cut: code shrink

[busybox-git.git] / init / init.c

/* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
/*
 * Mini init implementation for busybox
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 by Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>.
 * Copyright (C) 1999-2004 by Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>
 * Adjusted by so many folks, it's impossible to keep track.
 *
 * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
 */
//config:config INIT
//config:       bool "init (10 kb)"
//config:       default y
//config:       select FEATURE_SYSLOG
//config:       help
//config:       init is the first program run when the system boots.
//config:
//config:config LINUXRC
//config:       bool "linuxrc: support running init from initrd (not initramfs)"
//config:       default y
//config:       select FEATURE_SYSLOG
//config:       help
//config:       Legacy support for running init under the old-style initrd. Allows
//config:       the name linuxrc to act as init, and it doesn't assume init is PID 1.
//config:
//config:       This does not apply to initramfs, which runs /init as PID 1 and
//config:       requires no special support.
//config:
//config:config FEATURE_USE_INITTAB
//config:       bool "Support reading an inittab file"
//config:       default y
//config:       depends on INIT || LINUXRC
//config:       help
//config:       Allow init to read an inittab file when the system boot.
//config:
//config:config FEATURE_KILL_REMOVED
//config:       bool "Support killing processes that have been removed from inittab"
//config:       default n
//config:       depends on FEATURE_USE_INITTAB
//config:       help
//config:       When respawn entries are removed from inittab and a SIGHUP is
//config:       sent to init, this option will make init kill the processes
//config:       that have been removed.
//config:
//config:config FEATURE_KILL_DELAY
//config:       int "How long to wait between TERM and KILL (0 - send TERM only)" if FEATURE_KILL_REMOVED
//config:       range 0 1024
//config:       default 0
//config:       depends on FEATURE_KILL_REMOVED
//config:       help
//config:       With nonzero setting, init sends TERM, forks, child waits N
//config:       seconds, sends KILL and exits. Setting it too high is unwise
//config:       (child will hang around for too long and could actually kill
//config:       the wrong process!)
//config:
//config:config FEATURE_INIT_SCTTY
//config:       bool "Run commands with leading dash with controlling tty"
//config:       default y
//config:       depends on INIT || LINUXRC
//config:       help
//config:       If this option is enabled, init will try to give a controlling
//config:       tty to any command which has leading hyphen (often it's "-/bin/sh").
//config:       More precisely, init will do "ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCSCTTY, 0)".
//config:       If device attached to STDIN_FILENO can be a ctty but is not yet
//config:       a ctty for other session, it will become this process' ctty.
//config:       This is not the traditional init behavour, but is often what you want
//config:       in an embedded system where the console is only accessed during
//config:       development or for maintenance.
//config:       NB: using cttyhack applet may work better.
//config:
//config:config FEATURE_INIT_SYSLOG
//config:       bool "Enable init to write to syslog"
//config:       default y
//config:       depends on INIT || LINUXRC
//config:       help
//config:       If selected, some init messages are sent to syslog.
//config:       Otherwise, they are sent to VT #5 if linux virtual tty is detected
//config:       (if not, no separate logging is done).
//config:
//config:config FEATURE_INIT_QUIET
//config:       bool "Be quiet on boot (no 'init started:' message)"
//config:       default y
//config:       depends on INIT || LINUXRC
//config:
//config:config FEATURE_INIT_COREDUMPS
//config:       bool "Support dumping core for child processes (debugging only)"
//config:       default n       # not Y because this is a debug option
//config:       depends on INIT || LINUXRC
//config:       help
//config:       If this option is enabled and the file /.init_enable_core
//config:       exists, then init will call setrlimit() to allow unlimited
//config:       core file sizes. If this option is disabled, processes
//config:       will not generate any core files.
//config:
//config:config INIT_TERMINAL_TYPE
//config:       string "Initial terminal type"
//config:       default "linux"
//config:       depends on INIT || LINUXRC
//config:       help
//config:       This is the initial value set by init for the TERM environment
//config:       variable. This variable is used by programs which make use of
//config:       extended terminal capabilities.
//config:
//config:       Note that on Linux, init attempts to detect serial terminal and
//config:       sets TERM to "vt102" if one is found.
//config:
//config:config FEATURE_INIT_MODIFY_CMDLINE
//config:       bool "Clear init's command line"
//config:       default y
//config:       depends on INIT || LINUXRC
//config:       help
//config:       When launched as PID 1 and after parsing its arguments, init
//config:       wipes all the arguments but argv[0] and rewrites argv[0] to
//config:       contain only "init", so that its command line appears solely as
//config:       "init" in tools such as ps.
//config:       If this option is set to Y, init will keep its original behavior,
//config:       otherwise, all the arguments including argv[0] will be preserved,
//config:       be they parsed or ignored by init.
//config:       The original command-line used to launch init can then be
//config:       retrieved in /proc/1/cmdline on Linux, for example.

//applet:IF_INIT(APPLET(init, BB_DIR_SBIN, BB_SUID_DROP))
//applet:IF_LINUXRC(APPLET_ODDNAME(linuxrc, init, BB_DIR_ROOT, BB_SUID_DROP, linuxrc))

//kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_INIT) += init.o
//kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_LINUXRC) += init.o

#define DEBUG_SEGV_HANDLER 0

#include "libbb.h"
#include "common_bufsiz.h"
#include <syslog.h>
#ifdef __linux__
# include <linux/vt.h>
# include <sys/sysinfo.h>
#endif
#include "reboot.h" /* reboot() constants */

#if DEBUG_SEGV_HANDLER
# undef _GNU_SOURCE
# define _GNU_SOURCE 1
# undef __USE_GNU
# define __USE_GNU 1
# include <execinfo.h>
# include <sys/ucontext.h>
#endif

/* Was a CONFIG_xxx option. A lot of people were building
 * not fully functional init by switching it on! */
#define DEBUG_INIT 0

