1 /* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
3 * Mini less implementation for busybox
5 * Copyright (C) 2005 by Rob Sullivan <cogito.ergo.cogito@gmail.com>
7 * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
11 * - Add more regular expression support - search modifiers, certain matches, etc.
12 * - Add more complex bracket searching - currently, nested brackets are
14 * - Add support for "F" as an input. This causes less to act in
15 * a similar way to tail -f.
16 * - Allow horizontal scrolling.
19 * - the inp file pointer is used so that keyboard input works after
20 * redirected input has been read from stdin
23 //config: bool "less (16 kb)"
26 //config: 'less' is a pager, meaning that it displays text files. It possesses
27 //config: a wide array of features, and is an improvement over 'more'.
29 //config:config FEATURE_LESS_MAXLINES
30 //config: int "Max number of input lines less will try to eat"
31 //config: default 9999999
32 //config: depends on LESS
34 //config:config FEATURE_LESS_BRACKETS
35 //config: bool "Enable bracket searching"
37 //config: depends on LESS
39 //config: This option adds the capability to search for matching left and right
40 //config: brackets, facilitating programming.
42 //config:config FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS
43 //config: bool "Enable -m/-M"
45 //config: depends on LESS
47 //config: The -M/-m flag enables a more sophisticated status line.
49 //config:config FEATURE_LESS_TRUNCATE
50 //config: bool "Enable -S"
52 //config: depends on LESS
54 //config: The -S flag causes long lines to be truncated rather than
57 //config:config FEATURE_LESS_MARKS
58 //config: bool "Enable marks"
60 //config: depends on LESS
62 //config: Marks enable positions in a file to be stored for easy reference.
64 //config:config FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
65 //config: bool "Enable regular expressions"
67 //config: depends on LESS
69 //config: Enable regular expressions, allowing complex file searches.
71 //config:config FEATURE_LESS_WINCH
72 //config: bool "Enable automatic resizing on window size changes"
74 //config: depends on LESS
76 //config: Makes less track window size changes.
78 //config:config FEATURE_LESS_ASK_TERMINAL
79 //config: bool "Use 'tell me cursor position' ESC sequence to measure window"
81 //config: depends on FEATURE_LESS_WINCH
83 //config: Makes less track window size changes.
84 //config: If terminal size can't be retrieved and $LINES/$COLUMNS are not set,
85 //config: this option makes less perform a last-ditch effort to find it:
86 //config: position cursor to 999,999 and ask terminal to report real
87 //config: cursor position using "ESC [ 6 n" escape sequence, then read stdin.
88 //config: This is not clean but helps a lot on serial lines and such.
90 //config:config FEATURE_LESS_DASHCMD
91 //config: bool "Enable flag changes ('-' command)"
93 //config: depends on LESS
95 //config: This enables the ability to change command-line flags within
96 //config: less itself ('-' keyboard command).
98 //config:config FEATURE_LESS_LINENUMS
99 //config: bool "Enable -N (dynamic switching of line numbers)"
101 //config: depends on FEATURE_LESS_DASHCMD
103 //config:config FEATURE_LESS_RAW
104 //config: bool "Enable -R ('raw control characters')"
106 //config: depends on FEATURE_LESS_DASHCMD
108 //config: This is essential for less applet to work with tools that use colors
109 //config: and paging, such as git, systemd tools or nmcli.
111 //config:config FEATURE_LESS_ENV
112 //config: bool "Take options from $LESS environment variable"
114 //config: depends on FEATURE_LESS_DASHCMD
116 //config: This is essential for less applet to work with tools that use colors
117 //config: and paging, such as git, systemd tools or nmcli.
119 //applet:IF_LESS(APPLET(less, BB_DIR_USR_BIN, BB_SUID_DROP))
121 //kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_LESS) += less.o
123 //usage:#define less_trivial_usage
124 //usage: "[-EF" IF_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP("I")IF_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS("Mm")
125 //usage: "N" IF_FEATURE_LESS_TRUNCATE("S") IF_FEATURE_LESS_RAW("R") "h~] [FILE]..."
126 //usage:#define less_full_usage "\n\n"
127 //usage: "View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time\n"
128 //usage: "\n -E Quit once the end of a file is reached"
129 //usage: "\n -F Quit if entire file fits on first screen"
130 //usage: IF_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP(
131 //usage: "\n -I Ignore case in all searches"
133 //usage: IF_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS(
134 //usage: "\n -M,-m Display status line with line numbers"
135 //usage: "\n and percentage through the file"
137 //usage: "\n -N Prefix line number to each line"
138 //usage: IF_FEATURE_LESS_TRUNCATE(
139 //usage: "\n -S Truncate long lines"
141 //usage: IF_FEATURE_LESS_RAW(
142 //usage: "\n -R Remove color escape codes in input"
144 //usage: "\n -~ Suppress ~s displayed past EOF"
146 #include <sched.h> /* sched_yield() */
149 #include "common_bufsiz.h"
150 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
156 /* The escape codes for highlighted and normal text */
157 #define HIGHLIGHT ESC"[7m"
158 #define NORMAL ESC"[m"
159 /* The escape code to home and clear to the end of screen */
160 #define CLEAR ESC"[H"ESC"[J"
161 /* The escape code to clear to the end of line */
162 #define CLEAR_2_EOL ESC"[K"
165 /* Absolute max of lines eaten */
166 MAXLINES
= CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_MAXLINES
,
167 /* This many "after the end" lines we will show (at max) */
171 /* Command line options */
180 FLAG_S
= (1 << 7) * ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_TRUNCATE
,
181 FLAG_R
= (1 << 8) * ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_RAW
,
182 /* hijack command line options variable for internal state vars */
183 LESS_STATE_MATCH_BACKWARDS
= 1 << 15,
186 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
187 enum { pattern_valid
= 0 };
191 int cur_fline
; /* signed */
192 int kbd_fd
; /* fd to get input from */
193 int kbd_fd_orig_flags
;
195 /* last position in last line, taking into account tabs */
196 size_t last_line_pos
;
198 unsigned max_lineno
; /* this one tracks linewrap */
199 unsigned max_displayed_line
;
201 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_WINCH
