ld/ldwrite.c

   1 /* ldwrite.c -- write out the linked file
   2    Copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2002,
   3    2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   4    Written by Steve Chamberlain sac@cygnus.com
   5
   6 This file is part of GLD, the Gnu Linker.
   7
   8 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   9 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11 (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  14 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  16 GNU General Public License for more details.
  17
  18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  20 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
  21
  22 #include "bfd.h"
  23 #include "sysdep.h"
  24 #include "bfdlink.h"
  25 #include "libiberty.h"
  26 #include "safe-ctype.h"
  27
  28 #include "ld.h"
  29 #include "ldexp.h"
  30 #include "ldlang.h"
  31 #include "ldwrite.h"
  32 #include "ldmisc.h"
  33 #include <ldgram.h>
  34 #include "ldmain.h"
  35
  36 /* Build link_order structures for the BFD linker.  */
  37
  38 static void
  39 build_link_order (lang_statement_union_type *statement)
  40 {
  41   switch (statement->header.type)
  42     {
  43     case lang_data_statement_enum:
  44       {
  45         asection *output_section;
  46         struct bfd_link_order *link_order;
  47         bfd_vma value;
  48         bfd_boolean big_endian = FALSE;
  49
  50         output_section = statement->data_statement.output_section;
  51         ASSERT (output_section->owner == output_bfd);
  52
  53         link_order = bfd_new_link_order (output_bfd, output_section);
  54         if (link_order == NULL)
  55           einfo (_("%P%F: bfd_new_link_order failed\n"));
  56
  57         link_order->type = bfd_data_link_order;
  58         link_order->offset = statement->data_statement.output_vma;
  59         link_order->u.data.contents = xmalloc (QUAD_SIZE);
  60
  61         value = statement->data_statement.value;
  62
  63         /* If the endianness of the output BFD is not known, then we
  64            base the endianness of the data on the first input file.
  65            By convention, the bfd_put routines for an unknown
  66            endianness are big endian, so we must swap here if the
  67            input file is little endian.  */
  68         if (bfd_big_endian (output_bfd))
  69           big_endian = TRUE;
  70         else if (bfd_little_endian (output_bfd))
  71           big_endian = FALSE;
  72         else
  73           {
  74             bfd_boolean swap;
  75
  76             swap = FALSE;
  77             if (command_line.endian == ENDIAN_BIG)
  78               big_endian = TRUE;
  79             else if (command_line.endian == ENDIAN_LITTLE)
  80               {
  81                 big_endian = FALSE;
  82                 swap = TRUE;
  83               }
  84             else if (command_line.endian == ENDIAN_UNSET)
  85               {
  86                 big_endian = TRUE;
  87                 {
  88                   LANG_FOR_EACH_INPUT_STATEMENT (s)
  89                     {
  90                       if (s->the_bfd != NULL)
  91                         {
  92                           if (bfd_little_endian (s->the_bfd))
  93                             {
  94                               big_endian = FALSE;
  95                               swap = TRUE;
  96                             }
  97                           break;
  98                         }
  99                     }
 100                 }
 101               }
 102
 103             if (swap)
 104               {
 105                 bfd_byte buffer[8];
 106
 107                 switch (statement->data_statement.type)
 108                   {
 109                   case QUAD:
 110                   case SQUAD:
 111                     if (sizeof (bfd_vma) >= QUAD_SIZE)
 112                       {
 113                         bfd_putl64 (value, buffer);
 114                         value = bfd_getb64 (buffer);
 115                         break;
 116                       }
 117                     /* Fall through.  */
 118                   case LONG:
 119                     bfd_putl32 (value, buffer);
 120                     value = bfd_getb32 (buffer);
 121                     break;
 122                   case SHORT:
 123                     bfd_putl16 (value, buffer);
 124                     value = bfd_getb16 (buffer);
 125                     break;
 126                   case BYTE:
 127                     break;
 128                   default:
 129                     abort ();
 130                   }
 131               }
 132           }
 133
 134         ASSERT (output_section->owner == output_bfd);
 135         switch (statement->data_statement.type)
 136           {
 137           case QUAD:
 138           case SQUAD:
 139             if (sizeof (bfd_vma) >= QUAD_SIZE)
 140               bfd_put_64 (output_bfd, value, link_order->u.data.contents);
 141             else
 142               {
 143                 bfd_vma high;
 144
 145                 if (statement->data_statement.type == QUAD)