#define CONSOLE_NAME_SIZE 32

/* Default sysinit script. */
#ifndef INIT_SCRIPT
# define INIT_SCRIPT  "/etc/init.d/rcS"
#endif

/* Each type of actions can appear many times. They will be
 * handled in order. RESTART is an exception, only 1st is used.
 */
/* Start these actions first and wait for completion */
#define SYSINIT     0x01
/* Start these after SYSINIT and wait for completion */
#define WAIT        0x02
/* Start these after WAIT and *dont* wait for completion */
#define ONCE        0x04
/*
 * NB: while SYSINIT/WAIT/ONCE are being processed,
 * SIGHUP ("reread /etc/inittab") will be processed only after
 * each group of actions. If new inittab adds, say, a SYSINIT action,
 * it will not be run, since init is already "past SYSINIT stage".
 */
/* Start these after ONCE are started, restart on exit */
#define RESPAWN     0x08
/* Like RESPAWN, but wait for <Enter> to be pressed on tty */
#define ASKFIRST    0x10
/*
 * Start these on SIGINT, and wait for completion.
 * Then go back to respawning RESPAWN and ASKFIRST actions.
 * NB: kernel sends SIGINT to us if Ctrl-Alt-Del was pressed.
 */
#define CTRLALTDEL  0x20
/*
 * Start these before killing all processes in preparation for
 * running RESTART actions or doing low-level halt/reboot/poweroff
 * (initiated by SIGUSR1/SIGTERM/SIGUSR2).
 * Wait for completion before proceeding.
 */
#define SHUTDOWN    0x40
/*
 * exec() on SIGQUIT. SHUTDOWN actions are started and waited for,
 * then all processes are killed, then init exec's 1st RESTART action,
 * replacing itself by it. If no RESTART action specified,
 * SIGQUIT has no effect.
 */
#define RESTART     0x80

/* A linked list of init_actions, to be read from inittab */
struct init_action {
        struct init_action *next;
        pid_t pid;
        uint8_t action_type;
        char terminal[CONSOLE_NAME_SIZE];
        char command[1];
};

struct globals {
        struct init_action *init_action_list;
#if !ENABLE_FEATURE_INIT_SYSLOG
        const char *log_console;
#endif
        sigset_t delayed_sigset;
        struct timespec zero_ts;
} FIX_ALIASING;
#define G (*(struct globals*)bb_common_bufsiz1)
#define INIT_G() do { \
        setup_common_bufsiz(); \
        IF_NOT_FEATURE_INIT_SYSLOG(G.log_console = VC_5;) \
} while (0)

enum {
        L_LOG = 0x1,
        L_CONSOLE = 0x2,
};

/* Print a message to the specified device.
 * "where" may be bitwise-or'd from L_LOG | L_CONSOLE
 * NB: careful, we can be called after vfork!
 */
#define dbg_message(...) do { if (DEBUG_INIT) message(__VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
static void message(int where, const char *fmt, ...)
        __attribute__ ((format(printf, 2, 3)));
static void message(int where, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list arguments;
        unsigned l;
        char msg[128];

        msg[0] = '\r';
        va_start(arguments, fmt);
        l = 1 + vsnprintf(msg + 1, sizeof(msg) - 2, fmt, arguments);
        if (l > sizeof(msg) - 2)
                l = sizeof(msg) - 2;
        va_end(arguments);

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_INIT_SYSLOG
        msg[l] = '\0';
        if (where & L_LOG) {
                /* Log the message to syslogd */
                openlog(applet_name, 0, LOG_DAEMON);
                /* don't print "\r" */
                syslog(LOG_INFO, "%s", msg + 1);
                closelog();
        }
        msg[l++] = '\n';
        msg[l] = '\0';
#else
        msg[l++] = '\n';
        msg[l] = '\0';
        if (where & L_LOG) {
                /* Take full control of the log tty, and never close it.
                 * It's mine, all mine!  Muhahahaha! */
                static int log_fd = -1;

                if (log_fd < 0) {
                        log_fd = STDERR_FILENO;
                        if (G.log_console) {
                                log_fd = device_open(G.log_console, O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_NOCTTY);
                                if (log_fd < 0) {
                                        bb_error_msg("can't log to %s", G.log_console);
                                        where = L_CONSOLE;
                                } else {
                                        close_on_exec_on(log_fd);
                                }
                        }
                }
                full_write(log_fd, msg, l);
                if (log_fd == STDERR_FILENO)
                        return; /* don't print dup messages */
        }
#endif

        if (where & L_CONSOLE) {
                /* Send console messages to console so people will see them. */
                full_write(STDERR_FILENO, msg, l);
        }
}

static void console_init(void)
{
#ifdef VT_OPENQRY
        int vtno;
#endif
        char *s;

        s = getenv("CONSOLE");
        if (!s)
                s = getenv("console");
#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
        /* BSD people say their kernels do not open fd 0,1,2; they need this: */
        if (!s)
                s = (char*)"/dev/console";
#endif
        if (s) {
                int fd = open(s, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK | O_NOCTTY);
                if (fd >= 0) {
                        dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
                        dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
                        xmove_fd(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
                }
                dbg_message(L_LOG, "console='%s'", s);
        } else {
                /* Make sure fd 0,1,2 are not closed
                 * (so that they won't be used by future opens) */
                bb_sanitize_stdio();
// Users report problems
//              /* Make sure init can't be blocked by writing to stderr */
//              fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_SETFL, fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK);
        }

        s = getenv("TERM");
#ifdef VT_OPENQRY
        if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, VT_OPENQRY, &vtno) != 0) {
                /* Not a linux terminal, probably serial console.
                 * Force the TERM setting to vt102
                 * if TERM is set to linux (the default) */
                if (!s || strcmp(s, "linux") == 0)
                        putenv((char*)"TERM=vt102");
# if !ENABLE_FEATURE_INIT_SYSLOG
                G.log_console = NULL;
# endif
        } else
#endif
        if (!s)
                putenv((char*)"TERM=" CONFIG_INIT_TERMINAL_TYPE);
}