202 unsigned winch_counter
;
204 ssize_t eof_error
; /* eof if 0, error if < 0 */
206 ssize_t readeof
; /* must be signed */
209 const char *empty_line_marker
;
211 unsigned current_file
;
214 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS
215 int num_lines
; /* a flag if < 0, line count if >= 0 */
216 # define REOPEN_AND_COUNT (-1)
217 # define REOPEN_STDIN (-2)
218 # define NOT_REGULAR_FILE (-3)
220 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_MARKS
222 unsigned mark_lines
[15][2];
224 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
225 unsigned *match_lines
;
226 int match_pos
; /* signed! */
227 int wanted_match
; /* signed! */
230 smallint pattern_valid
;
232 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_RAW
235 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_ASK_TERMINAL
236 smallint winsize_err
;
239 struct termios term_orig
, term_less
;
240 char kbd_input
[KEYCODE_BUFFER_SIZE
];
242 #define G (*ptr_to_globals)
243 #define cur_fline (G.cur_fline )
244 #define kbd_fd (G.kbd_fd )
245 #define less_gets_pos (G.less_gets_pos )
246 #define last_line_pos (G.last_line_pos )
247 #define max_fline (G.max_fline )
248 #define max_lineno (G.max_lineno )
249 #define max_displayed_line (G.max_displayed_line)
250 #define width (G.width )
251 #define winch_counter (G.winch_counter )
252 /* This one is 100% not cached by compiler on read access */
253 #define WINCH_COUNTER (*(volatile unsigned *)&winch_counter)
254 #define eof_error (G.eof_error )
255 #define readpos (G.readpos )
256 #define readeof (G.readeof )
257 #define buffer (G.buffer )
258 #define flines (G.flines )
259 #define empty_line_marker (G.empty_line_marker )
260 #define num_files (G.num_files )
261 #define current_file (G.current_file )
262 #define filename (G.filename )
263 #define files (G.files )
264 #define num_lines (G.num_lines )
265 #define num_marks (G.num_marks )
266 #define mark_lines (G.mark_lines )
267 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
268 #define match_lines (G.match_lines )
269 #define match_pos (G.match_pos )
270 #define num_matches (G.num_matches )
271 #define wanted_match (G.wanted_match )
272 #define pattern (G.pattern )
273 #define pattern_valid (G.pattern_valid )
275 #define terminated (G.terminated )
276 #define term_orig (G.term_orig )
277 #define term_less (G.term_less )
278 #define kbd_input (G.kbd_input )
279 #define INIT_G() do { \
280 SET_PTR_TO_GLOBALS(xzalloc(sizeof(G))); \
281 less_gets_pos = -1; \
282 empty_line_marker = "~"; \
286 IF_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP(wanted_match = -1;) \
289 /* flines[] are lines read from stdin, each in malloc'ed buffer.
290 * Line numbers are stored as uint32_t prepended to each line.
291 * Pointer is adjusted so that flines[i] points directly past
292 * line number. Accessor: */
293 #define MEMPTR(p) ((char*)(p) - 4)
294 #define LINENO(p) (*(uint32_t*)((p) - 4))
297 /* Reset terminal input to normal */
298 static void set_tty_cooked(void)
301 tcsetattr(kbd_fd
, TCSANOW
, &term_orig
);
304 /* Move the cursor to a position (x,y), where (0,0) is the
305 top-left corner of the console */
306 static void move_cursor(int line
, int col
)
308 printf(ESC
"[%u;%uH", line
, col
);
311 static void clear_line(void)
313 printf(ESC
"[%u;0H" CLEAR_2_EOL
, max_displayed_line
+ 2);
316 static void print_hilite(const char *str
)
318 printf(HIGHLIGHT
"%s"NORMAL
, str
);
321 static void print_statusline(const char *str
)
324 printf(HIGHLIGHT
"%.*s"NORMAL
, width
- 1, str
);
327 /* Exit the program gracefully */
328 static void restore_tty(void)
331 if (!(G
.kbd_fd_orig_flags
& O_NONBLOCK
))
336 static NOINLINE
void less_exit(void)
342 #if (ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_DASHCMD && ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_LINENUMS) \
343 || ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_WINCH
344 static void re_wrap(void)
350 int new_cur_fline
= 0;
353 const char **old_flines
= flines
;
355 char **new_flines
= NULL
;
358 if (option_mask32
& FLAG_N
)
371 if (*d
== '\t') { /* tab */
373 new_line_pos
&= (~7);
377 if (new_line_pos
>= w
) {
379 /* new line is full, create next one */
382 sz
= (d
- linebuf
) + 1; /* + 1: NUL */
383 d
= ((char*)xmalloc(sz
+ 4)) + 4;
385 memcpy(d
, linebuf
, sz
);
386 new_flines
= xrealloc_vector(new_flines
, 8, dst_idx
);
387 new_flines
[dst_idx
] = d
;
389 if (new_line_pos
< w
) {
390 /* if we came here thru "goto next_new" */
391 if (src_idx
> max_fline
)
400 /* *d == NUL: old line ended, go to next old one */
401 free(MEMPTR(old_flines
[src_idx
]));
402 /* btw, convert cur_fline... */
403 if (cur_fline
== src_idx
)
404 new_cur_fline
= dst_idx
;
406 /* no more lines? finish last new line (and exit the loop) */
407 if (src_idx
> max_fline
)
409 s
= old_flines
[src_idx
];
410 if (lineno
!= LINENO(s
)) {
411 /* this is not a continuation line!
412 * create next _new_ line too */
418 flines
= (const char **)new_flines
;
420 max_fline
= dst_idx
- 1;
421 last_line_pos
= new_line_pos
;
422 cur_fline
= new_cur_fline
;
423 /* max_lineno is screen-size independent */
424 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
430 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
431 static void fill_match_lines(unsigned pos
);
433 #define fill_match_lines(pos) ((void)0)
436 static int at_end(void)
438 return (option_mask32
& FLAG_S
)
439 ? !(cur_fline
<= max_fline
&&
440 max_lineno
> LINENO(flines
[cur_fline
]) + max_displayed_line
)
441 : !(max_fline
> cur_fline
+ max_displayed_line
);
444 /* Devilishly complex routine.
446 * Has to deal with EOF and EPIPE on input,
447 * with line wrapping, with last line not ending in '\n'
448 * (possibly not ending YET!), with backspace and tabs.
449 * It reads input again if last time we got an EOF (thus supporting
450 * growing files) or EPIPE (watching output of slow process like make).
453 * flines[] - array of lines already read. Linewrap may cause
454 * one source file line to occupy several flines[n].
455 * flines[max_fline] - last line, possibly incomplete.
456 * terminated - 1 if flines[max_fline] is 'terminated'
457 * (if there was '\n' [which isn't stored itself, we just remember
459 * max_lineno - last line's number, this one doesn't increment
460 * on line wrap, only on "real" new lines.
461 * readbuf[0..readeof-1] - small preliminary buffer.
