-Wchar-subscripts cleanup
[binutils.git] / binutils / nlmheader.y
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1 %{/* nlmheader.y - parse NLM header specification keywords.
2 Copyright (C) 1993, 94, 95, 97, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This file is part of GNU Binutils.
6 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
9 (at your option) any later version.
11 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 GNU General Public License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
18 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
20 /* Written by Ian Lance Taylor <ian@cygnus.com>.
22 This bison file parses the commands recognized by the NetWare NLM
23 linker, except for lists of object files. It stores the
24 information in global variables.
26 This implementation is based on the description in the NetWare Tool
27 Maker Specification manual, edition 1.0. */
29 #include <ansidecl.h>
30 #include <stdio.h>
31 #include <ctype.h>
32 #include "bfd.h"
33 #include "bucomm.h"
34 #include "nlm/common.h"
35 #include "nlm/internal.h"
36 #include "nlmconv.h"
38 /* Information is stored in the structures pointed to by these
39 variables. */
41 Nlm_Internal_Fixed_Header *fixed_hdr;
42 Nlm_Internal_Variable_Header *var_hdr;
43 Nlm_Internal_Version_Header *version_hdr;
44 Nlm_Internal_Copyright_Header *copyright_hdr;
45 Nlm_Internal_Extended_Header *extended_hdr;
47 /* Procedure named by CHECK. */
48 char *check_procedure;
49 /* File named by CUSTOM. */
50 char *custom_file;
51 /* Whether to generate debugging information (DEBUG). */
52 boolean debug_info;
53 /* Procedure named by EXIT. */
54 char *exit_procedure;
55 /* Exported symbols (EXPORT). */
56 struct string_list *export_symbols;
57 /* List of files from INPUT. */
58 struct string_list *input_files;
59 /* Map file name (MAP, FULLMAP). */
60 char *map_file;
61 /* Whether a full map has been requested (FULLMAP). */
62 boolean full_map;
63 /* File named by HELP. */
64 char *help_file;
65 /* Imported symbols (IMPORT). */
66 struct string_list *import_symbols;
67 /* File named by MESSAGES. */
68 char *message_file;
69 /* Autoload module list (MODULE). */
70 struct string_list *modules;
71 /* File named by OUTPUT. */
72 char *output_file;
73 /* File named by SHARELIB. */
74 char *sharelib_file;
75 /* Start procedure name (START). */
76 char *start_procedure;
77 /* VERBOSE. */
78 boolean verbose;
79 /* RPC description file (XDCDATA). */
80 char *rpc_file;
82 /* The number of serious errors that have occurred. */
83 int parse_errors;
85 /* The current symbol prefix when reading a list of import or export
86 symbols. */
87 static char *symbol_prefix;
89 /* Parser error message handler. */
90 #define yyerror(msg) nlmheader_error (msg);
92 /* Local functions. */
93 static int yylex PARAMS ((void));
94 static void nlmlex_file_push PARAMS ((const char *));
95 static boolean nlmlex_file_open PARAMS ((const char *));
96 static int nlmlex_buf_init PARAMS ((void));
97 static char nlmlex_buf_add PARAMS ((int));
98 static long nlmlex_get_number PARAMS ((const char *));
99 static void nlmheader_identify PARAMS ((void));
100 static void nlmheader_warn PARAMS ((const char *, int));
101 static void nlmheader_error PARAMS ((const char *));
102 static struct string_list * string_list_cons PARAMS ((char *,
103 struct string_list *));
104 static struct string_list * string_list_append PARAMS ((struct string_list *,
105 struct string_list *));