/* Set terminal settings to reasonable defaults.
 * NB: careful, we can be called after vfork! */
static void set_sane_term(void)
{
        struct termios tty;

        if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &tty) != 0)
                return;

        /* set control chars */
        tty.c_cc[VINTR] = 3;    /* C-c */
        tty.c_cc[VQUIT] = 28;   /* C-\ */
        tty.c_cc[VERASE] = 127; /* C-? */
        tty.c_cc[VKILL] = 21;   /* C-u */
        tty.c_cc[VEOF] = 4;     /* C-d */
        tty.c_cc[VSTART] = 17;  /* C-q */
        tty.c_cc[VSTOP] = 19;   /* C-s */
        tty.c_cc[VSUSP] = 26;   /* C-z */

#ifdef __linux__
        /* use line discipline 0 */
        tty.c_line = 0;
#endif

        /* Make it be sane */
/* On systems where the baud rate is stored in a separate field, we can safely disable these. */
#ifndef CBAUD
# define CBAUD 0
# define CBAUDEX 0
#endif
/* Added CRTSCTS to fix Debian bug 528560 */
#ifndef CRTSCTS
# define CRTSCTS 0
#endif
        tty.c_cflag &= CBAUD | CBAUDEX | CSIZE | CSTOPB | PARENB | PARODD | CRTSCTS;
        tty.c_cflag |= CREAD | HUPCL | CLOCAL;

        /* input modes */
        tty.c_iflag = ICRNL | IXON | IXOFF;

        /* output modes */
        tty.c_oflag = OPOST | ONLCR;

        /* local modes */
        tty.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOKE | IEXTEN;

        tcsetattr_stdin_TCSANOW(&tty);
}

/* Open the new terminal device.
 * NB: careful, we can be called after vfork! */
static int open_stdio_to_tty(const char* tty_name)
{
        /* empty tty_name means "use init's tty", else... */
        if (tty_name[0]) {
                int fd;

                close(STDIN_FILENO);
                /* fd can be only < 0 or 0: */
                fd = device_open(tty_name, O_RDWR);
                if (fd) {
                        message(L_LOG | L_CONSOLE, "can't open %s: "STRERROR_FMT,
                                tty_name
                                STRERROR_ERRNO
                        );
                        return 0; /* failure */
                }
                dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO);
                dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
        }
        set_sane_term();
        return 1; /* success */
}

static void reset_sighandlers_and_unblock_sigs(void)
{
        bb_signals(0
                | (1 << SIGTSTP)
                | (1 << SIGSTOP)
                , SIG_DFL);
        sigprocmask_allsigs(SIG_UNBLOCK);
}

/* Wrapper around exec:
 * Takes string.
 * If chars like '>' detected, execs '[-]/bin/sh -c "exec ......."'.
 * Otherwise splits words on whitespace, deals with leading dash,
 * and uses plain exec().
 * NB: careful, we can be called after vfork!
 */
static void init_exec(const char *command)
{
        /* +8 allows to write VLA sizes below more efficiently: */
        unsigned command_size = strlen(command) + 8;
        /* strlen(command) + strlen("exec ")+1: */
        char buf[command_size];
        /* strlen(command) / 2 + 4: */
        char *cmd[command_size / 2];
        int dash;

        dash = (command[0] == '-' /* maybe? && command[1] == '/' */);
        command += dash;

        /* See if any special /bin/sh requiring characters are present */
        if (strpbrk(command, "~`!$^&*()=|\\{}[];\"'<>?") != NULL) {
                sprintf(buf, "exec %s", command); /* excluding "-" */
                /* NB: LIBBB_DEFAULT_LOGIN_SHELL define has leading dash */
                cmd[0] = (char*)(LIBBB_DEFAULT_LOGIN_SHELL + !dash);
                cmd[1] = (char*)"-c";
                cmd[2] = buf;
                cmd[3] = NULL;
                command = LIBBB_DEFAULT_LOGIN_SHELL + 1;
        } else {
                /* Convert command (char*) into cmd (char**, one word per string) */
                char *word, *next;
                int i = 0;
                next = strcpy(buf, command - dash); /* command including "-" */
                command = next + dash;
                while ((word = strsep(&next, " \t")) != NULL) {
                        if (*word != '\0') { /* not two spaces/tabs together? */
                                cmd[i] = word;
                                i++;
                        }
                }
                cmd[i] = NULL;
        }
        /* If we saw leading "-", it is interactive shell.
         * Try harder to give it a controlling tty.
         */
        if (ENABLE_FEATURE_INIT_SCTTY && dash) {
                /* _Attempt_ to make stdin a controlling tty. */
                ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCSCTTY, 0 /*only try, don't steal*/);
        }
        /* Here command never contains the dash, cmd[0] might */
        BB_EXECVP(command, cmd);
        message(L_LOG | L_CONSOLE, "can't run '%s': "STRERROR_FMT, command STRERROR_ERRNO);
        /* returns if execvp fails */
}

/* Used only by run_actions */
static pid_t run(const struct init_action *a)
{
        pid_t pid;

        if (BB_MMU && (a->action_type & ASKFIRST))
                pid = fork();
        else
                pid = vfork();
        if (pid) {
                if (pid < 0)
                        message(L_LOG | L_CONSOLE, "can't fork");
                return pid; /* Parent or error */
        }

        /* Child */

        /* Reset signal handlers that were set by the parent process */
        reset_sighandlers_and_unblock_sigs();

        /* Create a new session and make ourself the process group leader */
        setsid();

        /* Open the new terminal device */
        if (!open_stdio_to_tty(a->terminal))
                _exit_FAILURE();

