1 #-----------------------------------------------------------------
3 # BioPerl module Bio::Search::Hit::HitI
5 # Please direct questions and support issues to <bioperl-l@bioperl.org>
7 # Cared for by Steve Chervitz <sac@bioperl.org>
9 # Originally created by Aaron Mackey <amackey@virginia.edu>
11 # You may distribute this module under the same terms as perl itself
12 #-----------------------------------------------------------------
14 # POD documentation - main docs before the code
18 Bio::Search::Hit::HitI - Interface for a hit in a similarity search result
22 # Bio::Search::Hit::HitI objects should not be instantiated since this
23 # module defines a pure interface.
25 # Given an object that implements the Bio::Search::Hit::HitI interface,
26 # you can do the following things with it:
28 # Get a HitI object from a SearchIO stream:
30 my $searchio = Bio::SearchIO->new(-format => 'blast', -file => 'result.bls');
31 my $result = $searchio->next_result;
32 my $hit = $result->next_hit;
34 $hit_name = $hit->name();
36 $desc = $hit->description();
40 $alg = $hit->algorithm();
42 $score = $hit->raw_score();
44 $significance = $hit->significance();
46 $rank = $hit->rank(); # the Nth hit for a specific query
48 while( $hsp = $obj->next_hsp()) { ... } # process in iterator fashion
50 for my $hsp ( $obj->hsps()()) { ... } # process in list fashion
54 Bio::Search::Hit::* objects are data structures that contain information
55 about specific hits obtained during a library search. Some information will
56 be algorithm-specific, but others will be generally defined.
62 User feedback is an integral part of the evolution of this and other
63 Bioperl modules. Send your comments and suggestions preferably to one
64 of the Bioperl mailing lists. Your participation is much appreciated.
66 bioperl-l@bioperl.org - General discussion
67 http://bioperl.org/wiki/Mailing_lists - About the mailing lists
71 Please direct usage questions or support issues to the mailing list:
73 I<bioperl-l@bioperl.org>
75 rather than to the module maintainer directly. Many experienced and
76 reponsive experts will be able look at the problem and quickly
77 address it. Please include a thorough description of the problem
78 with code and data examples if at all possible.
82 Report bugs to the Bioperl bug tracking system to help us keep track
83 the bugs and their resolution. Bug reports can be submitted via the
86 https://github.com/bioperl/bioperl-live/issues
88 =head1 AUTHOR - Aaron Mackey, Steve Chervitz
90 Email amackey@virginia.edu (original author)
95 Copyright (c) 1999-2001 Aaron Mackey, Steve Chervitz. All Rights Reserved.
99 This software is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind.
103 The rest of the documentation details each of the object
104 methods. Internal methods are usually preceded with a _
108 # Let the code begin...
110 package Bio
::Search
::Hit
::HitI
;
115 use base
qw(Bio::Root::RootI);
121 Usage : $hit_name = $hit->name();
122 Function: returns the name of the Hit sequence
123 Returns : a scalar string
126 The B<name> of a hit is unique within a Result or within an Iteration.
131 my ($self,@args) = @_;
132 $self->throw_not_implemented;
138 Usage : $desc = $hit->description();
139 Function: Retrieve the description for the hit
140 Returns : a scalar string
146 my ($self,@args) = @_;
147 $self->throw_not_implemented;
154 Usage : $acc = $hit->accession();
155 Function: Retrieve the accession (if available) for the hit
156 Returns : a scalar string (empty string if not set)
162 my ($self,@args) = @_;
163 $self->throw_not_implemented;
169 Usage : $acc = $hit->locus();
170 Function: Retrieve the locus(if available) for the hit
171 Returns : a scalar string (empty string if not set)
177 my ($self,@args) = @_;
178 $self->throw_not_implemented;
184 Usage : my $len = $hit->length
185 Function: Returns the length of the hit
192 my ($self,@args) = @_;
193 $self->throw_not_implemented;
200 Usage : $alg = $hit->algorithm();
201 Function: Gets the algorithm specification that was used to obtain the hit
202 For BLAST, the algorithm denotes what type of sequence was aligned
203 against what (BLASTN: dna-dna, BLASTP prt-prt, BLASTX translated
204 dna-prt, TBLASTN prt-translated dna, TBLASTX translated
206 Returns : a scalar string
212 my ($self,@args) = @_;
213 $self->throw_not_implemented;
219 Usage : $score = $hit->raw_score();
220 Function: Gets the "raw score" generated by the algorithm. What
221 this score is exactly will vary from algorithm to algorithm,
222 returning undef if unavailable.