 146                   high = 0;
 147                 else if ((value & 0x80000000) == 0)
 148                   high = 0;
 149                 else
 150                   high = (bfd_vma) -1;
 151                 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, high,
 152                             (link_order->u.data.contents
 153                              + (big_endian ? 0 : 4)));
 154                 bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, value,
 155                             (link_order->u.data.contents
 156                              + (big_endian ? 4 : 0)));
 157               }
 158             link_order->size = QUAD_SIZE;
 159             break;
 160           case LONG:
 161             bfd_put_32 (output_bfd, value, link_order->u.data.contents);
 162             link_order->size = LONG_SIZE;
 163             break;
 164           case SHORT:
 165             bfd_put_16 (output_bfd, value, link_order->u.data.contents);
 166             link_order->size = SHORT_SIZE;
 167             break;
 168           case BYTE:
 169             bfd_put_8 (output_bfd, value, link_order->u.data.contents);
 170             link_order->size = BYTE_SIZE;
 171             break;
 172           default:
 173             abort ();
 174           }
 175       }
 176       break;
 177
 178     case lang_reloc_statement_enum:
 179       {
 180         lang_reloc_statement_type *rs;
 181         asection *output_section;
 182         struct bfd_link_order *link_order;
 183
 184         rs = &statement->reloc_statement;
 185
 186         output_section = rs->output_section;
 187         ASSERT (output_section->owner == output_bfd);
 188
 189         link_order = bfd_new_link_order (output_bfd, output_section);
 190         if (link_order == NULL)
 191           einfo (_("%P%F: bfd_new_link_order failed\n"));
 192
 193         link_order->offset = rs->output_vma;
 194         link_order->size = bfd_get_reloc_size (rs->howto);
 195
 196         link_order->u.reloc.p = xmalloc (sizeof (struct bfd_link_order_reloc));
 197
 198         link_order->u.reloc.p->reloc = rs->reloc;
 199         link_order->u.reloc.p->addend = rs->addend_value;
 200
 201         if (rs->name == NULL)
 202           {
 203             link_order->type = bfd_section_reloc_link_order;
 204             if (rs->section->owner == output_bfd)
 205               link_order->u.reloc.p->u.section = rs->section;
 206             else
 207               {
 208                 link_order->u.reloc.p->u.section = rs->section->output_section;
 209                 link_order->u.reloc.p->addend += rs->section->output_offset;
 210               }
 211           }
 212         else
 213           {
 214             link_order->type = bfd_symbol_reloc_link_order;
 215             link_order->u.reloc.p->u.name = rs->name;
 216           }
 217       }
 218       break;
 219
 220     case lang_input_section_enum:
 221       /* Create a new link_order in the output section with this
 222          attached */
 223       if (!statement->input_section.ifile->just_syms_flag
 224           && (statement->input_section.section->flags & SEC_EXCLUDE) == 0)
 225         {
 226           asection *i = statement->input_section.section;
 227           asection *output_section = i->output_section;
 228
 229           ASSERT (output_section->owner == output_bfd);
 230
 231           if ((output_section->flags & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS) != 0
 232               || ((output_section->flags & SEC_LOAD) != 0
 233                   && (output_section->flags & SEC_THREAD_LOCAL)))
 234             {
 235               struct bfd_link_order *link_order;
 236
 237               link_order = bfd_new_link_order (output_bfd, output_section);
 238
 239               if (i->flags & SEC_NEVER_LOAD)
 240                 {
 241                   /* We've got a never load section inside one which
 242                      is going to be output, we'll change it into a
 243                      fill.  */
 244                   link_order->type = bfd_data_link_order;
 245                   link_order->u.data.contents = (unsigned char *) "";
 246                   link_order->u.data.size = 1;
 247                 }
 248               else
 249                 {
 250                   link_order->type = bfd_indirect_link_order;
 251                   link_order->u.indirect.section = i;
 252                   ASSERT (i->output_section == output_section);
 253                 }
 254               link_order->size = i->size;
 255               link_order->offset = i->output_offset;
 256             }
 257         }
 258       break;
 259
 260     case lang_padding_statement_enum:
 261       /* Make a new link_order with the right filler */
 262       {
 263         asection *output_section;
 264         struct bfd_link_order *link_order;
 265
 266         output_section = statement->padding_statement.output_section;
 267         ASSERT (statement->padding_statement.output_section->owner
 268                 == output_bfd);
 269         if ((output_section->flags & SEC_HAS_CONTENTS) != 0)