        /* NB: on NOMMU we can't wait for input in child, so
         * "askfirst" will work the same as "respawn". */
        if (BB_MMU && (a->action_type & ASKFIRST)) {
                static const char press_enter[] ALIGN1 =
#ifdef CUSTOMIZED_BANNER
#include CUSTOMIZED_BANNER
#endif
                        "\nPlease press Enter to activate this console. ";
                char c;
                /*
                 * Save memory by not exec-ing anything large (like a shell)
                 * before the user wants it. This is critical if swap is not
                 * enabled and the system has low memory. Generally this will
                 * be run on the second virtual console, and the first will
                 * be allowed to start a shell or whatever an init script
                 * specifies.
                 */
                dbg_message(L_LOG, "waiting for enter to start '%s'"
                                        "(pid %d, tty '%s')\n",
                                a->command, getpid(), a->terminal);
                full_write(STDOUT_FILENO, press_enter, sizeof(press_enter) - 1);
                while (safe_read(STDIN_FILENO, &c, 1) == 1 && c != '\n')
                        continue;
        }

        /*
         * When a file named /.init_enable_core exists, setrlimit is called
         * before processes are spawned to set core file size as unlimited.
         * This is for debugging only.  Don't use this is production, unless
         * you want core dumps lying about....
         */
        if (ENABLE_FEATURE_INIT_COREDUMPS) {
                if (access("/.init_enable_core", F_OK) == 0) {
                        struct rlimit limit;
                        limit.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
                        limit.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
                        setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &limit);
                }
        }

        /* Log the process name and args */
        message(L_LOG, "starting pid %u, tty '%s': '%s'",
                        (int)getpid(), a->terminal, a->command);

        /* Now run it.  The new program will take over this PID,
         * so nothing further in init.c should be run. */
        init_exec(a->command);
        /* We're still here?  Some error happened. */
        _exit(-1);
}

static struct init_action *mark_terminated(pid_t pid)
{
        struct init_action *a;

        if (pid > 0) {
                update_utmp_DEAD_PROCESS(pid);
                for (a = G.init_action_list; a; a = a->next) {
                        if (a->pid == pid) {
                                a->pid = 0;
                                return a;
                        }
                }
        }
        return NULL;
}

static void waitfor(pid_t pid)
{
        /* waitfor(run(x)): protect against failed fork inside run() */
        if (pid <= 0)
                return;

        /* Wait for any child (prevent zombies from exiting orphaned processes)
         * but exit the loop only when specified one has exited. */
        while (1) {
                pid_t wpid = wait(NULL);
                mark_terminated(wpid);
                if (wpid == pid) /* this was the process we waited for */
                        break;
                /* The above is not reliable enough: SIGTSTP handler might have
                 * wait'ed it already. Double check, exit if process is gone:
                 */
                if (kill(pid, 0))
                        break;
        }
}

/* Run all commands of a particular type */
static void run_actions(int action_type)
{
        struct init_action *a;

        for (a = G.init_action_list; a; a = a->next) {
                if (!(a->action_type & action_type))
                        continue;

                if (a->action_type & (SYSINIT | WAIT | ONCE | CTRLALTDEL | SHUTDOWN)) {
                        pid_t pid = run(a);
                        if (a->action_type & (SYSINIT | WAIT | CTRLALTDEL | SHUTDOWN))
                                waitfor(pid);
                }
                if (a->action_type & (RESPAWN | ASKFIRST)) {
                        /* Only run stuff with pid == 0. If pid != 0,
                         * it is already running
                         */
                        if (a->pid == 0)
                                a->pid = run(a);
                }
        }
}

static void new_init_action(uint8_t action_type, const char *command, const char *cons)
{
        struct init_action *a, **nextp;

        /* Scenario:
         * old inittab:
         * ::shutdown:umount -a -r
         * ::shutdown:swapoff -a
         * new inittab:
         * ::shutdown:swapoff -a
         * ::shutdown:umount -a -r
         * On reload, we must ensure entries end up in correct order.
         * To achieve that, if we find a matching entry, we move it
         * to the end.
         */
        nextp = &G.init_action_list;
        while ((a = *nextp) != NULL) {
                /* Don't enter action if it's already in the list.
                 * This prevents losing running RESPAWNs.
                 */
                if (strcmp(a->command, command) == 0
                 && strcmp(a->terminal, cons) == 0
                ) {
                        /* Remove from list */
                        *nextp = a->next;
                        /* Find the end of the list */
                        while (*nextp != NULL)
                                nextp = &(*nextp)->next;
                        a->next = NULL;
                        goto append;
                }
                nextp = &a->next;
        }

        a = xzalloc(sizeof(*a) + strlen(command));

        /* Append to the end of the list */
 append:
        *nextp = a;
        a->action_type = action_type;
        strcpy(a->command, command);
        safe_strncpy(a->terminal, cons, sizeof(a->terminal));
        dbg_message(L_LOG | L_CONSOLE, "command='%s' action=%x tty='%s'\n",
                a->command, a->action_type, a->terminal);
}

/* NOTE that if CONFIG_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB is NOT defined,
 * then parse_inittab() simply adds in some default
 * actions (i.e., runs INIT_SCRIPT and then starts a pair
 * of "askfirst" shells).  If CONFIG_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB
 * _is_ defined, but /etc/inittab is missing, this
 * results in the same set of default behaviors.
 */
static void parse_inittab(void)
{
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB
        char *token[4];
        parser_t *parser = config_open2("/etc/inittab", fopen_for_read);

        if (parser == NULL)
#endif
        {
                /* No inittab file - set up some default behavior */
                /* Sysinit */
                new_init_action(SYSINIT, INIT_SCRIPT, "");
                /* Askfirst shell on tty1-4 */
                new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, "");
//TODO: VC_1 instead of ""? "" is console -> ctty problems -> angry users
                new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, VC_2);
                new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, VC_3);
                new_init_action(ASKFIRST, bb_default_login_shell, VC_4);
                /* Reboot on Ctrl-Alt-Del */
                new_init_action(CTRLALTDEL, "reboot", "");
                /* Umount all filesystems on halt/reboot */
                new_init_action(SHUTDOWN, "umount -a -r", "");
                /* Swapoff on halt/reboot */
                new_init_action(SHUTDOWN, "swapoff -a", "");
                /* Restart init when a QUIT is received */
                new_init_action(RESTART, "init", "");
                return;
        }

