be
574 special in some way and which would not normally be of interest to the
575 user.
576 .IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
577 .IX Item "-V"
578 .PD 0
579 .IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
580 .IX Item "--version"
581 .PD
582 Print the version number of \fBobjdump\fR and exit.
583 .IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4
584 .IX Item "-x"
585 .PD 0
586 .IP "\fB\-\-all\-headers\fR" 4
587 .IX Item "--all-headers"
588 .PD
589 Display all available header information, including the symbol table and
590 relocation entries. Using \fB\-x\fR is equivalent to specifying all of
591 \&\fB\-a \-f \-h \-p \-r \-t\fR.
592 .IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4
593 .IX Item "-w"
594 .PD 0
595 .IP "\fB\-\-wide\fR" 4
596 .IX Item "--wide"
597 .PD
598 Format some lines for output devices that have more than 80 columns.
599 Also do not truncate symbol names when they are displayed.
600 .IP "\fB\-z\fR" 4
601 .IX Item "-z"
602 .PD 0
603 .IP "\fB\-\-disassemble\-zeroes\fR" 4
604 .IX Item "--disassemble-zeroes"
605 .PD
606 Normally the disassembly output will skip blocks of zeroes. This
607 option directs the disassembler to disassemble those blocks, just like
608 any other data.
609 .IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
610 .IX Item "@file"
611 Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
612 inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
613 does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
614 literally, and not removed.
615 .Sp
616 Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
617 character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
618 option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
619 backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
620 with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
621 @\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
622 .SH "SEE ALSO"
623 .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
624 \&\fInm\fR\|(1), \fIreadelf\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
625 .SH "COPYRIGHT"
626 .IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
627 Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
628 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
629 .PP
630 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
631 under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
632 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
633 with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
634 Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
635 section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".