3 These are the GNU binutils. These are utilities of use when dealing
4 with binary files, either object files or executables. These tools
5 consist of the linker (ld), the assembler (gas), and the profiler
6 (gprof) each of which have their own sub-directory named after them.
7 There is also a collection of other binary tools, including the
8 disassembler (objdump) in this directory. These tools make use of a
9 pair of libraries (bfd and opcodes) and a common set of header files
12 There are README and NEWS files in most of the program sub-directories
13 which give more information about those specific programs.
16 Unpacking and Installation -- quick overview
17 ============================================
19 When you unpack the binutils archive file, you will get a directory
20 called something like `binutils-XXX', where XXX is the number of the
21 release. (Probably 2.13 or higher). This directory contains
22 various files and sub-directories. Most of the files in the top
23 directory are for information and for configuration. The actual
24 source code is in sub-directories.
26 To build binutils, you can just do:
31 make install # copies the programs files into /usr/local/bin
34 This will configure and build all the libraries as well as the
35 assembler, the binutils, and the linker.
37 If you have GNU make, we recommend building in a different directory:
41 ../binutils-XXX/configure [options]
45 This relies on the VPATH feature of GNU make.
47 By default, the binutils will be configured to support the system on
48 which they are built. When doing cross development, use the --target
49 configure option to specify a different target, eg:
51 ./configure --target=foo-elf
53 The --enable-targets option adds support for more binary file formats
54 besides the default. List them as the argument to --enable-targets,
55 separated by commas. For example:
57 ./configure --enable-targets=sun3,rs6000-aix,decstation
59 The name 'all' compiles in support for all valid BFD targets:
61 ./configure --enable-targets=all
63 On 32-bit hosts though, this support will be restricted to 32-bit
64 target unless the --enable-64-bit-bfd option is also used:
66 ./configure --enable-64-bit-bfd --enable-targets=all
68 You can also specify the --enable-shared option when you run
69 configure. This will build the BFD and opcodes libraries as shared
70 libraries. You can use arguments with the --enable-shared option to
71 indicate that only certain libraries should be built shared; for
72 example, --enable-shared=bfd. The only potential shared libraries in
73 a binutils release are bfd and opcodes.
75 The binutils will be linked against the shared libraries. The build
76 step will attempt to place the correct library in the run-time search
77 path for the binaries. However, in some cases, after you install the
78 binaries, you may have to set an environment variable, normally
79 LD_LIBRARY_PATH, so that the system can find the installed libbfd
82 To build under openVMS/AXP, see the file makefile.vms in the top level
86 Native Language Support
87 =======================
89 By default Native Language Support will be enabled for binutils. On
90 some systems however this support is not present and can lead to error
91 messages such as "undefined reference to `libintl_gettext'" when
92 building there tools. If that happens the NLS support can be disabled
93 by adding the --disable-nls switch to the configure line like this:
95 ../binutils-XXX/configure --disable-nls
101 If your system does not already have an 'ar' program, the normal
102 binutils build process will not work. In this case, run configure as
103 usual. Before running make, run this script:
106 MAKE_PROG="${MAKE-make}"
107 MAKE="${MAKE_PROG} AR=true LINK=true"
109 ${MAKE} $* all-libiberty
115 ${MAKE} $* ar_DEPENDENCIES= ar_LDADD='../bfd/*.o ../libiberty/*.o `if test -f ../intl/gettext.o; then echo '../intl/*.o'; fi`' ar
117 This script will build an ar program in binutils/ar. Move binutils/ar
118 into a directory on your PATH. After doing this, you can run make as
119 usual to build the complete binutils distribution. You do not need
120 the ranlib program in order to build the distribution.
125 Binutils-2.13 supports many different architectures, but there
126 are many more not supported, including some that were supported
127 by earlier versions. We are hoping for volunteers to improve this
130 The major effort in porting binutils to a new host and/or target
131 architecture involves the BFD library. There is some documentation
132 in ../bfd/doc. The file ../gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo (distributed
133 with gdb-5.x) may also be of help.
138 Send bug reports and patches to:
140 bug-binutils@gnu.org.
142 Always mention the version number you are running; this is printed by
143 running any of the binutils with the --version option. We appreciate
144 reports about bugs, but we do not promise to fix them.
149 This section was written by Klaus K"ampf <kkaempf@rmi.de>. It
150 describes how to build and install the binutils on openVMS (Alpha and
151 Vax). (The BFD library only supports reading Vax object files.)
153 Compiling the release:
155 To compile the gnu binary utilities and the gnu assembler, you'll
156 need DEC C or GNU C for openVMS/Alpha. You'll need *both* compilers
159 Compiling with either DEC C or GNU C works on openVMS/Alpha only. Some
160 of the opcodes and binutils files trap a bug in the DEC C optimizer,
161 so these files must be compiled with /noopt.
163 Compiling on openVMS/Vax is a bit complicated, as the bfd library traps
164 a bug in GNU C and the gnu assembler a bug in (my version of) DEC C.
166 I never tried compiling with VAX C.
169 You further need GNU Make Version 3.76 or later. This is available
170 at ftp.progis.de or any GNU archive site. The makefiles assume that
171 gmake starts gnu make as a foreign command.
173 If you're compiling with DEC C or VAX C, you must run
177 before starting gnu-make. This isn't needed with GNU C.
179 On the Alpha you can choose the compiler by editing the toplevel
180 makefile.vms. Either select CC=cc (for DEC C) or CC=gcc (for GNU C)
183 Installing the release
185 Provided that your directory setup conforms to the GNU on openVMS
186 standard, you already have a concealed device named 'GNU_ROOT'.
187 In this case, a simple
191 suffices to copy all programs and libraries to the proper directories.
193 Define the programs as foreign commands by adding these lines to your
196 $ gas :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]as.exe
197 $ size :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]size.exe
198 $ nm :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]nm.exe
199 $ objdump :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]objdump.exe
200 $ strings :== $GNU_ROOT:[bin]strings.exe
202 If you have a different directory setup, copy the binary utilities
203 ([.binutils]size.exe, [.binutils]nm.exe, [.binutils]objdump.exe,
204 and [.binutils]strings.exe) and the gnu assembler and preprocessor
205 ([.gas]as.exe and [.gas]gasp.exe]) to a directory of your choice
206 and define all programs as foreign commands.
209 If you're satisfied with the compilation, you may want to remove
210 unneeded objects and libraries:
215 If you have any problems or questions about the binutils on VMS, feel
216 free to mail me at kkaempf@rmi.de.