462 * readbuf[readpos] - next character to add to current line.
463 * last_line_pos - screen line position of next char to be read
464 * (takes into account tabs and backspaces)
465 * eof_error - < 0 error, == 0 EOF, > 0 not EOF/error
467 * "git log -p | less -m" on the kernel git tree is a good test for EAGAINs,
468 * "/search on very long input" and "reaching max line count" corner cases.
470 static void read_lines(void)
472 char *current_line
, *p
;
474 char last_terminated
= terminated
;
475 time_t last_time
= 0;
476 int retry_EAGAIN
= 2;
477 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
478 unsigned old_max_fline
= max_fline
;
481 #define readbuf bb_common_bufsiz1
482 setup_common_bufsiz();
484 /* (careful: max_fline can be -1) */
485 if (max_fline
+ 1 > MAXLINES
)
488 if (option_mask32
& FLAG_N
)
491 p
= current_line
= ((char*)xmalloc(w
+ 5)) + 4;
492 if (!last_terminated
) {
493 const char *cp
= flines
[max_fline
];
496 /* last_line_pos is still valid from previous read_lines() */
502 while (1) { /* read lines until we reach cur_fline or wanted_match */
505 while (1) { /* read chars until we have a line */
507 /* if no unprocessed chars left, eat more */
508 if (readpos
>= readeof
) {
509 int flags
= ndelay_on(0);
515 eof_error
= safe_read(STDIN_FILENO
, readbuf
, COMMON_BUFSIZE
);
519 if (t
!= last_time
) {
521 if (--retry_EAGAIN
< 0)
526 fcntl(0, F_SETFL
, flags
); /* ndelay_off(0) */
533 c
= readbuf
[readpos
];
534 /* backspace? [needed for manpages] */
535 /* <tab><bs> is (a) insane and */
536 /* (b) harder to do correctly, so we refuse to do it */
537 if (c
== '\x8' && last_line_pos
&& p
[-1] != '\t') {
538 readpos
++; /* eat it */
540 /* was buggy (p could end up <= current_line)... */
544 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_RAW
545 if (option_mask32
& FLAG_R
) {
555 G
.in_escape
= (c
!= 'm');
559 /* Hmm, unexpected end of "ESC [ N ; N m" sequence */
565 size_t new_last_line_pos
= last_line_pos
+ 1;
567 new_last_line_pos
+= 7;
568 new_last_line_pos
&= (~7);
570 if ((int)new_last_line_pos
> w
)
572 last_line_pos
= new_last_line_pos
;
574 /* ok, we will eat this char */
581 /* NUL is substituted by '\n'! */
582 if (c
== '\0') c
= '\n';
585 } /* end of "read chars until we have a line" loop */
587 //BUG: also triggers on this:
588 // { printf "\nfoo\n"; sleep 1; printf "\nbar\n"; } | less
589 // (resulting in lost empty line between "foo" and "bar" lines)
590 // the "terminated" logic needs fixing (or explaining)
591 /* Corner case: linewrap with only "" wrapping to next line */
592 /* Looks ugly on screen, so we do not store this empty line */
593 if (!last_terminated
&& !current_line
[0]) {
600 last_terminated
= terminated
;
601 flines
= xrealloc_vector(flines
, 8, max_fline
);
603 flines
[max_fline
] = (char*)xrealloc(MEMPTR(current_line
), strlen(current_line
) + 1 + 4) + 4;
604 LINENO(flines
[max_fline
]) = max_lineno
;
608 if (max_fline
>= MAXLINES
) {
609 eof_error
= 0; /* Pretend we saw EOF */
613 #if !ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
616 if (wanted_match
>= num_matches
) { /* goto_match called us */
617 fill_match_lines(old_max_fline
);
618 old_max_fline
= max_fline
;
620 if (wanted_match
< num_matches
)
624 if (eof_error
<= 0) {
628 current_line
= ((char*)xmalloc(w
+ 5)) + 4;
631 } /* end of "read lines until we reach cur_fline" loop */
634 if (errno
== EAGAIN
) {
637 print_statusline(bb_msg_read_error
);
640 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS
641 else if (eof_error
== 0)
642 num_lines
= max_lineno
;
645 fill_match_lines(old_max_fline
);
646 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
647 /* prevent us from being stuck in search for a match */
653 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS
654 static int safe_lineno(int fline
)
656 if (fline
>= max_fline
)
657 fline
= max_fline
- 1;
659 /* also catches empty file (max_fline == 0) */
663 return LINENO(flines
[fline
]) + 1;
666 /* count number of lines in file */
667 static void update_num_lines(void)
674 /* only do this for regular files */
675 if (num_lines
== REOPEN_AND_COUNT
|| num_lines
== REOPEN_STDIN
) {
677 fd
= open("/proc/self/fd/0", O_RDONLY
);
678 if (fd
< 0 && num_lines
== REOPEN_AND_COUNT
) {
679 /* "filename" is valid only if REOPEN_AND_COUNT */
680 fd
= open(filename
, O_RDONLY
);
683 /* somebody stole my file! */
684 num_lines
= NOT_REGULAR_FILE
;
687 if (fstat(fd
, &stbuf
) != 0 || !S_ISREG(stbuf
.st_mode
)) {
688 num_lines
= NOT_REGULAR_FILE
;
691 while ((len
= safe_read(fd
, buf
, sizeof(buf
))) > 0) {
692 for (i
= 0; i
< len
; ++i
) {
693 if (buf
[i
] == '\n' && ++count
== MAXLINES
)
704 /* Print a status line if -M was specified */
705 static void m_status_print(void)
710 if (less_gets_pos
>= 0) /* don't touch statusline while input is done! */
714 printf(HIGHLIGHT
"%s", filename
);
716 printf(" (file %i of %i)", current_file
, num_files
);
718 first
= safe_lineno(cur_fline
);
719 last
= (option_mask32
& FLAG_S
)
720 ? MIN(first
+ max_displayed_line
, max_lineno
)
721 : safe_lineno(cur_fline
+ max_displayed_line
);
722 printf(" lines %i-%i", first
, last
);
726 printf("/%i", num_lines
);
730 if (num_files
> 1 && current_file
!= num_files
)
731 printf(" - next: %s", files
[current_file
]);
732 } else if (num_lines
> 0) {
733 percent
= (100 * last
+ num_lines
/2) / num_lines
;
734 printf(" %i%%", percent
<= 100 ? percent
: 100);
740 /* Print the status line */
741 static void status_print(void)
745 if (less_gets_pos
>= 0) /* don't touch statusline while input is done! */
748 /* Change the status if flags have been set */
749 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS
750 if (option_mask32
& (FLAG_M
|FLAG_m
)) {
758 if (cur_fline
&& !at_end()) {
766 printf(HIGHLIGHT
"%s (file %i of %i)"NORMAL
,
767 p
, current_file
, num_files
);
773 static const char controls
[] ALIGN1
=
774 /* NUL: never encountered; TAB: not converted */
775 /**/"\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08" "\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\x0e\x0f"
776 "\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1a\x1b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f"
777 "\x7f\x9b"; /* DEL and infamous Meta-ESC :( */
778 static const char ctrlconv
[] ALIGN1
=
779 /* why 40 instead of 4a below? - it is a replacement for '\n'.
