3 * Support for the R_ARM_V4BX relocation as defined in the ARM AAELF
4 specification has been added via the --fix-v4bx command-line option.
6 * New linker script construct AS_NEEDED(), which sets the --as-needed flag
7 for input files listed inside of it.
9 * A new command-line option, --sysroot, can be used to override the
10 default sysroot location. It only applies to toolchains that were
11 configured using --with-sysroot.
13 * New linker script functions: ORIGIN() and LENGTH() which return information
14 about a specified memory region.
16 * Port to MAXQ processor contributed by HCL Tech.
18 * Added SEGMENT_START to the linker script language to permit the user to
19 override the base address for a segment from the command-line.
21 * ELF: --warn-shared-textrel option to warn if adding a DT_TEXTREL to a shared
24 * Added SORT_BY_NAME and SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT to the linker script
25 language to permit sorting sections by section name or section
28 * Added a new linker command line switch, --sort-section name|alignment,
29 to sort sections by section name or maximum alignment.
31 * ELF: --add-needed/--no-add-needed options to control if a DT_NEEDED tag
32 should be added when a shared library comes from DT_NEEDED tags.
34 * Support for the crx-elf target added.
36 * Support for the sh-symbianelf target added.
38 * A new linker command line switch has been added which allows the hash table
39 size to be set to a suitable prime value near to its argument. This switch
40 is --hash-size=<NUMBER>. Also if the switch --reduce-memory-overheads is
41 used, and --hash-size has not been used, then the default value will be set
44 * Linker map files are now generated with an O(N) algorithm for finding symbols
45 that are defined in each section. This uses about 40% more memory for
46 symbols than the old O(N^2) algorithm. You can use the new
47 --reduce-memory-overheads option to select the old algorithm; this option
48 might also be used in the future to select similar tradeoffs.
52 * ELF: --as-needed/--no-as-needed options to control if a DT_NEEDED tag should
53 be added only when a shared library is referenced.
55 * PE: --large-address-aware option to indicate executables support virtual
56 addresses greater than 2 gigabytes.
58 * DWARF 2 support for i386pe added.
60 * The linker script operator DEFINED() will now yield 1 only for a symbol that
61 is defined before the statement where DEFINED is used.
63 * The MIPS --embedded-relocs (used to embed relocations into binaries for
64 Embedded-PIC code) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
66 * cr16c support added by NSC.
68 * m32r Linux (ELF) support added by Renesas.
70 * Improved linker's handling of unresolved symbols. The switch
71 --unresolved-symbols=<method> has been added to tell the linker when it
72 should report them and the switch --warn-unresolved-symbols has been added to
73 make reports be issued as warning messages rather than errors.
77 * Added support for Xtensa architecture.
79 * Added --with-sysroot configure switch to specify a target system root, for
80 linking against a target filesystem image.
82 * Added --accept-unknown-linker-format to restore old linker behaviour (pre
83 2.14) of silently accepting and linking in any files in an unknown binary
86 * Added --no-omagic to undo the effects of the -N option.
88 * Support for Texas Instruments TMS320C4x and TMS320C3x series of
89 DSP's contributed by Michael Hayes and Svein E. Seldal.
91 * Added --with-lib-path configure switch to specify default value for
94 * ARM port to QNX operating system added by Graeme Peterson.
96 * IP2K support added by Denis Chertykov.
100 * Support for the Fujitsu FRV architecture added by Red Hat. Models for FR400
103 Changes in version 2.13:
105 * DEC VAX ELF support, by Matt Thomas.
107 Changes in version 2.12:
109 * Support for Don Knuth's MMIX, by Hans-Peter Nilsson.
111 * Support for the OpenRISC 32-bit embedded processor by OpenCores.
113 * Support for -z nocopyreloc in the x86 ELF linker, which disables
114 production of copy relocs. Warning: using this option may result in
115 non-sharable applications.
117 * Support for -z combreloc in the ELF linker, which puts dynamic
118 relocations against the same symbol together, so that dynamic linker
119 can use an one-entry symbol lookup cache.
121 * Support for ELF SHF_MERGE section merging, by Jakub Jelinek.