106 static struct string_list * string_list_append1 PARAMS ((struct string_list *,
107 char *));
108 static char *xstrdup PARAMS ((const char *));
112 %union
114 char *string;
115 struct string_list *list;
118 /* The reserved words. */
120 %token CHECK CODESTART COPYRIGHT CUSTOM DATE DEBUG DESCRIPTION EXIT
121 %token EXPORT FLAG_ON FLAG_OFF FULLMAP HELP IMPORT INPUT MAP MESSAGES
122 %token MODULE MULTIPLE OS_DOMAIN OUTPUT PSEUDOPREEMPTION REENTRANT
123 %token SCREENNAME SHARELIB STACK START SYNCHRONIZE
124 %token THREADNAME TYPE VERBOSE VERSIONK XDCDATA
126 /* Arguments. */
128 %token <string> STRING
129 %token <string> QUOTED_STRING
131 /* Typed non-terminals. */
132 %type <list> symbol_list_opt symbol_list string_list
133 %type <string> symbol
137 /* Keywords must start in the leftmost column of the file. Arguments
138 may appear anywhere else. The lexer uses this to determine what
139 token to return, so we don't have to worry about it here. */
141 /* The entire file is just a list of commands. */
143 file:
144 commands
147 /* A possibly empty list of commands. */
149 commands:
150 /* May be empty. */
151 | command commands
154 /* A single command. There is where most of the work takes place. */
156 command:
157 CHECK STRING
159 check_procedure = $2;
161 | CODESTART STRING
163 nlmheader_warn (_("CODESTART is not implemented; sorry"), -1);
164 free ($2);
166 | COPYRIGHT QUOTED_STRING
168 int len;
170 strncpy (copyright_hdr->stamp, "CoPyRiGhT=", 10);
171 len = strlen ($2);
172 if (len >= NLM_MAX_COPYRIGHT_MESSAGE_LENGTH)
174 nlmheader_warn (_("copyright string is too long"),
175 NLM_MAX_COPYRIGHT_MESSAGE_LENGTH - 1);
176 len = NLM_MAX_COPYRIGHT_MESSAGE_LENGTH - 1;
178 copyright_hdr->copyrightMessageLength = len;
179 strncpy (copyright_hdr->copyrightMessage, $2, len);
180 copyright_hdr->copyrightMessage[len] = '\0';
181 free ($2);
183 | CUSTOM STRING
185 custom_file = $2;
187 | DATE STRING STRING STRING
189 /* We don't set the version stamp here, because we use the
190 version stamp to detect whether the required VERSION
191 keyword was given. */
192 version_hdr->month = nlmlex_get_number ($2);
193 version_hdr->day = nlmlex_get_number ($3);
194 version_hdr->year = nlmlex_get_number ($4);
195 free ($2);
196 free ($3);
197 free ($4);
198 if (version_hdr->month < 1 || version_hdr->month > 12)
199 nlmheader_warn (_("illegal month"), -1);
200 if (version_hdr->day < 1 || version_hdr->day > 31)
201 nlmheader_warn (_("illegal day"), -1);
202 if (version_hdr->year < 1900 || version_hdr->year > 3000)
203 nlmheader_warn (_("illegal year"), -1);
205 | DEBUG
207 debug_info = true;
209 | DESCRIPTION QUOTED_STRING
211 int len;
213 len = strlen ($2);
214 if (len > NLM_MAX_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH)
216 nlmheader_warn (_("description string is too long"),
217 NLM_MAX_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH);
218 len = NLM_MAX_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH;
220 var_hdr->descriptionLength = len;
221 strncpy (var_hdr->descriptionText, $2, len);
222 var_hdr->descriptionText[len] = '\0';
223 free ($2);
225 | EXIT STRING
227 exit_procedure = $2;
229 | EXPORT
231 symbol_prefix = NULL;
233 symbol_list_opt
235 export_symbols = string_list_append (export_symbols, $3);
237 | FLAG_ON STRING
239 fixed_hdr->flags |= nlmlex_get_number ($2);
240 free ($2);
242 | FLAG_OFF STRING
244 fixed_hdr->flags &=~ nlmlex_get_number ($2);
245 free ($2);
247 | FULLMAP
249 map_file = "";
250 full_map = true;