780 * '\n' is a former NUL - we subst it with @, not J */
781 "\x40\x41\x42\x43\x44\x45\x46\x47\x48\x49\x40\x4b\x4c\x4d\x4e\x4f"
782 "\x50\x51\x52\x53\x54\x55\x56\x57\x58\x59\x5a\x5b\x5c\x5d\x5e\x5f";
784 static void print_lineno(const char *line
)
786 const char *fmt
= " ";
787 unsigned n
= n
; /* for compiler */
789 if (line
!= empty_line_marker
) {
790 /* Width of 7 preserves tab spacing in the text */
792 n
= LINENO(line
) + 1;
793 if (n
> 9999999 && MAXLINES
> 9999999) {
802 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
803 static void print_found(const char *line
)
808 regmatch_t match_structs
;
811 const char *str
= line
;
816 n
= strcspn(str
, controls
);
823 n
= strspn(str
, controls
);
830 /* buf[] holds quarantined version of str */
832 /* Each part of the line that matches has the HIGHLIGHT
833 * and NORMAL escape sequences placed around it.
834 * NB: we regex against line, but insert text
835 * from quarantined copy (buf[]) */
841 while (match_status
== 0) {
842 char *new = xasprintf("%s%.*s"HIGHLIGHT
"%.*s"NORMAL
,
843 growline
? growline
: "",
844 (int)match_structs
.rm_so
, str
,
845 (int)(match_structs
.rm_eo
- match_structs
.rm_so
),
846 str
+ match_structs
.rm_so
);
849 str
+= match_structs
.rm_eo
;
850 line
+= match_structs
.rm_eo
;
853 /* Most of the time doesn't find the regex, optimize for that */
854 match_status
= regexec(&pattern
, line
, 1, &match_structs
, eflags
);
855 /* if even "" matches, treat it as "not a match" */
856 if (match_structs
.rm_so
>= match_structs
.rm_eo
)
860 printf("%s%s\n", growline
? growline
: "", str
);
864 void print_found(const char *line
);
867 static void print_ascii(const char *str
)
874 n
= strcspn(str
, controls
);
877 printf("%.*s", (int) n
, str
);
880 n
= strspn(str
, controls
);
885 else if (*str
== (char)0x9b)
886 /* VT100's CSI, aka Meta-ESC. Who's inventor? */
887 /* I want to know who committed this sin */
890 *p
++ = ctrlconv
[(unsigned char)*str
];
899 /* Print the buffer */
900 static void buffer_print(void)
905 for (i
= 0; i
<= max_displayed_line
; i
++) {
907 if (option_mask32
& FLAG_N
)
908 print_lineno(buffer
[i
]);
910 print_found(buffer
[i
]);
912 print_ascii(buffer
[i
]);
914 if ((option_mask32
& (FLAG_E
|FLAG_F
))
917 i
= option_mask32
& FLAG_F
? 0 : cur_fline
;
918 if (max_fline
- i
<= max_displayed_line
)
924 static void buffer_fill_and_print(void)
927 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_TRUNCATE
928 int fpos
= cur_fline
;
930 if (option_mask32
& FLAG_S
) {
931 /* Go back to the beginning of this line */
932 while (fpos
&& LINENO(flines
[fpos
]) == LINENO(flines
[fpos
-1]))
937 while (i
<= max_displayed_line
&& fpos
<= max_fline
) {
938 int lineno
= LINENO(flines
[fpos
]);
939 buffer
[i
] = flines
[fpos
];
943 } while ((fpos
<= max_fline
)
944 && (option_mask32
& FLAG_S
)
945 && lineno
== LINENO(flines
[fpos
])
949 for (i
= 0; i
<= max_displayed_line
&& cur_fline
+ i
<= max_fline
; i
++) {
950 buffer
[i
] = flines
[cur_fline
+ i
];
953 for (; i
<= max_displayed_line
; i
++) {
954 buffer
[i
] = empty_line_marker
;
959 /* move cur_fline to a given line number, reading lines if necessary */
960 static void goto_lineno(int target
)
965 else if (target
> LINENO(flines
[cur_fline
])) {
967 while (LINENO(flines
[cur_fline
]) != target
&& cur_fline
< max_fline
)
969 /* target not reached but more input is available */
970 if (LINENO(flines
[cur_fline
]) != target
&& eof_error
> 0) {
976 /* search backwards through already-read lines */
977 while (LINENO(flines
[cur_fline
]) != target
&& cur_fline
> 0)
982 static void cap_cur_fline(void)
984 if ((option_mask32
& FLAG_S
)) {
985 if (cur_fline
> max_fline
)
986 cur_fline
= max_fline
;
987 if (LINENO(flines
[cur_fline
]) + max_displayed_line
> max_lineno
+ TILDES
) {
988 goto_lineno(max_lineno
- max_displayed_line
+ TILDES
);
993 if (cur_fline
+ max_displayed_line
> max_fline
+ TILDES
)
994 cur_fline
= max_fline
- max_displayed_line
+ TILDES
;
1000 /* Move the buffer up and down in the file in order to scroll */
1001 static void buffer_down(int nlines
)
1003 if ((option_mask32
& FLAG_S
))
1004 goto_lineno(LINENO(flines
[cur_fline
]) + nlines
);
1006 cur_fline
+= nlines
;
1009 buffer_fill_and_print();
1012 static void buffer_up(int nlines
)
1014 if ((option_mask32
& FLAG_S
)) {
1015 goto_lineno(LINENO(flines
[cur_fline
]) - nlines
);
1018 cur_fline
-= nlines
;
1023 buffer_fill_and_print();
1026 /* display a given line where the argument can be either an index into
1027 * the flines array or a line number */
1028 static void buffer_to_line(int linenum
, int is_lineno
)
1033 goto_lineno(linenum
);
1035 cur_fline
= linenum
;
1038 buffer_fill_and_print();
1041 static void buffer_line(int linenum
)
1043 buffer_to_line(linenum
, FALSE
);
1046 static void buffer_lineno(int lineno
)
1048 buffer_to_line(lineno
, TRUE
);
1051 static void open_file_and_read_lines(void)
1054 xmove_fd(xopen(filename
, O_RDONLY
), STDIN_FILENO
);
1055 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS
1056 num_lines
= REOPEN_AND_COUNT
;
1059 /* "less" with no arguments in argv[] */
1060 /* For status line only */
1061 filename
= xstrdup(bb_msg_standard_input
);
1062 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS
1063 num_lines
= REOPEN_STDIN
;
1073 /* Reinitialize everything for a new file - free the memory and start over */
1074 static void reinitialize(void)
1079 for (i
= 0; i
<= max_fline
; i
++)
1080 free(MEMPTR(flines
[i
]));
1088 open_file_and_read_lines();
1089 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_ASK_TERMINAL
1091 printf(ESC
"[999;999H" ESC
"[6n");
1093 buffer_fill_and_print();
1096 static int64_t getch_nowait(void)
1100 struct pollfd pfd
[2];
1102 pfd
[0].fd
= STDIN_FILENO
;
1103 pfd
[0].events
= POLLIN
;
1105 pfd
[1].events
= POLLIN
;
1107 tcsetattr(kbd_fd
, TCSANOW
, &term_less
);
1108 /* NB: select/poll returns whenever read will not block. Therefore:
1109 * if eof is reached, select/poll will return immediately
1110 * because read will immediately return 0 bytes.