223 Returns : a scalar value
229 $_[0]->throw_not_implemented;
234 Equivalent to L<raw_score()|raw_score>
238 sub score
{ shift->raw_score(@_); }
243 Usage : $significance = $hit->significance();
244 Function: Used to obtain the E or P value of a hit, i.e. the probability that
245 this particular hit was obtained purely by random chance. If
246 information is not available (nor calculatable from other
247 information sources), return undef.
248 Returns : a scalar value or undef if unavailable
254 $_[0]->throw_not_implemented;
259 Usage : $hit_object->bits();
260 Purpose : Gets the bit score of the best HSP for the current hit.
261 Example : $bits = $hit_object->bits();
262 Returns : Integer or double for FASTA reports
264 Comments : For BLAST1, the non-bit score is listed in the summary line.
266 See Also : L<score()|score>
273 $_[0]->throw_not_implemented();
279 Usage : while( $hsp = $obj->next_hsp()) { ... }
280 Function : Returns the next available High Scoring Pair
282 Returns : L<Bio::Search::HSP::HSPI> object or null if finished
288 my ($self,@args) = @_;
289 $self->throw_not_implemented;
295 Usage : $hit_object->hsps();
296 Purpose : Get a list containing all HSP objects.
297 : Get the numbers of HSPs for the current hit.
298 Example : @hsps = $hit_object->hsps();
299 : $num = $hit_object->hsps(); # alternatively, use num_hsps()
300 Returns : Array context : list of L<Bio::Search::HSP::BlastHSP> objects.
301 : Scalar context: integer (number of HSPs).
302 : (Equivalent to num_hsps()).
303 Argument : n/a. Relies on wantarray
304 Throws : Exception if the HSPs have not been collected.
306 See Also : L<hsp()|hsp>, L<num_hsps()|num_hsps>
315 $self->throw_not_implemented();
322 Usage : $hit_object->num_hsps();
323 Purpose : Get the number of HSPs for the present Blast hit.
324 Example : $nhsps = $hit_object->num_hsps();
327 Throws : Exception if the HSPs have not been collected.
329 See Also : L<hsps()|hsps>
336 shift->throw_not_implemented();
342 Usage : $hit->seq_inds( seq_type, class, collapse );
343 Purpose : Get a list of residue positions (indices) across all HSPs
344 : for identical or conserved residues in the query or sbjct sequence.
345 Example : @s_ind = $hit->seq_inds('query', 'identical');
346 : @h_ind = $hit->seq_inds('hit', 'conserved');
347 : @h_ind = $hit->seq_inds('hit', 'conserved', 1);
348 Returns : Array of integers
349 : May include ranges if collapse is non-zero.
350 Argument : [0] seq_type = 'query' or 'hit' or 'sbjct' (default = 'query')
351 : ('sbjct' is synonymous with 'hit')
352 : [1] class = 'identical' or 'conserved' (default = 'identical')
353 : (can be shortened to 'id' or 'cons')
354 : (actually, anything not 'id' will evaluate to 'conserved').
355 : [2] collapse = boolean, if non-zero, consecutive positions are merged
356 : using a range notation, e.g., "1 2 3 4 5 7 9 10 11"
357 : collapses to "1-5 7 9-11". This is useful for
358 : consolidating long lists. Default = no collapse.