123 Changes in version 2.11:
125 * Support for AMD x86-64 architecture, by Jan Hubicka, SuSE Labs.
127 * Support added for eliminating duplicate DWARF2 debug information by
128 having the compiler generate the information in sections called
129 .gnu.linkonce.wi.XXXX where XXXX is a checksum for the contents. The
130 linker then merges these sections together into the normal .debug_info
133 * The native ELF linker now searches the directories in DT_RUNPATH or
134 DT_RPATH of a shared library for shared libraries needed by it.
136 * TI C54x support, by Timothy Wall.
138 * Added command line switch --section-start to set the start address of any
141 * Added ability to emit full relocation information in linked executables,
142 enabled by --emit-relocs. Some post-linkage optimization tools need
143 this information in order to be able to correctly identify and perform
144 symbol relative addressing in the event of changes in section contents
145 (instructions being added or deleted, extending data sections, etc.)
147 * Support for i860, by Jason Eckhardt (preliminary, alpha quality).
149 * Support for CRIS (Axis Communications ETRAX series).
151 * Support for PDP-11 and 2.11BSD a.out format, by Lars Brinkhoff.
153 Changes in version 2.10:
155 * Added AT> to the linker script language to allow load-time allocation of
156 sections into regions.
158 * Added garbage collection of unused sections, enabled by --gc-sections.
159 It does require a bit of backend support; currently implemented are
160 arm-elf, avr-elf, d10v-elf, fr30-elf, i386-elf, m32r-elf, m68k-elf,
161 mcore-elf, mips-elf, mn10300-elf, ppc-elf, sh-elf, sparc-elf, and v850-elf.
162 Others will ignore the option.
164 * Added SORT to the linker script language to permit sorting sections by file
165 name or section name.
167 * Added EXTERN to the linker script language as an equivalent to the -u
170 * Added ASSERT to the linker script language.
172 * Added EXCLUDE_FILE to the linker script language for further control over
175 * Added -O option to optimize linker output (as of this writing, this only
176 affects ELF shared library generation).
178 * The -e option now accepts a number as well as a symbol name.
180 * Added --no-undefined option to disallow undefined symbols when creating a
183 * The linker now issues a warning, not an error, for an undefined symbol when
184 using -Bsymbolic; use the new --no-undefined option to get the old
187 * Added --demangle and --no-demangle options.
189 Changes in version 2.9:
191 * Added SQUAD to the linker script language.
193 * New option --no-warn-mismatch.
195 * The MEMORY command now parses the attributes to determine where sections that
196 are not placed in a specific memory region are placed.
198 Changes in version 2.8:
200 * Linker scripts may now contain shell wildcard characters for file and section
203 * The linker now supports symbol versions in ELF.
205 * The NOCROSSREFS command was added to the linker script language.
207 * The LOADADDR expression was added to the linker script language.
209 * MAX and MIN functions were added to the linker script language.
211 * The OVERLAY construct was added to the linker script language.
213 * New option --warn-section-align to warn when the address of an output section
214 changes due to alignment of an input section.
216 * New options --filter/-F and --auxiliary/-f.
218 Changes in version 2.7:
220 * New option --cref to print out a cross reference table.
222 * New option --wrap SYMBOL.
224 * New option --no-whole-archive, to turn off the effect of --whole-archive.
226 * Input sections assigned to the output section /DISCARD/ in the linker script
227 are not included in the output file.
229 * The SunOS and ELF linkers now merge stabs debugging information which uses
230 the N_BINCL and N_EINCL stab types. This reduces the amount of debugging
231 information generated.
233 Changes in version 2.6:
235 * When an ELF section name is representable as a C identifier (this is not true
236 of most ELF section names), the linker will automatically define symbols
237 __start_SECNAME and __stop_SECNAME, where SECNAME is the section name, at the
238 beginning and the end of the section. This is used by glibc.
240 * When an ELF section named .gnu.warning is encountered in an input file, the
241 contents of the section are displayed as an error message, and the section is
242 not copied into the output file. This is used by glibc.