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB
        /* optional_tty:ignored_runlevel:action:command
         * Delims are not to be collapsed and need exactly 4 tokens
         */
        while (config_read(parser, token, 4, 0, "#:",
                                PARSE_NORMAL & ~(PARSE_TRIM | PARSE_COLLAPSE))) {
                /* order must correspond to SYSINIT..RESTART constants */
                static const char actions[] ALIGN1 =
                        "sysinit\0""wait\0""once\0""respawn\0""askfirst\0"
                        "ctrlaltdel\0""shutdown\0""restart\0";
                int action;
                char *tty = token[0];

                if (!token[3]) /* less than 4 tokens */
                        goto bad_entry;
                action = index_in_strings(actions, token[2]);
                if (action < 0 || !token[3][0]) /* token[3]: command */
                        goto bad_entry;
                /* turn .*TTY -> /dev/TTY */
                if (tty[0]) {
                        tty = concat_path_file("/dev/", skip_dev_pfx(tty));
                }
                new_init_action(1 << action, token[3], tty);
                if (tty[0])
                        free(tty);
                continue;
 bad_entry:
                message(L_LOG | L_CONSOLE, "Bad inittab entry at line %d",
                                parser->lineno);
        }
        config_close(parser);
#endif
}

static void pause_and_low_level_reboot(unsigned magic) NORETURN;
static void pause_and_low_level_reboot(unsigned magic)
{
        pid_t pid;

        /* Allow time for last message to reach serial console, etc */
        sleep1();

        /* We have to fork here, since the kernel calls do_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS)
         * in linux/kernel/sys.c, which can cause the machine to panic when
         * the init process exits... */
        pid = vfork();
        if (pid == 0) { /* child */
                reboot(magic);
                _exit_SUCCESS();
        }
        /* Used to have "while (1) sleep(1)" here.
         * However, in containers reboot() call is ignored, and with that loop
         * we would eternally sleep here - not what we want.
         */
        waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
        sleep1(); /* paranoia */
        _exit_SUCCESS();
}

static void run_shutdown_and_kill_processes(void)
{
        /* Run everything to be run at "shutdown".  This is done _prior_
         * to killing everything, in case people wish to use scripts to
         * shut things down gracefully... */
        run_actions(SHUTDOWN);

        message(L_CONSOLE | L_LOG, "The system is going down NOW!");

        /* Send signals to every process _except_ pid 1 */
        kill(-1, SIGTERM);
        message(L_CONSOLE, "Sent SIG%s to all processes", "TERM");
        sync();
        sleep1();

        kill(-1, SIGKILL);
        message(L_CONSOLE, "Sent SIG%s to all processes", "KILL");
        sync();
        /*sleep1(); - callers take care about making a pause */
}

/* Signal handling by init:
 *
 * For process with PID==1, on entry kernel sets all signals to SIG_DFL
 * and unmasks all signals. However, for process with PID==1,
 * default action (SIG_DFL) on any signal is to ignore it,
 * even for special signals SIGKILL and SIGCONT.
 * Also, any signal can be caught or blocked.
 * (but SIGSTOP is still handled specially, at least in 2.6.20)
 *
 * We install two kinds of handlers, "immediate" and "delayed".
 *
 * Immediate handlers execute at any time, even while, say, sysinit
 * is running.
 *
 * Delayed handlers just set a flag variable. The variable is checked
 * in the main loop and acted upon.
 *
 * SIGSTOP and SIGTSTP have immediate handlers. They just wait
 * for SIGCONT to happen.
 *
 * halt/poweroff/reboot and restart have delayed handlers.
 *
 * SIGHUP has a delayed handler, because modifying linked list
 * of struct action's from a signal handler while it is manipulated
 * by the program may be disastrous.
 *
 * Ctrl-Alt-Del has a delayed handler. Not a must, but allowing
 * it to happen even somewhere inside "sysinit" would be a bit awkward.
 */

/* The SIGPWR/SIGUSR[12]/SIGTERM handler */
static void halt_reboot_pwoff(int sig) NORETURN;
static void halt_reboot_pwoff(int sig)
{
        const char *m;
        unsigned rb;

        /* We may call run() and it unmasks signals,
         * including the one masked inside this signal handler.
         * Testcase which would start multiple reboot scripts:
         *  while true; do reboot; done
         * Preventing it:
         */
        reset_sighandlers_and_unblock_sigs();

        run_shutdown_and_kill_processes();

        m = "halt";
        rb = RB_HALT_SYSTEM;
        if (sig == SIGTERM) {
                m = "reboot";
                rb = RB_AUTOBOOT;
        } else if (sig == SIGUSR2) {
                m = "poweroff";
                rb = RB_POWER_OFF;
        }
        message(L_CONSOLE, "Requesting system %s", m);
        pause_and_low_level_reboot(rb);
        /* not reached */
}

/* Handler for QUIT - exec "restart" action,
 * else (no such action defined) do nothing */
static void exec_restart_action(void)
{
        struct init_action *a;

        for (a = G.init_action_list; a; a = a->next) {
                if (!(a->action_type & RESTART))
                        continue;

                /* Starting from here, we won't return.
                 * Thus don't need to worry about preserving errno
                 * and such.
                 */

                reset_sighandlers_and_unblock_sigs();

                run_shutdown_and_kill_processes();