361 See Also : L<Bio::Search::HSP::HSPI::seq_inds()|Bio::Search::HSP::HSPI>
368 my ($self, $seqType, $class, $collapse) = @_;
370 $seqType ||= 'query';
371 $class ||= 'identical';
374 $seqType = 'sbjct' if $seqType eq 'hit';
377 foreach $hsp ($self->hsps) {
378 # This will merge data for all HSPs together.
379 push @inds, $hsp->seq_inds($seqType, $class);
382 # Need to remove duplicates and sort the merged positions.
384 my %tmp = map { $_, 1 } @inds;
385 @inds = sort {$a <=> $b} keys %tmp;
388 $collapse ?
&Bio
::Search
::BlastUtils
::collapse_nums
(@inds) : @inds;
394 Usage : $hit->rewind;
395 Function: Allow one to reset the HSP iterator to the beginning
404 $self->throw_not_implemented();
410 Usage : $hit_object->overlap( [integer] );
411 Purpose : Gets/Sets the allowable amount overlap between different HSP sequences.
412 Example : $hit_object->overlap(5);
413 : $overlap = $hit_object->overlap;
417 Status : Experimental
418 Comments : Any two HSPs whose sequences overlap by less than or equal
419 : to the overlap() number of resides will be considered separate HSPs
420 : and will not get tiled by L<Bio::Search::BlastUtils::_adjust_contigs()>.
422 See Also : L<Bio::Search::BlastUtils::_adjust_contigs()|Bio::Search::BlastUtils>, L<BUGS | BUGS>
427 sub overlap
{ shift->throw_not_implemented }
432 Usage : $hit_object->n();
433 Purpose : Gets the N number for the current Blast hit.
434 : This is the number of HSPs in the set which was ascribed
435 : the lowest P-value (listed on the description line).
436 : This number is not the same as the total number of HSPs.
437 : To get the total number of HSPs, use num_hsps().
438 Example : $n = $hit_object->n();
441 Throws : Exception if HSPs have not been set (BLAST2 reports).
442 Comments : Note that the N parameter is not reported in gapped BLAST2.
443 : Calling n() on such reports will result in a call to num_hsps().
444 : The num_hsps() method will count the actual number of
445 : HSPs in the alignment listing, which may exceed N in
448 See Also : L<num_hsps()|num_hsps>
453 sub n
{ shift->throw_not_implemented }
457 Usage : $hit_object->p( [format] );
458 Purpose : Get the P-value for the best HSP of the given BLAST hit.
459 : (Note that P-values are not provided with NCBI Blast2 reports).
460 Example : $p = $sbjct->p;
461 : $p = $sbjct->p('exp'); # get exponent only.
462 : ($num, $exp) = $sbjct->p('parts'); # split sci notation into parts
463 Returns : Float or scientific notation number (the raw P-value, DEFAULT).
464 : Integer if format == 'exp' (the magnitude of the base 10 exponent).
465 : 2-element list (float, int) if format == 'parts' and P-value
466 : is in scientific notation (See Comments).
467 Argument : format: string of 'raw' | 'exp' | 'parts'
468 : 'raw' returns value given in report. Default. (1.2e-34)
469 : 'exp' returns exponent value only (34)
470 : 'parts' returns the decimal and exponent as a
471 : 2-element list (1.2, -34) (See Comments).
472 Throws : Warns if no P-value is defined. Uses expect instead.
473 Comments : Using the 'parts' argument is not recommended since it will not
474 : work as expected if the P-value is not in scientific notation.
475 : That is, floats are not converted into sci notation before
476 : splitting into parts.
478 See Also : L<expect()|expect>, L<signif()|signif>, L<Bio::Search::BlastUtils::get_exponent()|Bio::Search::BlastUtils>
483 sub p
{ shift->throw_not_implemented() }
487 Usage : $hit_object->hsp( [string] );
488 Purpose : Get a single HSPI object for the present HitI object.
489 Example : $hspObj = $hit_object->hsp; # same as 'best'
490 : $hspObj = $hit_object->hsp('best');
491 : $hspObj = $hit_object->hsp('worst');
492 Returns : Object reference for a L<Bio::Search::HSP::HSPI> object.
493 Argument : String (or no argument).
494 : No argument (default) = highest scoring HSP (same as 'best').