 270           {
 271             link_order = bfd_new_link_order (output_bfd, output_section);
 272             link_order->type = bfd_data_link_order;
 273             link_order->size = statement->padding_statement.size;
 274             link_order->offset = statement->padding_statement.output_offset;
 275             link_order->u.data.contents = statement->padding_statement.fill->data;
 276             link_order->u.data.size = statement->padding_statement.fill->size;
 277           }
 278       }
 279       break;
 280
 281     default:
 282       /* All the other ones fall through */
 283       break;
 284     }
 285 }
 286
 287 /* Return true if NAME is the name of an unsplittable section. These
 288    are the stabs strings, dwarf strings.  */
 289
 290 static bfd_boolean
 291 unsplittable_name (const char *name)
 292 {
 293   if (strncmp (name, ".stab", 5) == 0)
 294     {
 295       /* There are several stab like string sections. We pattern match on
 296          ".stab...str"  */
 297       unsigned len = strlen (name);
 298       if (strcmp (&name[len-3], "str") == 0)
 299         return TRUE;
 300     }
 301   else if (strcmp (name, "$GDB_STRINGS$") == 0)
 302     return TRUE;
 303   return FALSE;
 304 }
 305
 306 /* Wander around the input sections, make sure that
 307    we'll never try and create an output section with more relocs
 308    than will fit.. Do this by always assuming the worst case, and
 309    creating new output sections with all the right bits.  */
 310 #define TESTIT 1
 311 static asection *
 312 clone_section (bfd *abfd, asection *s, const char *name, int *count)
 313 {
 314   char *tname;
 315   char *sname;
 316   unsigned int len;
 317   asection *n;
 318   struct bfd_link_hash_entry *h;
 319
 320   /* Invent a section name from the section name and a dotted numeric
 321      suffix.   */
 322   len = strlen (name);
 323   tname = xmalloc (len + 1);
 324   memcpy (tname, name, len + 1);
 325   /* Remove a dotted number suffix, from a previous split link. */
 326   while (len && ISDIGIT (tname[len-1]))
 327     len--;
 328   if (len > 1 && tname[len-1] == '.')
 329     /* It was a dotted number. */
 330     tname[len-1] = 0;
 331
 332   /* We want to use the whole of the original section name for the
 333      split name, but coff can be restricted to 8 character names.  */
 334   if (bfd_family_coff (abfd) && strlen (tname) > 5)
 335     {
 336       /* Some section names cannot be truncated, as the name is
 337          used to locate some other section.  */
 338       if (strncmp (name, ".stab", 5) == 0
 339           || strcmp (name, "$GDB_SYMBOLS$") == 0)
 340         {
 341           einfo (_ ("%F%P: cannot create split section name for %s\n"), name);
 342           /* Silence gcc warnings.  einfo exits, so we never reach here.  */
 343           return NULL;
 344         }
 345       tname[5] = 0;
 346     }
 347
 348   if ((sname = bfd_get_unique_section_name (abfd, tname, count)) == NULL
 349       || (n = bfd_make_section_anyway (abfd, sname)) == NULL
 350       || (h = bfd_link_hash_lookup (link_info.hash,
 351                                     sname, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE)) == NULL)
 352     {
 353       einfo (_("%F%P: clone section failed: %E\n"));
 354       /* Silence gcc warnings.  einfo exits, so we never reach here.  */
 355       return NULL;
 356     }
 357   free (tname);
 358
 359   /* Set up section symbol.  */
 360   h->type = bfd_link_hash_defined;
 361   h->u.def.value = 0;
 362   h->u.def.section = n;
 363
 364   n->flags = s->flags;
 365   n->vma = s->vma;
 366   n->user_set_vma = s->user_set_vma;
 367   n->lma = s->lma;
 368   n->size = 0;
 369   n->output_offset = s->output_offset;
 370   n->output_section = n;
 371   n->orelocation = 0;
 372   n->reloc_count = 0;
 373   n->alignment_power = s->alignment_power;
 374   return n;
 375 }
 376
 377 #if TESTING
 378 static void
 379 ds (asection *s)
 380 {
 381   struct bfd_link_order *l = s->map_head.link_order;
 382   printf ("vma %x size %x\n", s->vma, s->size);
 383   while (l)
 384     {
 385       if (l->type == bfd_indirect_link_order)
 386         {
 387           printf ("%8x %s\n", l->offset, l->u.indirect.section->owner->filename);
 388         }
 389       else
 390         {
 391           printf (_("%8x something else\n"), l->offset);
 392         }
 393       l = l->next;
 394     }
 395   printf ("\n");
 396 }
 397
 398 dump (char *s, asection *a1, asection *a2)
 399 {
 400   printf ("%s\n", s);
 401   ds (a1);
 402   ds (a2);
 403 }
 404
 405 static void
 406 sanity_check (bfd *abfd)
 407 {
 408   asection *s;
 409   for (s = abfd->sections; s; s = s->next)
 410     {
 411       struct bfd_link_order *p;
 412       bfd_vma prev = 0;
 413       for (p = s->map_head.link_order; p; p = p->next)
 414         {
 415           if (p->offset > 100000)
 416             abort ();
 417           if (p->offset < prev)
 418             abort ();
 419           prev = p->offset;
 420         }
 421     }
 422 }
 423 #else
 424 #define sanity_check(a)
 425 #define dump(a, b, c)
 426 #endif
 427
