gas/ehopt.c

   1 /* ehopt.c--optimize gcc exception frame information.
   2    Copyright 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   3    Written by Ian Lance Taylor <ian@cygnus.com>.
   4
   5 This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
   6
   7 GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
  10 any later version.
  11
  12 GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  15 GNU General Public License for more details.
  16
  17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  18 along with GAS; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
  19 Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
  20 02110-1301, USA.  */
  21
  22 #include "as.h"
  23 #include "subsegs.h"
  24
  25 /* We include this ELF file, even though we may not be assembling for
  26    ELF, since the exception frame information is always in a format
  27    derived from DWARF.  */
  28
  29 #include "elf/dwarf2.h"
  30
  31 /* Try to optimize gcc 2.8 exception frame information.
  32
  33    Exception frame information is emitted for every function in the
  34    .eh_frame or .debug_frame sections.  Simple information for a function
  35    with no exceptions looks like this:
  36
  37 __FRAME_BEGIN__:
  38         .4byte  .LLCIE1 / Length of Common Information Entry
  39 .LSCIE1:
  40 #if .eh_frame
  41         .4byte  0x0     / CIE Identifier Tag
  42 #elif .debug_frame
  43         .4byte  0xffffffff / CIE Identifier Tag
  44 #endif
  45         .byte   0x1     / CIE Version
  46         .byte   0x0     / CIE Augmentation (none)
  47         .byte   0x1     / ULEB128 0x1 (CIE Code Alignment Factor)
  48         .byte   0x7c    / SLEB128 -4 (CIE Data Alignment Factor)
  49         .byte   0x8     / CIE RA Column
  50         .byte   0xc     / DW_CFA_def_cfa
  51         .byte   0x4     / ULEB128 0x4
  52         .byte   0x4     / ULEB128 0x4
  53         .byte   0x88    / DW_CFA_offset, column 0x8
  54         .byte   0x1     / ULEB128 0x1
  55         .align 4
  56 .LECIE1:
  57         .set    .LLCIE1,.LECIE1-.LSCIE1 / CIE Length Symbol
  58         .4byte  .LLFDE1 / FDE Length
  59 .LSFDE1:
  60         .4byte  .LSFDE1-__FRAME_BEGIN__ / FDE CIE offset
  61         .4byte  .LFB1   / FDE initial location
  62         .4byte  .LFE1-.LFB1     / FDE address range
  63         .byte   0x4     / DW_CFA_advance_loc4
  64         .4byte  .LCFI0-.LFB1
  65         .byte   0xe     / DW_CFA_def_cfa_offset
  66         .byte   0x8     / ULEB128 0x8
  67         .byte   0x85    / DW_CFA_offset, column 0x5
  68         .byte   0x2     / ULEB128 0x2
  69         .byte   0x4     / DW_CFA_advance_loc4
  70         .4byte  .LCFI1-.LCFI0
  71         .byte   0xd     / DW_CFA_def_cfa_register
  72         .byte   0x5     / ULEB128 0x5
  73         .byte   0x4     / DW_CFA_advance_loc4
  74         .4byte  .LCFI2-.LCFI1
  75         .byte   0x2e    / DW_CFA_GNU_args_size
  76         .byte   0x4     / ULEB128 0x4
  77         .byte   0x4     / DW_CFA_advance_loc4
  78         .4byte  .LCFI3-.LCFI2
  79         .byte   0x2e    / DW_CFA_GNU_args_size
  80         .byte   0x0     / ULEB128 0x0
  81         .align 4
  82 .LEFDE1:
  83         .set    .LLFDE1,.LEFDE1-.LSFDE1 / FDE Length Symbol
  84
  85    The immediate issue we can address in the assembler is the
  86    DW_CFA_advance_loc4 followed by a four byte value.  The value is
  87    the difference of two addresses in the function.  Since gcc does
  88    not know this value, it always uses four bytes.  We will know the
  89    value at the end of assembly, so we can do better.  */
  90
  91 struct cie_info
  92 {
  93   unsigned code_alignment;
  94   int z_augmentation;
  95 };
  96
  97 static int get_cie_info (struct cie_info *);
