1 .\" $OpenBSD: mailaddr.7,v 1.13 2012/09/26 17:34:38 jmc Exp $
2 .\" $NetBSD: mailaddr.7,v 1.3 1994/11/30 19:07:17 jtc Exp $
4 .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1987, 1990, 1993
5 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
7 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17 .\" without specific prior written permission.
19 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31 .\" @(#)mailaddr.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/16/93
33 .Dd $Mdocdate: September 26 2012 $
38 .Nd mail addressing description
40 Mail addresses are based on the Internet protocol listed at the end of this
42 These addresses are in the general format
46 where a domain is a hierarchical dot separated list of subdomains.
47 For example, a valid address is:
49 .Dl eric@CS.Berkeley.EDU
51 Unlike some other forms of addressing, domains do not imply any routing.
52 Thus, although this address is specified as an Internet address, it might
53 travel by an alternate route if that were more convenient or efficient.
54 For example, at Berkeley, the associated message would probably go directly
55 to CS over the Ethernet rather than going via the Berkeley Internet
58 Under certain circumstances it may not be necessary to type the entire
60 In general, anything following the first dot may be omitted
61 if it is the same as the domain from which you are sending the message.
62 For example, a user on
63 .Dq calder.berkeley.edu
68 since it is the same on both sending
71 Certain old address formats are converted to the new format to provide
72 compatibility with the previous mail system.
96 This is normally converted back to the
98 form before being sent
99 on for compatibility with older UUCP hosts.
100 .Ss Case distinctions
101 Domain names (i.e., anything after the
103 sign) may be given in any mixture
104 of upper and lower case with the exception of UUCP hostnames.
106 accept any combination of case in user names, with the notable exception of
109 Under some circumstances it may be necessary to route a message through
110 several hosts to get it to the final destination.
111 Normally this routing
112 is done automatically, but sometimes it is desirable to route the message
114 Addresses which show these relays are termed
116 These use the syntax:
118 .Dl <@hosta,@hostb:user@hostc>
120 This specifies that the message should be sent to
126 This path is forced even if there is a more efficient
130 Route-addrs occur frequently on return addresses, since these are generally
131 augmented by the software at each host.
132 It is generally possible to ignore all but the
134 part of the address to determine the actual sender.
136 [Note: The route-addr syntax is officially deprecated
137 in RFC 1123 and should not be used.]
139 Many sites also support the
141 for simplistic routing:
143 .Dl user%hostc%hostb@hosta
145 is routed as indicated in the previous example.
147 Every site is required to have a user or user alias designated
149 to which problems with the mail system may be addressed.
151 Some other networks can be reached by giving the name of the network as the
152 last component of the domain.
153 .Em This is not a standard feature
155 not be supported at all sites.
156 For example, messages to CSNET or BITNET sites can often be sent to
159 .Dq user@host.BITNET ,
169 .%T Internet Message Format
175 The RFC 5322 group syntax
176 .Pq Dq group:user1,user2,user3;
178 except in the special case of
180 because of a conflict with old
181 berknet-style addresses.
183 Route-Address syntax is grotty.
185 UUCP- and Internet-style addresses do not coexist politely.