1111 * Even if select/poll says that input is available, read CAN block
1112 * (switch fd into O_NONBLOCK'ed mode to avoid it)
1115 /* Are we interested in stdin? */
1117 if (eof_error
> 0) /* did NOT reach eof yet */
1118 rd
= 0; /* yes, we are interested in stdin */
1120 /* Position cursor if line input is done */
1121 if (less_gets_pos
>= 0)
1122 move_cursor(max_displayed_line
+ 2, less_gets_pos
+ 1);
1125 if (kbd_input
[0] == 0) { /* if nothing is buffered */
1126 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_WINCH
1129 /* NB: SIGWINCH interrupts poll() */
1130 r
= poll(pfd
+ rd
, 2 - rd
, -1);
1131 if (/*r < 0 && errno == EINTR &&*/ winch_counter
)
1132 return '\\'; /* anything which has no defined function */
1136 safe_poll(pfd
+ rd
, 2 - rd
, -1);
1140 /* We have kbd_fd in O_NONBLOCK mode, read inside safe_read_key()
1141 * would not block even if there is no input available */
1142 key64
= safe_read_key(kbd_fd
, kbd_input
, /*timeout off:*/ -2);
1143 if ((int)key64
== -1) {
1144 if (errno
== EAGAIN
) {
1145 /* No keyboard input available. Since poll() did return,
1146 * we should have input on stdin */
1148 buffer_fill_and_print();
1151 /* EOF/error (ssh session got killed etc) */
1158 /* Grab a character from input without requiring the return key.
1159 * May return KEYCODE_xxx values.
1160 * Note that this function works best with raw input. */
1161 static int64_t less_getch(int pos
)
1167 less_gets_pos
= pos
;
1168 key
= key64
= getch_nowait();
1171 /* Discard Ctrl-something chars.
1172 * (checking only lower 32 bits is a size optimization:
1173 * upper 32 bits are used only by KEYCODE_CURSOR_POS)
1175 if (key
>= 0 && key
< ' ' && key
!= 0x0d && key
!= 8)
1181 static char* less_gets(int sz
)
1185 char *result
= xzalloc(1);
1189 less_gets_pos
= sz
+ i
;
1202 if (c
< ' ') /* filters out KEYCODE_xxx too (<0) */
1204 if (i
>= width
- sz
- 1)
1205 continue; /* len limit */
1208 result
= xrealloc(result
, i
+1);
1212 static void examine_file(void)
1216 print_statusline("Examine: ");
1217 new_fname
= less_gets(sizeof("Examine: ") - 1);
1218 if (!new_fname
[0]) {
1224 if (access(new_fname
, R_OK
) != 0) {
1225 print_statusline("Cannot read this file");
1229 filename
= new_fname
;
1230 /* files start by = argv. why we assume that argv is infinitely long??
1231 files[num_files] = filename;
1232 current_file = num_files + 1;
1234 files
[0] = filename
;
1235 num_files
= current_file
= 1;
1239 /* This function changes the file currently being paged. direction can be one of the following:
1240 * -1: go back one file
1241 * 0: go to the first file
1242 * 1: go forward one file */
1243 static void change_file(int direction
)
1245 if (current_file
!= ((direction
> 0) ? num_files
: 1)) {
1246 current_file
= direction
? current_file
+ direction
: 1;
1248 filename
= xstrdup(files
[current_file
- 1]);
1251 print_statusline(direction
> 0 ? "No next file" : "No previous file");
1255 static void remove_current_file(void)
1262 if (current_file
!= 1) {
1264 for (i
= 3; i
<= num_files
; i
++)
1265 files
[i
- 2] = files
[i
- 1];
1269 for (i
= 2; i
<= num_files
; i
++)
1270 files
[i
- 2] = files
[i
- 1];
1276 static void colon_process(void)
1280 /* Clear the current line and print a prompt */
1281 print_statusline(" :");
1283 keypress
= less_getch(2);
1286 remove_current_file();
1291 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS
1311 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
1312 static void normalize_match_pos(int match
)
1314 if (match
>= num_matches
)
1315 match
= num_matches
- 1;
1321 static void goto_match(int match
)
1327 /* Try to find next match if eof isn't reached yet */
1328 if (match
>= num_matches
&& eof_error
> 0) {
1329 wanted_match
= match
; /* "I want to read until I see N'th match" */
1333 normalize_match_pos(match
);
1334 buffer_line(match_lines
[match_pos
]);
1336 print_statusline("No matches found");
1340 static void fill_match_lines(unsigned pos
)
1344 /* Run the regex on each line of the current file */
1345 while (pos
<= max_fline
) {
1346 /* If this line matches */
1347 if (regexec(&pattern
, flines
[pos
], 0, NULL
, 0) == 0
1348 /* and we didn't match it last time */
1349 && !(num_matches
&& match_lines
[num_matches
-1] == pos
)
1351 match_lines
= xrealloc_vector(match_lines
, 4, num_matches
);
1352 match_lines
[num_matches
++] = pos
;
1358 static void regex_process(void)
1360 char *uncomp_regex
, *err
;
1362 /* Reset variables */
1367 if (pattern_valid
) {
1372 /* Get the uncompiled regular expression from the user */
1374 bb_putchar((option_mask32
& LESS_STATE_MATCH_BACKWARDS
) ? '?' : '/');
1375 uncomp_regex
= less_gets(1);
1376 if (!uncomp_regex
[0]) {
1382 /* Compile the regex and check for errors */
1383 err
= regcomp_or_errmsg(&pattern
, uncomp_regex
,
1384 (option_mask32
& FLAG_I
) ? REG_ICASE
: 0);
1387 print_statusline(err
);
1394 fill_match_lines(0);
1395 while (match_pos
< num_matches
) {
1396 if ((int)match_lines
[match_pos
] > cur_fline
)
1400 if (option_mask32
& LESS_STATE_MATCH_BACKWARDS
)
1403 /* It's possible that no matches are found yet.