  98
  99 /* Extract information from the CIE.  */
 100
 101 static int
 102 get_cie_info (struct cie_info *info)
 103 {
 104   fragS *f;
 105   fixS *fix;
 106   int offset;
 107   char CIE_id;
 108   char augmentation[10];
 109   int iaug;
 110   int code_alignment = 0;
 111
 112   /* We should find the CIE at the start of the section.  */
 113
 114   f = seg_info (now_seg)->frchainP->frch_root;
 115   fix = seg_info (now_seg)->frchainP->fix_root;
 116
 117   /* Look through the frags of the section to find the code alignment.  */
 118
 119   /* First make sure that the CIE Identifier Tag is 0/-1.  */
 120
 121   if (strcmp (segment_name (now_seg), ".debug_frame") == 0)
 122     CIE_id = (char)0xff;
 123   else
 124     CIE_id = 0;
 125
 126   offset = 4;
 127   while (f != NULL && offset >= f->fr_fix)
 128     {
 129       offset -= f->fr_fix;
 130       f = f->fr_next;
 131     }
 132   if (f == NULL
 133       || f->fr_fix - offset < 4
 134       || f->fr_literal[offset] != CIE_id
 135       || f->fr_literal[offset + 1] != CIE_id
 136       || f->fr_literal[offset + 2] != CIE_id
 137       || f->fr_literal[offset + 3] != CIE_id)
 138     return 0;
 139
 140   /* Next make sure the CIE version number is 1.  */
 141
 142   offset += 4;
 143   while (f != NULL && offset >= f->fr_fix)
 144     {
 145       offset -= f->fr_fix;
 146       f = f->fr_next;
 147     }
 148   if (f == NULL
 149       || f->fr_fix - offset < 1
 150       || f->fr_literal[offset] != 1)
 151     return 0;
 152
 153   /* Skip the augmentation (a null terminated string).  */
 154
 155   iaug = 0;
 156   ++offset;
 157   while (1)
 158     {
 159       while (f != NULL && offset >= f->fr_fix)
 160         {
 161           offset -= f->fr_fix;
 162           f = f->fr_next;
 163         }
 164       if (f == NULL)
 165         return 0;
 166
 167       while (offset < f->fr_fix && f->fr_literal[offset] != '\0')
 168         {
 169           if ((size_t) iaug < (sizeof augmentation) - 1)
 170             {
 171               augmentation[iaug] = f->fr_literal[offset];
 172               ++iaug;
 173             }
 174           ++offset;
 175         }
 176       if (offset < f->fr_fix)
 177         break;
 178     }
 179   ++offset;
 180   while (f != NULL && offset >= f->fr_fix)
 181     {
 182       offset -= f->fr_fix;
 183       f = f->fr_next;
 184     }
 185   if (f == NULL)
 186     return 0;
 187
 188   augmentation[iaug] = '\0';
 189   if (augmentation[0] == '\0')
 190     {
 191       /* No augmentation.  */
 192     }
 193   else if (strcmp (augmentation, "eh") == 0)
 194     {
 195       /* We have to skip a pointer.  Unfortunately, we don't know how
 196          large it is.  We find out by looking for a matching fixup.  */
 197       while (fix != NULL
 198              && (fix->fx_frag != f || fix->fx_where != offset))
 199         fix = fix->fx_next;
 200       if (fix == NULL)
 201         offset += 4;
 202       else
 203         offset += fix->fx_size;
 204       while (f != NULL && offset >= f->fr_fix)
 205         {
 206           offset -= f->fr_fix;
 207           f = f->fr_next;
 208         }
 209       if (f == NULL)
 210         return 0;
 211     }
 212   else if (augmentation[0] != 'z')
 213     return 0;
 214
 215   /* We're now at the code alignment factor, which is a ULEB128.  If
 216      it isn't a single byte, forget it.  */
 217
 218   code_alignment = f->fr_literal[offset] & 0xff;
 219   if ((code_alignment & 0x80) != 0)
 220     code_alignment = 0;
 221
 222   info->code_alignment = code_alignment;
 223   info->z_augmentation = (augmentation[0] == 'z');
 224
 225   return 1;
 226 }
 227
 228 /* This function is called from emit_expr.  It looks for cases which
 229    we can optimize.