252 | FULLMAP STRING
254 map_file = $2;
255 full_map = true;
257 | HELP STRING
259 help_file = $2;
261 | IMPORT
263 symbol_prefix = NULL;
265 symbol_list_opt
267 import_symbols = string_list_append (import_symbols, $3);
269 | INPUT string_list
271 input_files = string_list_append (input_files, $2);
273 | MAP
275 map_file = "";
277 | MAP STRING
279 map_file = $2;
281 | MESSAGES STRING
283 message_file = $2;
285 | MODULE string_list
287 modules = string_list_append (modules, $2);
289 | MULTIPLE
291 fixed_hdr->flags |= 0x2;
293 | OS_DOMAIN
295 fixed_hdr->flags |= 0x10;
297 | OUTPUT STRING
299 if (output_file == NULL)
300 output_file = $2;
301 else
302 nlmheader_warn (_("ignoring duplicate OUTPUT statement"), -1);
304 | PSEUDOPREEMPTION
306 fixed_hdr->flags |= 0x8;
308 | REENTRANT
310 fixed_hdr->flags |= 0x1;
312 | SCREENNAME QUOTED_STRING
314 int len;
316 len = strlen ($2);
317 if (len >= NLM_MAX_SCREEN_NAME_LENGTH)
319 nlmheader_warn (_("screen name is too long"),
320 NLM_MAX_SCREEN_NAME_LENGTH);
321 len = NLM_MAX_SCREEN_NAME_LENGTH;
323 var_hdr->screenNameLength = len;
324 strncpy (var_hdr->screenName, $2, len);
325 var_hdr->screenName[NLM_MAX_SCREEN_NAME_LENGTH] = '\0';
326 free ($2);
328 | SHARELIB STRING
330 sharelib_file = $2;
332 | STACK STRING
334 var_hdr->stackSize = nlmlex_get_number ($2);
335 free ($2);
337 | START STRING
339 start_procedure = $2;
341 | SYNCHRONIZE
343 fixed_hdr->flags |= 0x4;
345 | THREADNAME QUOTED_STRING
347 int len;
349 len = strlen ($2);
350 if (len >= NLM_MAX_THREAD_NAME_LENGTH)
352 nlmheader_warn (_("thread name is too long"),
353 NLM_MAX_THREAD_NAME_LENGTH);
354 len = NLM_MAX_THREAD_NAME_LENGTH;
356 var_hdr->threadNameLength = len;
357 strncpy (var_hdr->threadName, $2, len);
358 var_hdr->threadName[len] = '\0';
359 free ($2);
361 | TYPE STRING
363 fixed_hdr->moduleType = nlmlex_get_number ($2);
364 free ($2);
366 | VERBOSE
368 verbose = true;
370 | VERSIONK STRING STRING STRING
372 long val;
374 strncpy (version_hdr->stamp, "VeRsIoN#", 8);
375 version_hdr->majorVersion = nlmlex_get_number ($2);
376 val = nlmlex_get_number ($3);
377 if (val < 0 || val > 99)
378 nlmheader_warn (_("illegal minor version number (must be between 0 and 99)"),
379 -1);
380 else
381 version_hdr->minorVersion = val;
382 val = nlmlex_get_number ($4);
383 if (val < 0)
384 nlmheader_warn (_("illegal revision number (must be between 0 and 26)"),
385 -1);
386 else if (val > 26)
387 version_hdr->revision = 0;
388 else
389 version_hdr->revision = val;
390 free ($2);
391 free ($3);
392 free ($4);
394 | VERSIONK STRING STRING
396 long val;
398 strncpy (version_hdr->stamp, "VeRsIoN#", 8);
399 version_hdr->majorVersion = nlmlex_get_number ($2);
400 val = nlmlex_get_number ($3);
401 if (val < 0 || val > 99)
402 nlmheader_warn (_("illegal minor version number (must be between 0 and 99)"),
403 -1);
404 else
405 version_hdr->minorVersion = val;
406 version_hdr->revision = 0;
407 free ($2);
408 free ($3);
410 | XDCDATA STRING
412 rpc_file = $2;
416 /* A possibly empty list of symbols. */
418 symbol_list_opt:
419 /* Empty. */
421 $$ = NULL;
423 | symbol_list
425 $$ = $1;
429 /* A list of symbols in an import or export list. Prefixes may appear
430 in parentheses. We need to use left recursion here to avoid
431 building up a large import list on the parser stack. */
433 symbol_list:
434 symbol
436 $$ = string_list_cons ($1, NULL);
438 | symbol_prefix
440 $$ = NULL;
442 | symbol_list symbol
444 $$ = string_list_append1 ($1, $2);