1404 * goto_match() will read input looking for match,
1406 goto_match(match_pos
);
1410 static void number_process(int first_digit
)
1415 char num_input
[sizeof(int)*4]; /* more than enough */
1417 num_input
[0] = first_digit
;
1419 /* Clear the current line, print a prompt, and then print the digit */
1421 printf(":%c", first_digit
);
1423 /* Receive input until a letter is given */
1425 while (i
< sizeof(num_input
)-1) {
1426 keypress
= less_getch(i
+ 1);
1427 if ((unsigned)keypress
> 255 || !isdigit(keypress
))
1429 num_input
[i
] = keypress
;
1430 bb_putchar(keypress
);
1434 num_input
[i
] = '\0';
1435 num
= bb_strtou(num_input
, NULL
, 10);
1436 /* on format error, num == -1 */
1437 if (num
< 1 || num
> MAXLINES
) {
1442 /* We now know the number and the letter entered, so we process them */
1444 case KEYCODE_DOWN
: case 'z': case 'd': case 'e': case ' ': case '\015':
1447 case KEYCODE_UP
: case 'b': case 'w': case 'y': case 'u':
1450 case 'g': case '<': case 'G': case '>':
1451 buffer_lineno(num
- 1);
1454 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS
1456 num
= num
* (num_lines
> 0 ? num_lines
: max_lineno
) / 100;
1458 num
= num
* max_lineno
/ 100;
1462 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
1464 goto_match(match_pos
+ num
);
1467 option_mask32
&= ~LESS_STATE_MATCH_BACKWARDS
;
1471 option_mask32
|= LESS_STATE_MATCH_BACKWARDS
;
1478 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_DASHCMD
1479 static void flag_change(void)
1485 keypress
= less_getch(1);
1489 option_mask32
^= FLAG_M
;
1492 option_mask32
^= FLAG_m
;
1495 option_mask32
^= FLAG_E
;
1498 option_mask32
^= FLAG_TILDE
;
1500 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_TRUNCATE
1502 option_mask32
^= FLAG_S
;
1503 buffer_fill_and_print();
1506 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_LINENUMS
1508 option_mask32
^= FLAG_N
;
1510 buffer_fill_and_print();
1517 static void show_flag_status(void)
1524 keypress
= less_getch(1);
1528 flag_val
= option_mask32
& FLAG_M
;
1531 flag_val
= option_mask32
& FLAG_m
;
1534 flag_val
= option_mask32
& FLAG_TILDE
;
1537 flag_val
= option_mask32
& FLAG_N
;
1540 flag_val
= option_mask32
& FLAG_E
;
1548 printf(HIGHLIGHT
"The status of the flag is: %u"NORMAL
, flag_val
!= 0);
1552 #endif /* ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_DASHCMD */
1554 static void save_input_to_file(void)
1556 const char *msg
= "";
1561 print_statusline("Log file: ");
1562 current_line
= less_gets(sizeof("Log file: ")-1);
1563 if (current_line
[0]) {
1564 fp
= fopen_for_write(current_line
);
1566 msg
= "Error opening log file";
1569 for (i
= 0; i
<= max_fline
; i
++)
1570 fprintf(fp
, "%s\n", flines
[i
]);
1575 print_statusline(msg
);
1579 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_MARKS
1580 static void add_mark(void)
1584 print_statusline("Mark: ");
1585 letter
= less_getch(sizeof("Mark: ") - 1);
1587 if (isalpha(letter
)) {
1588 /* If we exceed 15 marks, start overwriting previous ones */
1589 if (num_marks
== 14)
1592 mark_lines
[num_marks
][0] = letter
;
1593 mark_lines
[num_marks
][1] = cur_fline
;
1596 print_statusline("Invalid mark letter");
1600 static void goto_mark(void)
1605 print_statusline("Go to mark: ");
1606 letter
= less_getch(sizeof("Go to mark: ") - 1);
1609 if (isalpha(letter
)) {
1610 for (i
= 0; i
<= num_marks
; i
++)
1611 if (letter
== mark_lines
[i
][0]) {
1612 buffer_line(mark_lines
[i
][1]);
1615 if (num_marks
== 14 && letter
!= mark_lines
[14][0])
1616 print_statusline("Mark not set");
1618 print_statusline("Invalid mark letter");
1622 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_BRACKETS
1623 static char opp_bracket(char bracket
)
1626 case '{': case '[': /* '}' == '{' + 2. Same for '[' */
1628 case '(': /* ')' == '(' + 1 */
1640 static void match_right_bracket(char bracket
)
1642 unsigned i
= cur_fline
;
1645 || strchr(flines
[i
], bracket
) == NULL
1647 print_statusline("No bracket in top line");
1651 bracket
= opp_bracket(bracket
);
1652 for (; i
< max_fline
; i
++) {
1653 if (strchr(flines
[i
], bracket
) != NULL
) {
1655 * Line with matched right bracket becomes
1658 buffer_line(i
- max_displayed_line
);
1662 print_statusline("No matching bracket found");
1665 static void match_left_bracket(char bracket
)
1667 int i
= cur_fline
+ max_displayed_line
;
1670 || strchr(flines
[i
], bracket
) == NULL
1672 print_statusline("No bracket in bottom line");
1676 bracket
= opp_bracket(bracket
);
1677 for (; i
>= 0; i
--) {
1678 if (strchr(flines
[i
], bracket
) != NULL
) {
1680 * Line with matched left bracket becomes
1681 * first visible line
1687 print_statusline("No matching bracket found");
1689 #endif /* FEATURE_LESS_BRACKETS */
1691 static void keypress_process(int keypress
)
1694 case KEYCODE_DOWN
: case 'e': case 'j': case 0x0d:
1697 case KEYCODE_UP
: case 'y': case 'k':
1700 case KEYCODE_PAGEDOWN
: case ' ': case 'z': case 'f':
1701 buffer_down(max_displayed_line
+ 1);
1703 case KEYCODE_PAGEUP
: case 'w': case 'b':
1704 buffer_up(max_displayed_line
+ 1);
1707 buffer_down((max_displayed_line
+ 1) / 2);
1710 buffer_up((max_displayed_line
+ 1) / 2);
1712 case KEYCODE_HOME
: case 'g': case 'p': case '<': case '%':
1715 case KEYCODE_END
: case 'G': case '>':
1716 cur_fline
= MAXLINES
;
1718 buffer_line(cur_fline
);
1723 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_MARKS
1734 /* TODO: (1) also bind ^R, ^L to this?