 230
 231    Rather than try to parse all this information as we read it, we
 232    look for a single byte DW_CFA_advance_loc4 followed by a 4 byte
 233    difference.  We turn that into a rs_cfa_advance frag, and handle
 234    those frags at the end of the assembly.  If the gcc output changes
 235    somewhat, this optimization may stop working.
 236
 237    This function returns non-zero if it handled the expression and
 238    emit_expr should not do anything, or zero otherwise.  It can also
 239    change *EXP and *PNBYTES.  */
 240
 241 int
 242 check_eh_frame (expressionS *exp, unsigned int *pnbytes)
 243 {
 244   struct frame_data
 245   {
 246     enum frame_state
 247     {
 248       state_idle,
 249       state_saw_size,
 250       state_saw_cie_offset,
 251       state_saw_pc_begin,
 252       state_seeing_aug_size,
 253       state_skipping_aug,
 254       state_wait_loc4,
 255       state_saw_loc4,
 256       state_error,
 257     } state;
 258
 259     int cie_info_ok;
 260     struct cie_info cie_info;
 261
 262     symbolS *size_end_sym;
 263     fragS *loc4_frag;
 264     int loc4_fix;
 265
 266     int aug_size;
 267     int aug_shift;
 268   };
 269
 270   static struct frame_data eh_frame_data;
 271   static struct frame_data debug_frame_data;
 272   struct frame_data *d;
 273
 274   /* Don't optimize.  */
 275   if (flag_traditional_format)
 276     return 0;
 277
 278   /* Select the proper section data.  */
 279   if (strcmp (segment_name (now_seg), ".eh_frame") == 0)
 280     d = &eh_frame_data;
 281   else if (strcmp (segment_name (now_seg), ".debug_frame") == 0)
 282     d = &debug_frame_data;
 283   else
 284     return 0;
 285
 286   if (d->state >= state_saw_size && S_IS_DEFINED (d->size_end_sym))
 287     {
 288       /* We have come to the end of the CIE or FDE.  See below where
 289          we set saw_size.  We must check this first because we may now
 290          be looking at the next size.  */
 291       d->state = state_idle;
 292     }
 293
 294   switch (d->state)
 295     {
 296     case state_idle:
 297       if (*pnbytes == 4)
 298         {
 299           /* This might be the size of the CIE or FDE.  We want to know
 300              the size so that we don't accidentally optimize across an FDE
 301              boundary.  We recognize the size in one of two forms: a
 302              symbol which will later be defined as a difference, or a
 303              subtraction of two symbols.  Either way, we can tell when we
 304              are at the end of the FDE because the symbol becomes defined
 305              (in the case of a subtraction, the end symbol, from which the
 306              start symbol is being subtracted).  Other ways of describing
 307              the size will not be optimized.  */
 308           if ((exp->X_op == O_symbol || exp->X_op == O_subtract)
 309               && ! S_IS_DEFINED (exp->X_add_symbol))
 310             {
 311               d->state = state_saw_size;
 312               d->size_end_sym = exp->X_add_symbol;
 313             }
 314         }
 315       break;
 316
 317     case state_saw_size:
 318     case state_saw_cie_offset:
 319       /* Assume whatever form it appears in, it appears atomically.  */
 320       d->state += 1;
 321       break;
 322
 323     case state_saw_pc_begin:
 324       /* Decide whether we should see an augmentation.  */
 325       if (! d->cie_info_ok
 326           && ! (d->cie_info_ok = get_cie_info (&d->cie_info)))