446 | symbol_list symbol_prefix
448 $$ = $1;
452 /* A prefix for subsequent symbols. */
454 symbol_prefix:
455 '(' STRING ')'
457 if (symbol_prefix != NULL)
458 free (symbol_prefix);
459 symbol_prefix = $2;
463 /* A single symbol. */
465 symbol:
466 STRING
468 if (symbol_prefix == NULL)
469 $$ = $1;
470 else
472 $$ = xmalloc (strlen (symbol_prefix) + strlen ($1) + 2);
473 sprintf ($$, "%s@%s", symbol_prefix, $1);
474 free ($1);
479 /* A list of strings. */
481 string_list:
482 /* May be empty. */
484 $$ = NULL;
486 | STRING string_list
488 $$ = string_list_cons ($1, $2);
494 /* If strerror is just a macro, we want to use the one from libiberty
495 since it will handle undefined values. */
496 #undef strerror
497 extern char *strerror ();
499 /* The lexer is simple, too simple for flex. Keywords are only
500 recognized at the start of lines. Everything else must be an
501 argument. A comma is treated as whitespace. */
503 /* The states the lexer can be in. */
505 enum lex_state
507 /* At the beginning of a line. */
508 BEGINNING_OF_LINE,
509 /* In the middle of a line. */
510 IN_LINE
513 /* We need to keep a stack of files to handle file inclusion. */
515 struct input
517 /* The file to read from. */
518 FILE *file;
519 /* The name of the file. */
520 char *name;
521 /* The current line number. */
522 int lineno;
523 /* The current state. */
524 enum lex_state state;
525 /* The next file on the stack. */
526 struct input *next;
529 /* The current input file. */
531 static struct input current;
533 /* The character which introduces comments. */
534 #define COMMENT_CHAR '#'
536 /* Start the lexer going on the main input file. */
538 boolean
539 nlmlex_file (name)
540 const char *name;
542 current.next = NULL;
543 return nlmlex_file_open (name);
546 /* Start the lexer going on a subsidiary input file. */
548 static void
549 nlmlex_file_push (name)
550 const char *name;
552 struct input *push;
554 push = (struct input *) xmalloc (sizeof (struct input));
555 *push = current;
556 if (nlmlex_file_open (name))
557 current.next = push;
558 else
560 current = *push;
561 free (push);
565 /* Start lexing from a file. */
567 static boolean
568 nlmlex_file_open (name)
569 const char *name;
571 current.file = fopen (name, "r");
572 if (current.file == NULL)
574 fprintf (stderr, "%s:%s: %s\n", program_name, name, strerror (errno));
575 ++parse_errors;
576 return false;
578 current.name = xstrdup (name);
579 current.lineno = 1;
580 current.state = BEGINNING_OF_LINE;
581 return true;
584 /* Table used to turn keywords into tokens. */
586 struct keyword_tokens_struct
588 const char *keyword;
589 int token;
592 struct keyword_tokens_struct keyword_tokens[] =
594 { "CHECK", CHECK },
595 { "CODESTART", CODESTART },
596 { "COPYRIGHT", COPYRIGHT },
597 { "CUSTOM", CUSTOM },
598 { "DATE", DATE },
599 { "DEBUG", DEBUG },
600 { "DESCRIPTION", DESCRIPTION },
601 { "EXIT", EXIT },
602 { "EXPORT", EXPORT },
603 { "FLAG_ON", FLAG_ON },
604 { "FLAG_OFF", FLAG_OFF },
605 { "FULLMAP", FULLMAP },
606 { "HELP", HELP },
607 { "IMPORT", IMPORT },
608 { "INPUT", INPUT },
609 { "MAP", MAP },
610 { "MESSAGES", MESSAGES },
611 { "MODULE", MODULE },
612 { "MULTIPLE", MULTIPLE },
613 { "OS_DOMAIN", OS_DOMAIN },
614 { "OUTPUT", OUTPUT },
615 { "PSEUDOPREEMPTION", PSEUDOPREEMPTION },
616 { "REENTRANT", REENTRANT },
617 { "SCREENNAME", SCREENNAME },
618 { "SHARELIB", SHARELIB },
619 { "STACK", STACK },
620 { "STACKSIZE", STACK },
621 { "START", START },
622 { "SYNCHRONIZE", SYNCHRONIZE },