1735 * (2) re-measure window size?
1743 save_input_to_file();
1748 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS
1753 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
1755 option_mask32
&= ~LESS_STATE_MATCH_BACKWARDS
;
1759 goto_match(match_pos
+ 1);
1762 goto_match(match_pos
- 1);
1765 option_mask32
|= LESS_STATE_MATCH_BACKWARDS
;
1769 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_DASHCMD
1780 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_BRACKETS
1781 case '{': case '(': case '[':
1782 match_right_bracket(keypress
);
1784 case '}': case ')': case ']':
1785 match_left_bracket(keypress
);
1793 if (isdigit(keypress
))
1794 number_process(keypress
);
1797 static void sig_catcher(int sig
)
1800 kill_myself_with_sig(sig
); /* does not return */
1803 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_WINCH
1804 static void sigwinch_handler(int sig UNUSED_PARAM
)
1810 int less_main(int argc
, char **argv
) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE
;
1811 int less_main(int argc
, char **argv
)
1818 /* TODO: -x: do not interpret backspace, -xx: tab also
1819 * -xxx: newline also
1820 * -w N: assume width N (-xxx -w 32: hex viewer of sorts)
1821 * -s: condense many empty lines to one
1822 * (used by some setups for manpage display)
1824 getopt32(argv
, "EMmN~IF"
1825 IF_FEATURE_LESS_TRUNCATE("S")
1826 IF_FEATURE_LESS_RAW("R")
1830 num_files
= argc
- optind
;
1833 /* Tools typically pass LESS="FRSXMK".
1834 * The options we don't understand are ignored. */
1835 if (ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_ENV
) {
1836 char *c
= getenv("LESS");
1837 if (c
) while (*c
) switch (*c
++) {
1839 option_mask32
|= FLAG_F
;
1842 option_mask32
|= FLAG_M
;
1845 option_mask32
|= FLAG_R
;
1848 option_mask32
|= FLAG_S
;
1855 /* Another popular pager, most, detects when stdout
1856 * is not a tty and turns into cat. This makes sense. */
1857 if (!isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
))
1858 return bb_cat(argv
);
1861 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO
)) {
1862 /* Just "less"? No args and no redirection? */
1866 filename
= xstrdup(files
[0]);
1869 if (option_mask32
& FLAG_TILDE
)
1870 empty_line_marker
= "";
1872 /* Some versions of less can survive w/o controlling tty,
1873 * try to do the same. This also allows to specify an alternative
1874 * tty via "less 1<>TTY".
1876 * We prefer not to use STDOUT_FILENO directly,
1877 * since we want to set this fd to non-blocking mode,
1878 * and not interfere with other processes which share stdout with us.
1880 tty_name
= xmalloc_ttyname(STDOUT_FILENO
);
1882 tty_fd
= open(tty_name
, O_RDONLY
);
1887 /* Try controlling tty */
1889 tty_fd
= open(CURRENT_TTY
, O_RDONLY
);
1891 /* If all else fails, less 481 uses stdout. Mimic that */
1892 tty_fd
= STDOUT_FILENO
;
1895 G
.kbd_fd_orig_flags
= ndelay_on(tty_fd
);
1896 kbd_fd
= tty_fd
; /* save in a global */
1898 get_termios_and_make_raw(tty_fd
, &term_less
, &term_orig
, TERMIOS_RAW_CRNL_INPUT
);
1900 IF_FEATURE_LESS_ASK_TERMINAL(G
.winsize_err
=) get_terminal_width_height(tty_fd
, &width
, &max_displayed_line
);
1901 /* 20: two tabstops + 4 */
1902 if (width
< 20 || max_displayed_line
< 3)
1903 return bb_cat(argv
);
1904 max_displayed_line
-= 2;
1906 /* We want to restore term_orig on exit */
1907 bb_signals(BB_FATAL_SIGS
, sig_catcher
);
1908 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_WINCH
1909 signal(SIGWINCH
, sigwinch_handler
);
1912 buffer
= xmalloc((max_displayed_line
+1) * sizeof(char *));
1917 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_WINCH
1918 while (WINCH_COUNTER
) {
1921 IF_FEATURE_LESS_ASK_TERMINAL(G
.winsize_err
=) get_terminal_width_height(kbd_fd
, &width
, &max_displayed_line
);
1922 IF_FEATURE_LESS_ASK_TERMINAL(got_size
:)
1923 /* 20: two tabstops + 4 */
1926 if (max_displayed_line
< 3)
1927 max_displayed_line
= 3;
1928 max_displayed_line
-= 2;
1930 buffer
= xmalloc((max_displayed_line
+1) * sizeof(char *));
1931 /* Avoid re-wrap and/or redraw if we already know
1932 * we need to do it again. These ops are expensive */
1938 buffer_fill_and_print();
1939 /* This took some time. Loop back and check,
1940 * were there another SIGWINCH? */
1942 keypress
= less_getch(-1); /* -1: do not position cursor */
1943 # if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_ASK_TERMINAL
1944 if ((int32_t)keypress
== KEYCODE_CURSOR_POS
) {
1945 uint32_t rc
= (keypress
>> 32);
1946 width
= (rc
& 0x7fff);
1947 max_displayed_line
= ((rc
>> 16) & 0x7fff);
1952 keypress
= less_getch(-1); /* -1: do not position cursor */
1954 keypress_process(keypress
);
1959 Help text of less version 418 is below.
1960 If you are implementing something, keeping
1961 key and/or command line switch compatibility is a good idea:
1964 SUMMARY OF LESS COMMANDS
1966 Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, N.
1967 Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if N is given.
1968 h H Display this help.