 327         d->state = state_error;
 328       else if (d->cie_info.z_augmentation)
 329         {
 330           d->state = state_seeing_aug_size;
 331           d->aug_size = 0;
 332           d->aug_shift = 0;
 333         }
 334       else
 335         d->state = state_wait_loc4;
 336       break;
 337
 338     case state_seeing_aug_size:
 339       /* Bytes == -1 means this comes from an leb128 directive.  */
 340       if ((int)*pnbytes == -1 && exp->X_op == O_constant)
 341         {
 342           d->aug_size = exp->X_add_number;
 343           d->state = state_skipping_aug;
 344         }
 345       else if (*pnbytes == 1 && exp->X_op == O_constant)
 346         {
 347           unsigned char byte = exp->X_add_number;
 348           d->aug_size |= (byte & 0x7f) << d->aug_shift;
 349           d->aug_shift += 7;
 350           if ((byte & 0x80) == 0)
 351             d->state = state_skipping_aug;
 352         }
 353       else
 354         d->state = state_error;
 355       if (d->state == state_skipping_aug && d->aug_size == 0)
 356         d->state = state_wait_loc4;
 357       break;
 358
 359     case state_skipping_aug:
 360       if ((int)*pnbytes < 0)
 361         d->state = state_error;
 362       else
 363         {
 364           int left = (d->aug_size -= *pnbytes);
 365           if (left == 0)
 366             d->state = state_wait_loc4;
 367           else if (left < 0)
 368             d->state = state_error;
 369         }
 370       break;
 371
 372     case state_wait_loc4:
 373       if (*pnbytes == 1
 374           && exp->X_op == O_constant
 375           && exp->X_add_number == DW_CFA_advance_loc4)
 376         {
 377           /* This might be a DW_CFA_advance_loc4.  Record the frag and the
 378              position within the frag, so that we can change it later.  */
 379           frag_grow (1);
 380           d->state = state_saw_loc4;
 381           d->loc4_frag = frag_now;
 382           d->loc4_fix = frag_now_fix ();
 383         }
 384       break;
 385
 386     case state_saw_loc4:
 387       d->state = state_wait_loc4;
 388       if (*pnbytes != 4)
 389         break;
 390       if (exp->X_op == O_constant)
 391         {
 392           /* This is a case which we can optimize.  The two symbols being
 393              subtracted were in the same frag and the expression was
 394              reduced to a constant.  We can do the optimization entirely
 395              in this function.  */
 396           if (d->cie_info.code_alignment > 0
 397               && exp->X_add_number % d->cie_info.code_alignment == 0
 398               && exp->X_add_number / d->cie_info.code_alignment < 0x40)
 399             {
 400               d->loc4_frag->fr_literal[d->loc4_fix]
 401                 = DW_CFA_advance_loc
 402                   | (exp->X_add_number / d->cie_info.code_alignment);
 403               /* No more bytes needed.  */
 404               return 1;
 405             }
 406           else if (exp->X_add_number < 0x100)
 407             {
 408               d->loc4_frag->fr_literal[d->loc4_fix] = DW_CFA_advance_loc1;
 409               *pnbytes = 1;
 410             }
 411           else if (exp->X_add_number < 0x10000)
 412             {
 413               d->loc4_frag->fr_literal[d->loc4_fix] = DW_CFA_advance_loc2;
 414               *pnbytes = 2;
 415             }
 416         }
 417       else if (exp->X_op == O_subtract)