623 { "THREADNAME", THREADNAME },
624 { "TYPE", TYPE },
625 { "VERBOSE", VERBOSE },
626 { "VERSION", VERSIONK },
627 { "XDCDATA", XDCDATA }
630 #define KEYWORD_COUNT (sizeof (keyword_tokens) / sizeof (keyword_tokens[0]))
632 /* The lexer accumulates strings in these variables. */
633 static char *lex_buf;
634 static int lex_size;
635 static int lex_pos;
637 /* Start accumulating strings into the buffer. */
638 #define BUF_INIT() \
639 ((void) (lex_buf != NULL ? lex_pos = 0 : nlmlex_buf_init ()))
641 static int
642 nlmlex_buf_init ()
644 lex_size = 10;
645 lex_buf = xmalloc (lex_size + 1);
646 lex_pos = 0;
647 return 0;
650 /* Finish a string in the buffer. */
651 #define BUF_FINISH() ((void) (lex_buf[lex_pos] = '\0'))
653 /* Accumulate a character into the buffer. */
654 #define BUF_ADD(c) \
655 ((void) (lex_pos < lex_size \
656 ? lex_buf[lex_pos++] = (c) \
657 : nlmlex_buf_add (c)))
659 static char
660 nlmlex_buf_add (c)
661 int c;
663 if (lex_pos >= lex_size)
665 lex_size *= 2;
666 lex_buf = xrealloc (lex_buf, lex_size + 1);
669 return lex_buf[lex_pos++] = c;
672 /* The lexer proper. This is called by the bison generated parsing
673 code. */
675 static int
676 yylex ()
678 int c;
680 tail_recurse:
682 c = getc (current.file);
684 /* Commas are treated as whitespace characters. */
685 while (isspace ((unsigned char) c) || c == ',')
687 current.state = IN_LINE;
688 if (c == '\n')
690 ++current.lineno;
691 current.state = BEGINNING_OF_LINE;
693 c = getc (current.file);
696 /* At the end of the file we either pop to the previous file or
697 finish up. */
698 if (c == EOF)
700 fclose (current.file);
701 free (current.name);
702 if (current.next == NULL)
703 return 0;
704 else
706 struct input *next;
708 next = current.next;
709 current = *next;
710 free (next);
711 goto tail_recurse;
715 /* A comment character always means to drop everything until the
716 next newline. */
717 if (c == COMMENT_CHAR)
721 c = getc (current.file);
723 while (c != '\n');
724 ++current.lineno;
725 current.state = BEGINNING_OF_LINE;
726 goto tail_recurse;
729 /* An '@' introduces an include file. */
730 if (c == '@')
734 c = getc (current.file);
735 if (c == '\n')
736 ++current.lineno;
738 while (isspace ((unsigned char) c));
739 BUF_INIT ();
740 while (! isspace ((unsigned char) c) && c != EOF)
742 BUF_ADD (c);
743 c = getc (current.file);
745 BUF_FINISH ();
747 ungetc (c, current.file);
749 nlmlex_file_push (lex_buf);
750 goto tail_recurse;
753 /* A non-space character at the start of a line must be the start of
754 a keyword. */
755 if (current.state == BEGINNING_OF_LINE)
757 BUF_INIT ();
758 while (isalnum ((unsigned char) c) || c == '_')
760 if (islower ((unsigned char) c))
761 BUF_ADD (toupper ((unsigned char) c));
762 else
763 BUF_ADD (c);
764 c = getc (current.file);
766 BUF_FINISH ();
768 if (c != EOF && ! isspace ((unsigned char) c) && c != ',')
770 nlmheader_identify ();
771 fprintf (stderr, _("%s:%d: illegal character in keyword: %c\n"),
772 current.name, current.lineno, c);
774 else
776 unsigned int i;
778 for (i = 0; i < KEYWORD_COUNT; i++)
780 if (lex_buf[0] == keyword_tokens[i].keyword[0]
781 && strcmp (lex_buf, keyword_tokens[i].keyword) == 0)
783 /* Pushing back the final whitespace avoids worrying
784 about \n here. */
785 ungetc (c, current.file);
786 current.state = IN_LINE;
787 return keyword_tokens[i].token;
791 nlmheader_identify ();
792 fprintf (stderr, _("%s:%d: unrecognized keyword: %s\n"),