495 : 'best' or 'first' = highest scoring HSP.
496 : 'worst' or 'last' = lowest scoring HSP.
497 Throws : Exception if the HSPs have not been collected.
498 : Exception if an unrecognized argument is used.
500 See Also : L<hsps()|hsps>, L<num_hsps>()
505 sub hsp
{ shift->throw_not_implemented }
507 =head2 logical_length
509 Usage : $hit_object->logical_length( [seq_type] );
510 : (mostly intended for internal use).
511 Purpose : Get the logical length of the hit sequence.
512 : If the Blast is a TBLASTN or TBLASTX, the returned length
513 : is the length of the would-be amino acid sequence (length/3).
514 : For all other BLAST flavors, this function is the same as length().
515 Example : $len = $hit_object->logical_length();
517 Argument : seq_type = 'query' or 'hit' or 'sbjct' (default = 'query')
518 ('sbjct' is synonymous with 'hit')
520 Comments : This is important for functions like frac_aligned_query()
521 : which need to operate in amino acid coordinate space when dealing
522 : with [T]BLAST[NX] type reports.
524 See Also : L<length()|length>, L<frac_aligned_query()|frac_aligned_query>, L<frac_aligned_hit()|frac_aligned_hit>
528 #--------------------
529 sub logical_length
{ shift->throw_not_implemented() }
535 Usage : $obj->rank($newval)
536 Function: Get/Set the rank of this Hit in the Query search list
537 i.e. this is the Nth hit for a specific query
538 Returns : value of rank
539 Args : newvalue (optional)
545 my ($self,$value) = @_;
546 $self->throw_not_implemented();
549 =head2 each_accession_number
551 Title : each_accession_number
552 Usage : $obj->each_accession_number
553 Function: Get each accession number listed in the description of the hit.
554 If there are no alternatives, then only the primary accession will
556 Returns : list of all accession numbers in the description
562 sub each_accession_number
{
563 my ($self,$value) = @_;
564 $self->throw_not_implemented();
570 Usage : $hit_object->tiled_hsps( [integer] );
571 Purpose : Gets/Sets an indicator for whether or not the HSPs in this Hit
573 : Methods that rely on HSPs being tiled should check this
574 : and then call SearchUtils::tile_hsps() if not.
575 Example : $hit_object->tiled_hsps(1);
576 : if( $hit_object->tiled_hsps ) { # do something }
577 Returns : Boolean (1 or 0)
578 Argument : integer (optional)
583 sub tiled_hsps
{ shift->throw_not_implemented }
588 Usage : $sbjct->strand( [seq_type] );
589 Purpose : Gets the strand(s) for the query, sbjct, or both sequences
590 : in the best HSP of the BlastHit object after HSP tiling.
591 : Only valid for BLASTN, TBLASTX, BLASTX-query, TBLASTN-hit.
592 Example : $qstrand = $sbjct->strand('query');
593 : $sstrand = $sbjct->strand('hit');
594 : ($qstrand, $sstrand) = $sbjct->strand();
595 Returns : scalar context: integer '1', '-1', or '0'
596 : array context without args: list of two strings (queryStrand, sbjctStrand)
597 : Array context can be "induced" by providing an argument of 'list' or 'array'.
598 Argument : In scalar context: seq_type = 'query' or 'hit' or 'sbjct' (default = 'query')
599 ('sbjct' is synonymous with 'hit')
601 Comments : This method requires that all HSPs be tiled. If they have not
602 : already been tiled, they will be tiled first automatically..
603 : If you don't want the tiled data, iterate through each HSP
604 : calling strand() on each (use hsps() to get all HSPs).
606 : Formerly (prior to 10/21/02), this method would return the
607 : string "-1/1" for hits with HSPs on both strands.