 428 static void
 429 split_sections (bfd *abfd, struct bfd_link_info *info)
 430 {
 431   asection *original_sec;
 432   int nsecs = abfd->section_count;
 433   sanity_check (abfd);
 434   /* Look through all the original sections.  */
 435   for (original_sec = abfd->sections;
 436        original_sec && nsecs;
 437        original_sec = original_sec->next, nsecs--)
 438     {
 439       int count = 0;
 440       unsigned int lines = 0;
 441       unsigned int relocs = 0;
 442       bfd_size_type sec_size = 0;
 443       struct bfd_link_order *l;
 444       struct bfd_link_order *p;
 445       bfd_vma vma = original_sec->vma;
 446       asection *cursor = original_sec;
 447
 448       /* Count up the relocations and line entries to see if anything
 449          would be too big to fit.  Accumulate section size too.  */
 450       for (l = NULL, p = cursor->map_head.link_order; p != NULL; p = l->next)
 451         {
 452           unsigned int thislines = 0;
 453           unsigned int thisrelocs = 0;
 454           bfd_size_type thissize = 0;
 455           if (p->type == bfd_indirect_link_order)
 456             {
 457               asection *sec;
 458
 459               sec = p->u.indirect.section;
 460
 461               if (info->strip == strip_none
 462                   || info->strip == strip_some)
 463                 thislines = sec->lineno_count;
 464
 465               if (info->relocatable)
 466                 thisrelocs = sec->reloc_count;
 467
 468               thissize = sec->size;
 469
 470             }
 471           else if (info->relocatable
 472                    && (p->type == bfd_section_reloc_link_order
 473                        || p->type == bfd_symbol_reloc_link_order))
 474             thisrelocs++;
 475
 476           if (l != NULL
 477               && (thisrelocs + relocs >= config.split_by_reloc
 478                   || thislines + lines >= config.split_by_reloc
 479                   || (thissize + sec_size >= config.split_by_file))
 480               && !unsplittable_name (cursor->name))
 481             {
 482               /* Create a new section and put this link order and the
 483                  following link orders into it.  */
 484               bfd_vma shift_offset;
 485               asection *n;
 486
 487               n = clone_section (abfd, cursor, original_sec->name, &count);
 488
 489               /* Attach the link orders to the new section and snip
 490                  them off from the old section.  */
 491               n->map_head.link_order = p;
 492               n->map_tail.link_order = cursor->map_tail.link_order;
 493               cursor->map_tail.link_order = l;
 494               l->next = NULL;
 495               l = p;
 496
 497               /* Change the size of the original section and
 498                  update the vma of the new one.  */
 499
 500               dump ("before snip", cursor, n);
 501
 502               shift_offset = p->offset;
 503               n->size = cursor->size - shift_offset;
 504               cursor->size = shift_offset;
 505
 506               vma += shift_offset;
 507               n->lma = n->vma = vma;
 508
 509               /* Run down the chain and change the output section to
 510                  the right one, update the offsets too.  */
 511               do
 512                 {
 513                   p->offset -= shift_offset;
 514                   if (p->type == bfd_indirect_link_order)
 515                     {
 516                       p->u.indirect.section->output_section = n;
 517                       p->u.indirect.section->output_offset = p->offset;
 518                     }
 519                   p = p->next;
 520                 }
 521               while (p);
 522
 523               dump ("after snip", cursor, n);
 524               cursor = n;
 525               relocs = thisrelocs;
 526               lines = thislines;
 527               sec_size = thissize;
 528             }
 529           else
 530             {
 531               l = p;
 532               relocs += thisrelocs;
 533               lines += thislines;
 534               sec_size += thissize;
 535             }
 536         }
 537     }
 538   sanity_check (abfd);
 539 }
 540
 541 /* Call BFD to write out the linked file.  */
 542
 543 void
 544 ldwrite (void)
 545 {
 546   /* Reset error indicator, which can typically something like invalid
 547      format from opening up the .o files.  */
 548   bfd_set_error (bfd_error_no_error);
 549   lang_for_each_statement (build_link_order);
 550
 551   if (config.split_by_reloc != (unsigned) -1
 552       || config.split_by_file != (bfd_size_type) -1)
 553     split_sections (output_bfd, &link_info);
 554   if (!bfd_final_link (output_bfd, &link_info))
 555     {
 556       /* If there was an error recorded, print it out.  Otherwise assume
 557          an appropriate error message like unknown symbol was printed
 558          out.  */
 559
 560       if (bfd_get_error () != bfd_error_no_error)
 561         einfo (_("%F%P: final link failed: %E\n"));
 562       else
 563         xexit (1);
 564     }
 565 }