#ifdef RB_ENABLE_CAD
                /* Allow Ctrl-Alt-Del to reboot the system.
                 * This is how kernel sets it up for init, we follow suit.
                 */
                reboot(RB_ENABLE_CAD); /* misnomer */
#endif

                if (open_stdio_to_tty(a->terminal)) {
                        dbg_message(L_CONSOLE, "Trying to re-exec %s", a->command);
                        /* Theoretically should be safe.
                         * But in practice, kernel bugs may leave
                         * unkillable processes, and wait() may block forever.
                         * Oh well. Hoping "new" init won't be too surprised
                         * by having children it didn't create.
                         */
                        //while (wait(NULL) > 0)
                        //      continue;
                        init_exec(a->command);
                }
                /* Open or exec failed */
                pause_and_low_level_reboot(RB_HALT_SYSTEM);
                /* not reached */
        }
}

/* The SIGSTOP/SIGTSTP handler
 * NB: inside it, all signals except SIGCONT are masked
 * via appropriate setup in sigaction().
 */
static void stop_handler(int sig UNUSED_PARAM)
{
        int saved_errno = errno;

        bb_got_signal = 0;
        signal(SIGCONT, record_signo);

        while (1) {
                pid_t wpid;

                if (bb_got_signal == SIGCONT)
                        break;
                /* NB: this can accidentally wait() for a process
                 * which we waitfor() elsewhere! waitfor() must have
                 * code which is resilient against this.
                 */
                wpid = wait_any_nohang(NULL);
                mark_terminated(wpid);
                if (wpid <= 0) /* no processes exited? sleep a bit */
                        sleep1();
        }

        signal(SIGCONT, SIG_DFL);
        errno = saved_errno;
}

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB
static void reload_inittab(void)
{
        struct init_action *a, **nextp;

        message(L_LOG, "reloading /etc/inittab");

        /* Disable old entries */
        for (a = G.init_action_list; a; a = a->next)
                a->action_type = 0;

        /* Append new entries, or modify existing entries
         * (incl. setting a->action_type) if cmd and device name
         * match new ones. End result: only entries with
         * a->action_type == 0 are stale.
         */
        parse_inittab();

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_KILL_REMOVED
        /* Kill stale entries */
        /* Be nice and send SIGTERM first */
        for (a = G.init_action_list; a; a = a->next)
                if (a->action_type == 0 && a->pid != 0)
                        kill(a->pid, SIGTERM);
        if (CONFIG_FEATURE_KILL_DELAY) {
                /* NB: parent will wait in NOMMU case */
                if ((BB_MMU ? fork() : vfork()) == 0) { /* child */
                        sleep(CONFIG_FEATURE_KILL_DELAY);
                        for (a = G.init_action_list; a; a = a->next)
                                if (a->action_type == 0 && a->pid != 0)
                                        kill(a->pid, SIGKILL);
                        _exit_SUCCESS();
                }
        }
#endif

        /* Remove stale entries and SYSINIT entries.
         * We never rerun SYSINIT entries anyway,
         * removing them too saves a few bytes
         */
        nextp = &G.init_action_list;
        while ((a = *nextp) != NULL) {
                /*
                 * Why pid == 0 check?
                 * Process can be removed from inittab and added *later*.
                 * If we delete its entry but process still runs,
                 * duplicate is spawned when the entry is re-added.
                 */
                if ((a->action_type & ~SYSINIT) == 0 && a->pid == 0) {
                        *nextp = a->next;
                        free(a);
                } else {
                        nextp = &a->next;
                }
        }

        /* Not needed: */
        /* run_actions(RESPAWN | ASKFIRST); */
        /* - we return to main loop, which does this automagically */
}
#endif

static void check_delayed_sigs(struct timespec *ts)
{
        int sig = sigtimedwait(&G.delayed_sigset, /* siginfo_t */ NULL, ts);
        if (sig <= 0)
                return;

        /* The signal "sig" was caught */

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB
        if (sig == SIGHUP)
                reload_inittab();
#endif
        if (sig == SIGINT)
                run_actions(CTRLALTDEL);
        if (sig == SIGQUIT) {
                exec_restart_action();
                /* returns only if no restart action defined */
        }
        if ((1 << sig) & (0
#ifdef SIGPWR
            | (1 << SIGPWR)
#endif
            | (1 << SIGUSR1)
            | (1 << SIGUSR2)
            | (1 << SIGTERM)
        )) {
                halt_reboot_pwoff(sig);
        }
        /* if (sig == SIGCHLD) do nothing */
}

#if DEBUG_SEGV_HANDLER
static void handle_sigsegv(int sig, siginfo_t *info, void *ucontext)
{
        long ip;
        ucontext_t *uc;

        uc = ucontext;
        ip = uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EIP];
        fdprintf(2, "signal:%d address:0x%lx ip:0x%lx\n",
                        sig,
                        /* this is void*, but using %p would print "(null)"
                         * even for ptrs which are not exactly 0, but, say, 0x123:
                         */
                        (long)info->si_addr,
                        ip);
        {
                /* glibc extension */
                void *array[50];
                int size;
                size = backtrace(array, 50);
                backtrace_symbols_fd(array, size, 2);
        }
        for (;;) sleep(9999);
}
#endif

static void sleep_much(void)
{
        sleep(30 * 24*60*60);
}

int init_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
int init_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
{
        struct sigaction sa;

        INIT_G();

        /* Some users send poweroff signals to init VERY early.
         * To handle this, mask signals early.
         */
        /* sigemptyset(&G.delayed_sigset); - done by INIT_G() */
        sigaddset(&G.delayed_sigset, SIGINT);  /* Ctrl-Alt-Del */
        sigaddset(&G.delayed_sigset, SIGQUIT); /* re-exec another init */
#ifdef SIGPWR
        sigaddset(&G.delayed_sigset, SIGPWR);  /* halt */
#endif
        sigaddset(&G.delayed_sigset, SIGUSR1); /* halt */
        sigaddset(&G.delayed_sigset, SIGTERM); /* reboot */
        sigaddset(&G.delayed_sigset, SIGUSR2); /* poweroff */
#if ENABLE_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB
        sigaddset(&G.delayed_sigset, SIGHUP);  /* reread /etc/inittab */
#endif
        sigaddset(&G.delayed_sigset, SIGCHLD); /* make sigtimedwait() exit on SIGCHLD */
        sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &G.delayed_sigset, NULL);