 418         {
 419           /* This is a case we can optimize.  The expression was not
 420              reduced, so we can not finish the optimization until the end
 421              of the assembly.  We set up a variant frag which we handle
 422              later.  */
 423           int fr_subtype;
 424
 425           if (d->cie_info.code_alignment > 0)
 426             fr_subtype = d->cie_info.code_alignment << 3;
 427           else
 428             fr_subtype = 0;
 429
 430           frag_var (rs_cfa, 4, 0, fr_subtype, make_expr_symbol (exp),
 431                     d->loc4_fix, (char *) d->loc4_frag);
 432           return 1;
 433         }
 434       break;
 435
 436     case state_error:
 437       /* Just skipping everything.  */
 438       break;
 439     }
 440
 441   return 0;
 442 }
 443
 444 /* The function estimates the size of a rs_cfa variant frag based on
 445    the current values of the symbols.  It is called before the
 446    relaxation loop.  We set fr_subtype{0:2} to the expected length.  */
 447
 448 int
 449 eh_frame_estimate_size_before_relax (fragS *frag)
 450 {
 451   offsetT diff;
 452   int ca = frag->fr_subtype >> 3;
 453   int ret;
 454
 455   diff = resolve_symbol_value (frag->fr_symbol);
 456
 457   if (ca > 0 && diff % ca == 0 && diff / ca < 0x40)
 458     ret = 0;
 459   else if (diff < 0x100)
 460     ret = 1;
 461   else if (diff < 0x10000)
 462     ret = 2;
 463   else
 464     ret = 4;
 465
 466   frag->fr_subtype = (frag->fr_subtype & ~7) | ret;
 467
 468   return ret;
 469 }
 470
 471 /* This function relaxes a rs_cfa variant frag based on the current
 472    values of the symbols.  fr_subtype{0:2} is the current length of
 473    the frag.  This returns the change in frag length.  */
 474
 475 int
 476 eh_frame_relax_frag (fragS *frag)
 477 {
 478   int oldsize, newsize;
 479
 480   oldsize = frag->fr_subtype & 7;
 481   newsize = eh_frame_estimate_size_before_relax (frag);
 482   return newsize - oldsize;
 483 }
 484
 485 /* This function converts a rs_cfa variant frag into a normal fill
 486    frag.  This is called after all relaxation has been done.
 487    fr_subtype{0:2} will be the desired length of the frag.  */
 488
 489 void
 490 eh_frame_convert_frag (fragS *frag)
 491 {
 492   offsetT diff;
 493   fragS *loc4_frag;
 494   int loc4_fix;
 495
 496   loc4_frag = (fragS *) frag->fr_opcode;
 497   loc4_fix = (int) frag->fr_offset;
 498
 499   diff = resolve_symbol_value (frag->fr_symbol);
 500
 501   switch (frag->fr_subtype & 7)
 502     {
 503     case 0:
 504       {
 505         int ca = frag->fr_subtype >> 3;
 506         assert (ca > 0 && diff % ca == 0 && diff / ca < 0x40);
 507         loc4_frag->fr_literal[loc4_fix] = DW_CFA_advance_loc | (diff / ca);
 508       }
 509       break;
 510
 511     case 1:
 512       assert (diff < 0x100);
 513       loc4_frag->fr_literal[loc4_fix] = DW_CFA_advance_loc1;
 514       frag->fr_literal[frag->fr_fix] = diff;
 515       break;
 516
 517     case 2:
 518       assert (diff < 0x10000);
 519       loc4_frag->fr_literal[loc4_fix] = DW_CFA_advance_loc2;
 520       md_number_to_chars (frag->fr_literal + frag->fr_fix, diff, 2);
 521       break;
 522
 523     default:
 524       md_number_to_chars (frag->fr_literal + frag->fr_fix, diff, 4);
 525       break;
 526     }
 527
 528   frag->fr_fix += frag->fr_subtype & 7;
 529   frag->fr_type = rs_fill;
 530   frag->fr_subtype = 0;
 531   frag->fr_offset = 0;
 532 }