793 current.name, current.lineno, lex_buf);
796 ++parse_errors;
797 /* Treat the rest of this line as a comment. */
798 ungetc (COMMENT_CHAR, current.file);
799 goto tail_recurse;
802 /* Parentheses just represent themselves. */
803 if (c == '(' || c == ')')
804 return c;
806 /* Handle quoted strings. */
807 if (c == '"' || c == '\'')
809 int quote;
810 int start_lineno;
812 quote = c;
813 start_lineno = current.lineno;
815 c = getc (current.file);
816 BUF_INIT ();
817 while (c != quote && c != EOF)
819 BUF_ADD (c);
820 if (c == '\n')
821 ++current.lineno;
822 c = getc (current.file);
824 BUF_FINISH ();
826 if (c == EOF)
828 nlmheader_identify ();
829 fprintf (stderr, _("%s:%d: end of file in quoted string\n"),
830 current.name, start_lineno);
831 ++parse_errors;
834 /* FIXME: Possible memory leak. */
835 yylval.string = xstrdup (lex_buf);
836 return QUOTED_STRING;
839 /* Gather a generic argument. */
840 BUF_INIT ();
841 while (! isspace (c)
842 && c != ','
843 && c != COMMENT_CHAR
844 && c != '('
845 && c != ')')
847 BUF_ADD (c);
848 c = getc (current.file);
850 BUF_FINISH ();
852 ungetc (c, current.file);
854 /* FIXME: Possible memory leak. */
855 yylval.string = xstrdup (lex_buf);
856 return STRING;
859 /* Get a number from a string. */
861 static long
862 nlmlex_get_number (s)
863 const char *s;
865 long ret;
866 char *send;
868 ret = strtol (s, &send, 10);
869 if (*send != '\0')
870 nlmheader_warn (_("bad number"), -1);
871 return ret;
874 /* Prefix the nlmconv warnings with a note as to where they come from.
875 We don't use program_name on every warning, because then some
876 versions of the emacs next-error function can't recognize the line
877 number. */
879 static void
880 nlmheader_identify ()
882 static int done;
884 if (! done)
886 fprintf (stderr, _("%s: problems in NLM command language input:\n"),
887 program_name);
888 done = 1;
892 /* Issue a warning. */
894 static void
895 nlmheader_warn (s, imax)
896 const char *s;
897 int imax;
899 nlmheader_identify ();
900 fprintf (stderr, "%s:%d: %s", current.name, current.lineno, s);
901 if (imax != -1)
902 fprintf (stderr, " (max %d)", imax);
903 fprintf (stderr, "\n");
906 /* Report an error. */
908 static void
909 nlmheader_error (s)
910 const char *s;
912 nlmheader_warn (s, -1);
913 ++parse_errors;
916 /* Add a string to a string list. */
918 static struct string_list *
919 string_list_cons (s, l)
920 char *s;
921 struct string_list *l;
923 struct string_list *ret;
925 ret = (struct string_list *) xmalloc (sizeof (struct string_list));
926 ret->next = l;
927 ret->string = s;
928 return ret;
931 /* Append a string list to another string list. */
933 static struct string_list *
934 string_list_append (l1, l2)
935 struct string_list *l1;
936 struct string_list *l2;
938 register struct string_list **pp;
940 for (pp = &l1; *pp != NULL; pp = &(*pp)->next)
942 *pp = l2;
943 return l1;
946 /* Append a string to a string list. */
948 static struct string_list *
949 string_list_append1 (l, s)
950 struct string_list *l;
951 char *s;
953 struct string_list *n;
954 register struct string_list **pp;
956 n = (struct string_list *) xmalloc (sizeof (struct string_list));
957 n->next = NULL;
958 n->string = s;
959 for (pp = &l; *pp != NULL; pp = &(*pp)->next)
961 *pp = n;
962 return l;
965 /* Duplicate a string in memory. */
967 static char *
968 xstrdup (s)
969 const char *s;
971 unsigned long len;
972 char *ret;
974 len = strlen (s);
975 ret = xmalloc (len + 1);
976 strcpy (ret, s);
977 return ret;