1970 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1972 e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or N lines).
1973 y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or N lines).
1974 f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or N lines).
1975 b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or N lines).
1976 z * Forward one window (and set window to N).
1977 w * Backward one window (and set window to N).
1978 ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file.
1979 d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to N).
1980 u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to N).
1981 ESC-) RightArrow * Left one half screen width (or N positions).
1982 ESC-( LeftArrow * Right one half screen width (or N positions).
1983 F Forward forever; like "tail -f".
1984 r ^R ^L Repaint screen.
1985 R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input.
1986 ---------------------------------------------------
1987 Default "window" is the screen height.
1988 Default "half-window" is half of the screen height.
1989 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1991 /pattern * Search forward for (N-th) matching line.
1992 ?pattern * Search backward for (N-th) matching line.
1993 n * Repeat previous search (for N-th occurrence).
1994 N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction.
1995 ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files.
1996 ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files.
1997 ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting.
1998 ---------------------------------------------------
1999 Search patterns may be modified by one or more of:
2000 ^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines.
2001 ^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE).
2002 ^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?).
2003 ^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position).
2004 ^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS.
2005 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2007 g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line N).
2008 G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line N).
2009 p % * Go to beginning of file (or N percent into file).
2010 t * Go to the (N-th) next tag.
2011 T * Go to the (N-th) previous tag.
2012 { ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ].
2013 } ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [.
2014 ESC-^F <c1> <c2> * Find close bracket <c2>.
2015 ESC-^B <c1> <c2> * Find open bracket <c1>
2016 ---------------------------------------------------
2017 Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket
2018 matching the (N-th) open bracket in the top line.
2019 Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket
2020 matching the (N-th) close bracket in the bottom line.
2021 m<letter> Mark the current position with <letter>.
2022 '<letter> Go to a previously marked position.
2023 '' Go to the previous position.
2025 ---------------------------------------------------
2026 A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter.
2027 Certain marks are predefined:
2028 ^ means beginning of the file
2029 $ means end of the file
2030 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2032 :e [file] Examine a new file.
2034 :n * Examine the (N-th) next file from the command line.
2035 :p * Examine the (N-th) previous file from the command line.
2036 :x * Examine the first (or N-th) file from the command line.
2037 :d Delete the current file from the command line list.
2038 = ^G :f Print current file name.
2039 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2040 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS
2041 -<flag> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below].
2042 --<name> Toggle a command line option, by name.
2043 _<flag> Display the setting of a command line option.
2044 __<name> Display the setting of an option, by name.
2045 +cmd Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined.
2046 !command Execute the shell command with $SHELL.
2047 |Xcommand Pipe file between current pos & mark X to shell command.
2048 v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR.
2049 V Print version number of "less".
2050 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2052 Most options may be changed either on the command line,
2053 or from within less by using the - or -- command.
2054 Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single
2055 character preceded by a -, or a name preceded by --.
2057 Display help (from command line).
2058 -a ........ --search-skip-screen
2059 Forward search skips current screen.
2060 -b [N] .... --buffers=[N]
2062 -B ........ --auto-buffers
2063 Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes.
2064 -c ........ --clear-screen
2065 Repaint by clearing rather than scrolling.
2068 -D [xn.n] . --color=xn.n
2069 Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only)
2070 -e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF
2071 Quit at end of file.
2073 Force open non-regular files.
2074 -F ........ --quit-if-one-screen
2075 Quit if entire file fits on first screen.
2076 -g ........ --hilite-search
2077 Highlight only last match for searches.
2078 -G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH
2079 Don't highlight any matches for searches.
2080 -h [N] .... --max-back-scroll=[N]
2081 Backward scroll limit.
2082 -i ........ --ignore-case
2083 Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase.
2084 -I ........ --IGNORE-CASE
2085 Ignore case in all searches.
2086 -j [N] .... --jump-target=[N]
2087 Screen position of target lines.
2088 -J ........ --status-column
2089 Display a status column at left edge of screen.
2090 -k [file] . --lesskey-file=[file]
2092 -L ........ --no-lessopen
2093 Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable.
2094 -m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT
2096 -n -N .... --line-numbers --LINE-NUMBERS
2097 Don't use line numbers.
2098 -o [file] . --log-file=[file]
2099 Copy to log file (standard input only).
2100 -O [file] . --LOG-FILE=[file]
2101 Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite).
2102 -p [pattern] --pattern=[pattern]
2103 Start at pattern (from command line).
2104 -P [prompt] --prompt=[prompt]
2106 -q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT
2107 Quiet the terminal bell.
2108 -r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS
2109 Output "raw" control characters.
2110 -s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines
2111 Squeeze multiple blank lines.
2112 -S ........ --chop-long-lines
2114 -t [tag] .. --tag=[tag]
2116 -T [tagsfile] --tag-file=[tagsfile]
2117 Use an alternate tags file.
2118 -u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL
2119 Change handling of backspaces.
2120 -V ........ --version
2121 Display the version number of "less".
2122 -w ........ --hilite-unread
2123 Highlight first new line after forward-screen.
2124 -W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD
2125 Highlight first new line after any forward movement.
2126 -x [N[,...]] --tabs=[N[,...]]
2128 -X ........ --no-init
2129 Don't use termcap init/deinit strings.
2131 Don't use termcap keypad init/deinit strings.
2132 -y [N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[N]
2133 Forward scroll limit.
2134 -z [N] .... --window=[N]
2136 -" [c[c]] . --quotes=[c[c]]
2137 Set shell quote characters.
2139 Don't display tildes after end of file.
2140 -# [N] .... --shift=[N]
2141 Horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width)
2143 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2145 These keys can be used to edit text being entered
2146 on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen.
2147 RightArrow ESC-l Move cursor right one character.
2148 LeftArrow ESC-h Move cursor left one character.
2149 CNTL-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w Move cursor right one word.
2150 CNTL-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b Move cursor left one word.
2151 HOME ESC-0 Move cursor to start of line.
2152 END ESC-$ Move cursor to end of line.
2153 BACKSPACE Delete char to left of cursor.
2154 DELETE ESC-x Delete char under cursor.
2155 CNTL-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE Delete word to left of cursor.
2156 CNTL-DELETE ESC-DELETE ESC-X Delete word under cursor.
2157 CNTL-U ESC (MS-DOS only) Delete entire line.
2158 UpArrow ESC-k Retrieve previous command line.
2159 DownArrow ESC-j Retrieve next command line.
2160 TAB Complete filename & cycle.
2161 SHIFT-TAB ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle.
2162 CNTL-L Complete filename, list all.