1 @c Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
3 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
7 @chapter SPARC Dependent Features
10 @node Machine Dependencies
11 @chapter SPARC Dependent Features
16 * Sparc-Opts:: Options
17 * Sparc-Aligned-Data:: Option to enforce aligned data
18 * Sparc-Float:: Floating Point
19 * Sparc-Directives:: Sparc Machine Directives
25 @cindex options for SPARC
27 @cindex architectures, SPARC
28 @cindex SPARC architectures
29 The SPARC chip family includes several successive levels, using the same
30 core instruction set, but including a few additional instructions at
31 each level. There are exceptions to this however. For details on what
32 instructions each variant supports, please see the chip's architecture
35 By default, @code{@value{AS}} assumes the core instruction set (SPARC
36 v6), but ``bumps'' the architecture level as needed: it switches to
37 successively higher architectures as it encounters instructions that
38 only exist in the higher levels.
40 If not configured for SPARC v9 (@code{sparc64-*-*}) GAS will not bump
41 passed sparclite by default, an option must be passed to enable the
44 GAS treats sparclite as being compatible with v8, unless an architecture
45 is explicitly requested. SPARC v9 is always incompatible with sparclite.
47 @c The order here is the same as the order of enum sparc_opcode_arch_val
48 @c to give the user a sense of the order of the "bumping".
58 @item -Av6 | -Av7 | -Av8 | -Asparclet | -Asparclite
59 @itemx -Av8plus | -Av8plusa | -Av9 | -Av9a
60 Use one of the @samp{-A} options to select one of the SPARC
61 architectures explicitly. If you select an architecture explicitly,
62 @code{@value{AS}} reports a fatal error if it encounters an instruction
63 or feature requiring an incompatible or higher level.
65 @samp{-Av8plus} and @samp{-Av8plusa} select a 32 bit environment.
67 @samp{-Av9} and @samp{-Av9a} select a 64 bit environment and are not
68 available unless GAS is explicitly configured with 64 bit environment
71 @samp{-Av8plusa} and @samp{-Av9a} enable the SPARC V9 instruction set with
72 UltraSPARC extensions.
74 @item -xarch=v8plus | -xarch=v8plusa
75 For compatibility with the Solaris v9 assembler. These options are
76 equivalent to -Av8plus and -Av8plusa, respectively.
79 Warn whenever it is necessary to switch to another level.
80 If an architecture level is explicitly requested, GAS will not issue
81 warnings until that level is reached, and will then bump the level
82 as required (except between incompatible levels).
85 Select the word size, either 32 bits or 64 bits.
86 These options are only available with the ELF object file format,
87 and require that the necessary BFD support has been included.
90 @node Sparc-Aligned-Data
91 @section Enforcing aligned data
93 @cindex data alignment on SPARC
94 @cindex SPARC data alignment
95 SPARC GAS normally permits data to be misaligned. For example, it
96 permits the @code{.long} pseudo-op to be used on a byte boundary.
97 However, the native SunOS and Solaris assemblers issue an error when
98 they see misaligned data.
100 @kindex --enforce-aligned-data
101 You can use the @code{--enforce-aligned-data} option to make SPARC GAS
102 also issue an error about misaligned data, just as the SunOS and Solaris
105 The @code{--enforce-aligned-data} option is not the default because gcc
106 issues misaligned data pseudo-ops when it initializes certain packed
107 data structures (structures defined using the @code{packed} attribute).
108 You may have to assemble with GAS in order to initialize packed data
109 structures in your own code.
112 @c FIXME: (sparc) Fill in "syntax" section!
114 I don't know anything about Sparc syntax. Someone who does
115 will have to write this section.
119 @section Floating Point
121 @cindex floating point, SPARC (@sc{ieee})
122 @cindex SPARC floating point (@sc{ieee})
123 The Sparc uses @sc{ieee} floating-point numbers.
125 @node Sparc-Directives
126 @section Sparc Machine Directives
128 @cindex SPARC machine directives
129 @cindex machine directives, SPARC
130 The Sparc version of @code{@value{AS}} supports the following additional
134 @cindex @code{align} directive, SPARC
136 This must be followed by the desired alignment in bytes.
138 @cindex @code{common} directive, SPARC
140 This must be followed by a symbol name, a positive number, and
141 @code{"bss"}. This behaves somewhat like @code{.comm}, but the
144 @cindex @code{half} directive, SPARC
146 This is functionally identical to @code{.short}.
148 @cindex @code{nword} directive, SPARC
150 On the Sparc, the @code{.nword} directive produces native word sized value,
151 ie. if assembling with -32 it is equivalent to @code{.word}, if assembling
152 with -64 it is equivalent to @code{.xword}.
154 @cindex @code{proc} directive, SPARC
156 This directive is ignored. Any text following it on the same
157 line is also ignored.
159 @cindex @code{register} directive, SPARC
161 This directive declares use of a global application or system register.
162 It must be followed by a register name %g2, %g3, %g6 or %g7, comma and
163 the symbol name for that register. If symbol name is @code{#scratch},
164 it is a scratch register, if it is @code{#ignore}, it just surpresses any
165 errors about using undeclared global register, but does not emit any
166 information about it into the object file. This can be useful e.g. if you
167 save the register before use and restore it after.
169 @cindex @code{reserve} directive, SPARC
171 This must be followed by a symbol name, a positive number, and
172 @code{"bss"}. This behaves somewhat like @code{.lcomm}, but the
175 @cindex @code{seg} directive, SPARC
177 This must be followed by @code{"text"}, @code{"data"}, or
178 @code{"data1"}. It behaves like @code{.text}, @code{.data}, or
181 @cindex @code{skip} directive, SPARC
183 This is functionally identical to the @code{.space} directive.
185 @cindex @code{word} directive, SPARC
187 On the Sparc, the @code{.word} directive produces 32 bit values,
188 instead of the 16 bit values it produces on many other machines.
190 @cindex @code{xword} directive, SPARC
192 On the Sparc V9 processor, the @code{.xword} directive produces