#if DEBUG_SEGV_HANDLER
        memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
        sa.sa_sigaction = handle_sigsegv;
        sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
        sigaction_set(SIGSEGV, &sa);
        sigaction_set(SIGILL, &sa);
        sigaction_set(SIGFPE, &sa);
        sigaction_set(SIGBUS, &sa);
#endif

        if (argv[1] && strcmp(argv[1], "-q") == 0) {
                return kill(1, SIGHUP);
        }

#if !DEBUG_INIT
        /* Expect to be invoked as init with PID=1 or be invoked as linuxrc */
        if (getpid() != 1
         && (!ENABLE_LINUXRC || applet_name[0] != 'l') /* not linuxrc? */
        ) {
                bb_simple_error_msg_and_die("must be run as PID 1");
        }

# ifdef RB_DISABLE_CAD
        /* Turn off rebooting via CTL-ALT-DEL - we get a
         * SIGINT on CAD so we can shut things down gracefully... */
        reboot(RB_DISABLE_CAD); /* misnomer */
# endif
#endif

        /* If, say, xmalloc would ever die, we don't want to oops kernel
         * by exiting.
         * NB: we set die_func *after* PID 1 check and bb_show_usage.
         * Otherwise, for example, "init u" ("please rexec yourself"
         * command for sysvinit) will show help text (which isn't too bad),
         * *and sleep forever* (which is bad!)
         */
        die_func = sleep_much;

        /* Figure out where the default console should be */
        console_init();
        set_sane_term();
        xchdir("/");
        setsid();

        /* Make sure environs is set to something sane */
        putenv((char *) bb_PATH_root_path);
        putenv((char *) "SHELL=/bin/sh");
        putenv((char *) "USER=root"); /* needed? why? */
        /* Linux kernel sets HOME="/" when execing init,
         * and it can be overridden (but not unset?) on kernel's command line.
         * We used to set it to "/" here, but now we do not:
         */
        //putenv((char *) "HOME=/");

        if (argv[1])
                xsetenv("RUNLEVEL", argv[1]);

#if !ENABLE_FEATURE_INIT_QUIET
        /* Hello world */
        message(L_CONSOLE | L_LOG, "init started: %s", bb_banner);
#endif

        /* Check if we are supposed to be in single user mode */
        if (argv[1]
         && (strcmp(argv[1], "single") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-s") == 0 || LONE_CHAR(argv[1], '1'))
        ) {
                /* ??? shouldn't we set RUNLEVEL="b" here? */
                /* Start a shell on console */
                new_init_action(RESPAWN, bb_default_login_shell, "");
        } else {
                /* Not in single user mode - see what inittab says */

                /* NOTE that if CONFIG_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB is NOT defined,
                 * then parse_inittab() simply adds in some default
                 * actions (i.e., INIT_SCRIPT and a pair
                 * of "askfirst" shells) */
                parse_inittab();
        }

#if ENABLE_SELINUX
        if (getenv("SELINUX_INIT") == NULL) {
                int enforce = 0;

                putenv((char*)"SELINUX_INIT=YES");
                if (selinux_init_load_policy(&enforce) == 0) {
                        BB_EXECVP(argv[0], argv);
                } else if (enforce > 0) {
                        /* SELinux in enforcing mode but load_policy failed */
                        message(L_CONSOLE, "can't load SELinux Policy. "
                                "Machine is in enforcing mode. Halting now.");
                        return EXIT_FAILURE;
                }
        }
#endif

#if ENABLE_FEATURE_INIT_MODIFY_CMDLINE
        /* Make the command line just say "init"  - that's all, nothing else */
        strncpy(argv[0], "init", strlen(argv[0]));
        /* Wipe argv[1]-argv[N] so they don't clutter the ps listing */
        while (*++argv)
                nuke_str(*argv);
#endif

        /* Set up STOP signal handlers */
        /* Stop handler must allow only SIGCONT inside itself */
        memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
        sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask);
        sigdelset(&sa.sa_mask, SIGCONT);
        sa.sa_handler = stop_handler;
        sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
        sigaction_set(SIGTSTP, &sa); /* pause */
        /* Does not work as intended, at least in 2.6.20.
         * SIGSTOP is simply ignored by init
         * (NB: behavior might differ under strace):
         */
        sigaction_set(SIGSTOP, &sa); /* pause */

        /* Now run everything that needs to be run */
        /* First run the sysinit command */
        run_actions(SYSINIT);
        check_delayed_sigs(&G.zero_ts);
        /* Next run anything that wants to block */
        run_actions(WAIT);
        check_delayed_sigs(&G.zero_ts);
        /* Next run anything to be run only once */
        run_actions(ONCE);

        /* Now run the looping stuff for the rest of forever */
        while (1) {
                /* (Re)run the respawn/askfirst stuff */
                run_actions(RESPAWN | ASKFIRST);

                /* Wait for any signal (typically it's SIGCHLD) */
                check_delayed_sigs(NULL); /* NULL timespec makes it wait */

                /* Wait for any child process(es) to exit */
                while (1) {
                        pid_t wpid;
                        struct init_action *a;

                        wpid = waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG);
                        if (wpid <= 0)
                                break;

                        a = mark_terminated(wpid);
                        if (a) {
                                message(L_LOG, "process '%s' (pid %u) exited. "
                                                "Scheduling for restart.",
                                                a->command, (unsigned)wpid);
                        }
                }

                /* Don't consume all CPU time - sleep a bit */
                sleep1();
        } /* while (1) */
}

//usage:#define linuxrc_trivial_usage NOUSAGE_STR
//usage:#define linuxrc_full_usage ""