608 : However, now that strand and frame is properly being accounted
609 : for during HSP tiling, it makes more sense for strand()
610 : to return the strand data for the best HSP after tiling.
612 : If you really want to know about hits on opposite strands,
613 : you should be iterating through the HSPs using methods on the
616 : A possible use case where knowing whether a hit has HSPs
617 : on both strands would be when filtering via SearchIO for hits with
618 : this property. However, in this case it would be better to have a
619 : dedicated method such as $hit->hsps_on_both_strands(). Similarly
620 : for frame. This could be provided if there is interest.
622 See Also : L<Bio::Search::HSP::HSPI::strand>()
627 sub strand
{ shift->throw_not_implemented }
632 Usage : $hit_object->frame();
633 Purpose : Gets the reading frame for the best HSP after HSP tiling.
634 : This is only valid for BLASTX and TBLASTN/X type reports.
635 Example : $frame = $hit_object->frame();
636 Returns : Integer (-2 .. +2)
638 Throws : Exception if HSPs have not been set.
639 Comments : This method requires that all HSPs be tiled. If they have not
640 : already been tiled, they will be tiled first automatically..
641 : If you don't want the tiled data, iterate through each HSP
642 : calling frame() on each (use hsps() to get all HSPs).
644 See Also : L<hsps()|hsps>
649 sub frame
{ shift->throw_not_implemented }
654 Usage : $hit_object->matches( [class] );
655 Purpose : Get the total number of identical or conserved matches
656 : (or both) across all HSPs.
657 : (Note: 'conservative' matches are indicated as 'positives'
659 Example : ($id,$cons) = $hit_object->matches(); # no argument
660 : $id = $hit_object->matches('id');
661 : $cons = $hit_object->matches('cons');
662 Returns : Integer or a 2-element array of integers
663 Argument : class = 'id' | 'cons' OR none.
664 : If no argument is provided, both identical and conservative
665 : numbers are returned in a two element list.
666 : (Other terms can be used to refer to the conservative
667 : matches, e.g., 'positive'. All that is checked is whether or
668 : not the supplied string starts with 'id'. If not, the
669 : conservative matches are returned.)
670 Throws : Exception if the requested data cannot be obtained.
671 Comments : This method requires that all HSPs be tiled. If there is more than one
672 : HSP and they have not already been tiled, they will be tiled first automatically..
674 : If you need data for each HSP, use hsps() and then interate
675 : through the HSP objects.
676 : Does not rely on wantarray to return a list. Only checks for
677 : the presence of an argument (no arg = return list).
679 See Also : L<Bio::Search::HSP::GenericHSP::matches()|Bio::Search::HSP::GenericHSP>, L<hsps()|hsps>
683 sub matches
{ shift->throw_not_implemented }
686 # aliasing for Steve's method names
687 sub hit_description
{ shift->description(@_) }
688 # aliasing for Steve's method names
689 sub hit_length
{ shift->length(@_) }
692 # sort method for HSPs
697 Usage : $result->sort_hsps(\&sort_function)
698 Function : Sorts the available HSP objects by a user-supplied function. Defaults to sort
701 Args : A coderef for the sort function. See the documentation on the Perl sort()
702 function for guidelines on writing sort functions.
703 Note : To access the special variables $a and $b used by the Perl sort() function
704 the user function must access Bio::Search::Hit::HitI namespace.
706 $hit->sort_hsps( sub{$Bio::Search::Result::HitI::a->length <=>
707 $Bio::Search::Result::HitI::b->length});
708 NOT $hit->sort_hsps($a->length <=> $b->length);
712 sub sort_hsps
{shift->throw_not_implemented }
714 =head2 _default sort_hsps
716 Title : _default_sort_hsps
717 Usage : Do not call directly.
718 Function : Sort hsps in ascending order by evalue
720 Returns: 1 on success
721 Note : Used by $hit->sort_hsps()
725 sub _default_sort_hsps
{
726 $Bio::Search
::Hit
::HitI
::a
->evalue <=>
727 $Bio::Search
::Hit
::HitI
::a
->evalue;