244 * When an ELF section named .gnu.warning.SYMBOL is encountered in an input
245 file, and the symbol SYMBOL is referenced by some object file, the contents of
246 the section are displayed as an error message. The section is not copied into
247 the output file, unless doing a relocatable or shared link. This is used by
250 * New options -split-by-reloc and -split-by-file.
252 * The linker now supports linking PIC compiled code on SPARC SunOS. It can
253 also create SPARC SunOS shared libraries, and, like the native SunOS linker,
254 will do so whenever there is an undefined symbol in the link and neither the -e
255 nor the -r option was used.
257 * The -rpath option may be used on SunOS to set the list of directories to be
258 searched at run time. This overrides the default of building the list from the
261 * The COFF linker now combines debugging information for structs, unions, and
262 enums, so that even if the same type is defined in multiple input files it will
263 only be defined once in the output file. The --traditional-format switch will
264 prevent this optimization.
266 Changes in version 2.5:
268 * The linker now supports linking against SunOS shared libraries. It still can
269 not link SunOS PIC (Position Independent Code) files, so it can not be used to
270 generate shared libraries.
272 * The linker now supports linking against ELF shared libraries for the i386
273 (UnixWare) and SPARC (Solaris). It can also link ELF PIC files, and can be
274 used to generate shared libraries. Shared library generation is not well
275 tested; please report any problems encountered. The linker is now enabled for
278 * Eric Youngdale has contributed Linux support code, including linking against
279 Linux a.out shared libraries. The linker produces Linux QMAGIC binaries.
281 * The ELF backend has been converted to the new linker code. To use the new
282 ELF linker, each particular target requires a relocation function. So far,
283 this function has been written for i386 (UnixWare), SPARC (Solaris) MIPS (Irix
284 5), and HPPA ELF targets.
286 * The -( (--start-group) and -) (--end-group) options have been added to
287 support searching a group of archives as though they were a single archive.
288 This can also be used in a linker script, as GROUP ( files ).
290 * When a file is named on the command line, and the linker does not recognize
291 it as an object file, the linker will now treat the file as a linker script
292 file. A linker script named in this way augments, but does not replace, the
293 default linker script.
295 * The -warn-once option was added. It causes the linker to only warn once per
296 undefined symbol, rather than once per reference.
298 * The COFF backend has been converted to the new linker code. As with ELF, to
299 use the new linker, each particular target requires a relocation function. So
300 far, this function has been written for the i386, m68k, a29k and SH targets.
302 * The -V flag was made a synonym for -v, for SVR4 compatibility. The old -V
303 behaviour is available via --verbose.
305 Changes in version 2.4:
307 * New linker code, by Steve Chamberlain and Ian Taylor. For a.out and ecoff
308 formats (so far), this should result in considerable savings in time
309 and memory used while linking; slightly poorer performance than
310 before for formats not converted yet.
312 * Command-line parsing is no longer done with flex. This means
313 oddball characters in filenames won't get treated as argument
316 * HP-PA ELF support, by Jeff Law. (No SOM support yet.)
318 * Mach i386 support, by David Mackenzie.
320 * Irix 4 shared libraries are now supported (Irix 5 uses ELF, and ELF shared
321 libraries are not yet supported).
323 * COFF shared libraries (as on SCO) should work as well.
325 * The linker is disabled for Solaris. (Actually, it was in 2.3 also, I just
326 forgot to note it.) Some of their C library routines don't work when
327 statically linked, and the GNU linker doesn't support dynamic linking yet.
329 Changes in version 2.3:
331 * Weak symbols are now supported.
333 * ELF support has been added. The linker has been bootstrapped on
334 UnixWare and Solaris.
336 * Alpha OSF/1 support has been added (non dynamic linking only).
338 Changes in version 2.2:
340 * The `bfd' library has been updated to reduce a.out-format string
341 table size. The effect of this is that files linked from many input
342 files with duplicate symbols (`-g' debugging records, or identical
343 static symbols) should be much smaller.
345 Changes in version 2.1:
347 * The ld -ySYMBOL flag (to trace references to SYMBOL) is now implemented.
349 * There is now support for writing ECOFF files, so ld and the
350 other utilities should work on Risc/Ultrix and Irix.