1 @c Copyright 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011
2 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
4 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
9 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
13 @node Machine Dependencies
14 @chapter AVR Dependent Features
19 * AVR Options:: Options
21 * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes
26 @cindex AVR options (none)
27 @cindex options for AVR (none)
31 @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR
33 Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type.
35 Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C
36 compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200,
37 attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28).
39 Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to
40 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343,
41 attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534,
44 Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory
45 space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313,
46 attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84,
47 attiny84a, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461,
48 attiny461a, attiny861, attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88,
51 Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program
52 memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711).
54 Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program
55 memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320).
57 Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP
58 instructions (MCU types: attiny167, at90usb82, at90usb162, atmega8u2,
59 atmega16u2, atmega32u2).
61 Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program
62 memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48a, atmega48p, atmega8, atmega88,
63 atmega88a, atmega88p, atmega88pa, atmega8515, atmega8535, atmega8hva, at90pwm1,
64 at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81).
66 Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program
67 memory space (MCU types: atmega16, atmega16a, atmega161, atmega162, atmega163,
68 atmega164a, atmega164p, atmega165, atmega165a, atmega165p, atmega168,
69 atmega168a, atmega168p, atmega169, atmega169a, atmega169p, atmega169pa,
70 atmega32, atmega323, atmega324a, atmega324p, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega325p,
71 atmega325pa, atmega3250, atmega3250a, atmega3250p, atmega3250pa, atmega328,
72 atmega328p, atmega329, atmega329a, atmega329p, atmega329pa, atmega3290,
73 atmega3290a, atmega3290p, atmega3290pa, atmega406, atmega64, atmega640,
74 atmega644, atmega644a, atmega644p, atmega644pa, atmega645, atmega645a,
75 atmega645p, atmega6450, atmega6450a, atmega6450p, atmega649, atmega649a,
76 atmega649p, atmega6490, atmega6490a, atmega6490p, atmega16hva, atmega16hva2,
77 atmega16hvb, atmega16hvbrevb, atmega32hvb, atmega32hvbrevb, atmega64hve,
78 at90can32, at90can64, at90pwm161, at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1,
79 atmega64c1, atmega16m1, atmega32m1, atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4,
80 atmega32u6, at90usb646, at90usb647, at94k, at90scr100).
82 Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K program
83 memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega1280, atmega1281, atmega1284p,
84 atmega128rfa1, at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000).
86 Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC (MCU types:
87 atmega2560, atmega2561).
89 Instruction set avrxmega2 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K program
90 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega16a4, atxmega16d4,
91 atxmega16x1, atxmega32a4, atxmega32d4, atxmega32x1).
93 Instruction set avrxmega3 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K program
94 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: none).
96 Instruction set avrxmega4 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K program
97 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega64a3, atxmega64d3).
99 Instruction set avrxmega5 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K program
100 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega64a1,
103 Instruction set avrxmega6 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 256K program
104 memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega128a3,
105 atxmega128d3, atxmega192a3, atxmega128b1, atxmega192d3, atxmega256a3,
106 atxmega256a3b, atxmega256a3bu, atxmega192d3).
108 Instruction set avrxmega7 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 256K program
109 memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega128a1,
112 @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR
114 Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}.
116 @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR
118 This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions.
120 @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR
122 This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around.
130 * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters
131 * AVR-Regs:: Register Names
132 * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers
136 @subsection Special Characters
138 @cindex line comment character, AVR
139 @cindex AVR line comment character
141 The presence of a @samp{;} anywhere on a line indicates the start of a
142 comment that extends to the end of that line.
144 If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line, the whole line
145 is treated as a comment, but in this case the line can also be a
146 logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor
147 control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
149 @cindex line separator, AVR
150 @cindex statement separator, AVR
151 @cindex AVR line separator
153 The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate
157 @subsection Register Names
159 @cindex AVR register names
160 @cindex register names, AVR
162 The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0},
163 @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}.
164 Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address
165 register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address
166 pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in
167 Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit
168 @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers.
177 @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers
179 @cindex AVR modifiers
182 The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses
183 in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following:
186 modifier(relocatable-expression)
190 @cindex symbol modifiers
194 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
195 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
199 This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression
200 as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the
201 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier.
212 This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of
213 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
214 Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants.
218 Synonym of @samp{hh8}.
222 This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of
223 an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the
224 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8},
225 @samp{hhi8}, modifier.
230 ldi r26, lo8(285774925)
231 ldi r27, hi8(285774925)
232 ldi r28, hlo8(285774925)
233 ldi r29, hhi8(285774925)
234 ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925
239 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of
240 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
241 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
242 Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar
247 This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of
248 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
249 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
250 Flash/Program memory.
254 This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of
255 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression.
256 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from
257 Flash/Program memory.
264 @cindex AVR opcode summary
265 @cindex opcode summary, AVR
266 @cindex mnemonics, AVR
267 @cindex instruction summary, AVR
268 For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see
269 @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}.
271 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes.
272 The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments.
277 d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)}
278 v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)}
279 a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)}
280 w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)}
281 e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)}
282 b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)}
283 z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])}
284 M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255}
285 n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible}
286 s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7}
287 P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)}
288 p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)}
289 K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')}
290 i @r{immediate value}
291 l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63}
292 L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047}
293 h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)}
294 S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)}
295 ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry}
313 100101001SSS1000 bclr S
314 100101000SSS1000 bset S
315 1001010100001001 icall
316 1001010000001001 ijmp
317 1001010111001000 lpm ?
318 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z
319 1001010111011000 elpm ?
320 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z
323 1001010100011000 reti
324 1001010110001000 sleep
325 1001010110011000 break
328 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r
329 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r
330 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r
331 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r
332 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r
333 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r
334 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r
335 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r
336 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r
337 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r
338 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r
339 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r
340 001001rdddddrrrr clr r
341 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r
342 000111rdddddrrrr rol r
343 001000rdddddrrrr tst r
344 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M
345 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n
346 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M
347 11101111dddd1111 ser d
348 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M
349 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M
350 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M
351 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M
352 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M
353 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s
354 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s
355 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s
356 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s
357 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P
358 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r
359 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K
360 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K
361 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s
362 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s
363 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s
364 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s
365 111101lllllll000 brcc l
366 111100lllllll000 brcs l
367 111100lllllll001 breq l
368 111101lllllll100 brge l
369 111101lllllll101 brhc l
370 111100lllllll101 brhs l
371 111101lllllll111 brid l
372 111100lllllll111 brie l
373 111100lllllll000 brlo l
374 111100lllllll100 brlt l
375 111100lllllll010 brmi l
376 111101lllllll001 brne l
377 111101lllllll010 brpl l
378 111101lllllll000 brsh l
379 111101lllllll110 brtc l
380 111100lllllll110 brts l
381 111101lllllll011 brvc l
382 111100lllllll011 brvs l
383 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l
384 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l
385 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L
386 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L
387 1001010hhhhh111h call h
388 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h
389 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r
390 1001010rrrrr0000 com r
391 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r
392 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r
393 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r
394 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r
395 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r
396 1001001rrrrr1111 push r
397 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r
398 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r
399 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v
400 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d
401 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a
402 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a
403 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a
404 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a
405 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r
406 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i
407 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b
408 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e
409 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r
410 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r
411 1001010100011001 eicall
412 1001010000011001 eijmp