//usage:#define init_trivial_usage
//usage:       ""
//usage:#define init_full_usage "\n\n"
//usage:       "Init is the first process started during boot. It never exits."
//usage:        IF_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB(
//usage:   "\n""It (re)spawns children according to /etc/inittab."
//usage:   "\n""Signals:"
//usage:   "\n""HUP: reload /etc/inittab"
//usage:        )
//usage:        IF_NOT_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB(
//usage:   "\n""This version of init doesn't use /etc/inittab,"
//usage:   "\n""has fixed set of processed to run."
//usage:   "\n""Signals:"
//usage:        )
//usage:   "\n""TSTP: stop respawning until CONT"
//usage:   "\n""QUIT: re-exec another init"
//usage:   "\n""USR1/TERM/USR2/INT: run halt/reboot/poweroff/Ctrl-Alt-Del script"
//usage:
//usage:#define init_notes_usage
//usage:        "This version of init is designed to be run only by the kernel.\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The runlevels field of\n"
//usage:        "the /etc/inittab file is completely ignored by BusyBox init. If you want\n"
//usage:        "runlevels, use sysvinit.\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no inittab is found,\n"
//usage:        "it has the following default behavior:\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "       ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS\n"
//usage:        "       ::askfirst:/bin/sh\n"
//usage:        "       ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot\n"
//usage:        "       ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a\n"
//usage:        "       ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r\n"
//usage:        "       ::restart:/sbin/init\n"
//usage:        "       tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh\n"
//usage:        "       tty3::askfirst:/bin/sh\n"
//usage:        "       tty4::askfirst:/bin/sh\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry format is as follows:\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "       <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "       <id>:\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "               WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init!\n"
//usage:        "               The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for\n"
//usage:        "               the specified process to run on. The contents of this field are\n"
//usage:        "               appended to \"/dev/\" and used as-is. There is no need for this field to\n"
//usage:        "               be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results. If this\n"
//usage:        "               field is left blank, then the init's stdin/out will be used.\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "       <runlevels>:\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "               The runlevels field is completely ignored.\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "       <action>:\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "               Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait,\n"
//usage:        "               once, restart, ctrlaltdel, and shutdown.\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "               The available actions can be classified into two groups: actions\n"
//usage:        "               that are run only once, and actions that are re-run when the specified\n"
//usage:        "               process exits.\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "               Run only-once actions:\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "                       'sysinit' is the first item run on boot. init waits until all\n"
//usage:        "                       sysinit actions are completed before continuing. Following the\n"
//usage:        "                       completion of all sysinit actions, all 'wait' actions are run.\n"
//usage:        "                       'wait' actions, like 'sysinit' actions, cause init to wait until\n"
//usage:        "                       the specified task completes. 'once' actions are asynchronous,\n"
//usage:        "                       therefore, init does not wait for them to complete. 'restart' is\n"
//usage:        "                       the action taken to restart the init process. By default this should\n"
//usage:        "                       simply run /sbin/init, but can be a script which runs pivot_root or it\n"
//usage:        "                       can do all sorts of other interesting things. The 'ctrlaltdel' init\n"
//usage:        "                       actions are run when the system detects that someone on the system\n"
//usage:        "                       console has pressed the CTRL-ALT-DEL key combination. Typically one\n"
//usage:        "                       wants to run 'reboot' at this point to cause the system to reboot.\n"
//usage:        "                       Finally the 'shutdown' action specifies the actions to taken when\n"
//usage:        "                       init is told to reboot. Unmounting filesystems and disabling swap\n"
//usage:        "                       is a very good here.\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "               Run repeatedly actions:\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "                       'respawn' actions are run after the 'once' actions. When a process\n"
//usage:        "                       started with a 'respawn' action exits, init automatically restarts\n"
//usage:        "                       it. Unlike sysvinit, BusyBox init does not stop processes from\n"
//usage:        "                       respawning out of control. The 'askfirst' actions acts just like\n"
//usage:        "                       respawn, except that before running the specified process it\n"
//usage:        "                       displays the line \"Please press Enter to activate this console.\"\n"
//usage:        "                       and then waits for the user to press enter before starting the\n"
//usage:        "                       specified process.\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "               Unrecognized actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit an\n"
//usage:        "               error message, and then go along with its business. All actions are\n"
//usage:        "               run in the order they appear in /etc/inittab.\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "       <process>:\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "               Specifies the process to be executed and its command line.\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "Example /etc/inittab file:\n"
//usage:        "\n"
//usage:        "       # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode\n"
//usage:        "       #\n"
//usage:        "       ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS\n"
//usage:        "       \n"
//usage:        "       # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys\n"
//usage:        "       #\n"
//usage:        "       # Start an \"askfirst\" shell on the console (whatever that may be)\n"
//usage:        "       ::askfirst:-/bin/sh\n"
//usage:        "       # Start an \"askfirst\" shell on /dev/tty2-4\n"
//usage:        "       tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh\n"
//usage:        "       tty3::askfirst:-/bin/sh\n"
//usage:        "       tty4::askfirst:-/bin/sh\n"
//usage:        "       \n"
//usage:        "       # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys\n"
//usage:        "       #\n"
//usage:        "       tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4\n"
//usage:        "       tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5\n"
//usage:        "       \n"
//usage:        "       \n"
//usage:        "       # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)\n"
//usage:        "       #\n"
//usage:        "       #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100\n"
//usage:        "       #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100\n"
//usage:        "       #\n"
//usage:        "       # Example how to put a getty on a modem line\n"
//usage:        "       #::respawn:/sbin/getty 57600 ttyS2\n"
//usage:        "       \n"
//usage:        "       # Stuff to do when restarting the init process\n"
//usage:        "       ::restart:/sbin/init\n"
//usage:        "       \n"
//usage:        "       # Stuff to do before rebooting\n"
//usage:        "       ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot\n"
//usage:        "       ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r\n"
//usage:        "       ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a\n"