Removed untyped contructor from ComponentRegistration and add a protected setter.

[castle.git] / MonoRail / Castle.MonoRail.Framework / Controller.cs

// Copyright 2004-2008 Castle Project - http://www.castleproject.org/
// 
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// 
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
// 
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

namespace Castle.MonoRail.Framework
{
        using System;
        using System.Collections;
        using System.Collections.Generic;
        using System.Collections.Specialized;
        using System.IO;
        using System.Reflection;
        using System.Web;
        using Castle.Components.Binder;
        using Castle.Components.Common.EmailSender;
        using Castle.Components.Validator;
        using Castle.Core.Logging;
        using Castle.MonoRail.Framework.Descriptors;
        using Castle.MonoRail.Framework.Resources;
        using Castle.MonoRail.Framework.Internal;
        using Core;
        using Helpers;

        /// <summary>
        /// Implements the core functionality and exposes the
        /// common methods for concrete controllers.
        /// </summary>
        public abstract class Controller : IController, IValidatorAccessor, IRedirectSupport
        {
                private IEngineContext engineContext;
                private IControllerContext context;
                private ILogger logger = NullLogger.Instance;
                private bool directRenderInvoked;
                private bool isContextualized;

                private IHelperFactory helperFactory;
                private IServiceInitializer serviceInitializer;
                private IFilterFactory filterFactory;
                private IViewEngineManager viewEngineManager;
                private IActionSelector actionSelector;
                private IScaffoldingSupport scaffoldSupport;
                private FilterDescriptor[] filters = new FilterDescriptor[0];
                private ValidatorRunner validatorRunner;
                private Dictionary<object, ErrorSummary> validationSummaryPerInstance;
                private Dictionary<object, ErrorList> boundInstances;

                #region IController

                /// <summary>
                /// Occurs just before the action execution.
                /// </summary>
                public event ControllerHandler BeforeAction;

                /// <summary>
                /// Occurs just after the action execution.
                /// </summary>
                public event ControllerHandler AfterAction;

                /// <summary>
                /// Sets the context for the controller
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="engineContext">The engine context.</param>
                /// <param name="context">The controller context.</param>
                public virtual void Contextualize(IEngineContext engineContext, IControllerContext context)
                {
                        this.context = context;
                        SetEngineContext(engineContext);
                        ResolveLayout();
                        CreateAndInitializeHelpers();
                        CreateFiltersDescriptors();
                        ProcessScaffoldIfAvailable();
                        ActionProviderUtil.RegisterActions(engineContext, this, context);
                        Initialize();
                        isContextualized = true;
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Performs the specified action, which means:
                /// <br/>
                /// 1. Define the default view name<br/>
                /// 2. Run the before filters<br/>
                /// 3. Select the method related to the action name and invoke it<br/>
                /// 4. On error, execute the rescues if available<br/>
                /// 5. Run the after filters<br/>
                /// 6. Invoke the view engine<br/>
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="engineContext">The engine context.</param>
                /// <param name="context">The controller context.</param>
                public virtual void Process(IEngineContext engineContext, IControllerContext context)
                {
                        if (isContextualized == false) 
                        {
                                Contextualize(engineContext, context);
                        }
                        RunActionAndRenderView();
                }
                
                /// <summary>
                /// Invoked by the view engine to perform
                /// any logic before the view is sent to the client.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="view"></param>
                public virtual void PreSendView(object view)
                {
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Invoked by the view engine to perform
                /// any logic after the view had been sent to the client.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="view"></param>
                public virtual void PostSendView(object view)
                {
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources.
                /// </summary>
                public virtual void Dispose()
                {
                        DisposeFilters();
                }

                #endregion

                #region IValidatorAccessor

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the validator runner instance.
                /// </summary>
                /// <value>The validator instance.</value>
                public ValidatorRunner Validator
                {
                        get
                        {
                                if (validatorRunner == null)
                                {
                                        validatorRunner = CreateValidatorRunner(engineContext.Services.ValidatorRegistry);
                                }
                                return validatorRunner;
                        }
                        set { validatorRunner = value; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the bound instance errors. These are errors relative to
                /// the binding process performed for the specified instance.
                /// </summary>
                /// <value>The bound instance errors.</value>
                public IDictionary<object, ErrorList> BoundInstanceErrors
                {
                        get
                        {
                                if (boundInstances == null)
                                {
                                        boundInstances = new Dictionary<object, ErrorList>();
                                }
                                return boundInstances;
                        }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Populates the validator error summary with errors relative to the
                /// validation rules associated with the target type.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="instance">The instance.</param>
                /// <param name="binderUsedForBinding">The binder used for binding.</param>
                public void PopulateValidatorErrorSummary(object instance, ErrorSummary binderUsedForBinding)
                {
                        if (validationSummaryPerInstance == null)
                        {
                                validationSummaryPerInstance = new Dictionary<object, ErrorSummary>();
                        }
                        validationSummaryPerInstance[instance] = binderUsedForBinding;
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the error summary associated with validation errors.
                /// <para>
                /// Will only work for instances populated by the <c>DataBinder</c>
                /// </para>
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="instance">object instance</param>
                /// <returns>Error summary instance (can be null if the DataBinder wasn't configured to validate)</returns>
                protected ErrorSummary GetErrorSummary(object instance)
                {
                        if (validationSummaryPerInstance == null)
                        {
                                return null;
                        }
                        return validationSummaryPerInstance.ContainsKey(instance) ? validationSummaryPerInstance[instance] : null;
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Returns <c>true</c> if the given instance had 
                /// validation errors during binding.
                /// <para>
                /// Will only work for instances populated by the <c>DataBinder</c>
                /// </para>
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="instance">object instance</param>
                /// <returns><c>true</c> if the validation had an error</returns>
                protected bool HasValidationError(object instance)
                {
                        ErrorSummary summary = GetErrorSummary(instance);

                        if (summary == null)
                        {
                                return false;
                        }

                        return summary.ErrorsCount != 0;
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets a list of errors that were thrown during the 
                /// object process, like conversion errors.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="instance">The instance that was populated by a binder.</param>
                /// <returns>List of errors</returns>
                protected ErrorList GetDataBindErrors(object instance)
                {
                        if (boundInstances != null && boundInstances.ContainsKey(instance))
                        {
                                return boundInstances[instance];
                        }
                        return null;
                }

                #endregion

                #region Useful Properties

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the controller context.
                /// </summary>
                /// <value>The controller context.</value>
                public IControllerContext ControllerContext
                {
                        get { return context; }
                        set { context = value; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the view folder -- (areaname + 
                /// controllername) or just controller name -- that this controller 
                /// will use by default.
                /// </summary>
                public string ViewFolder
                {
                        get { return context.ViewFolder; }
                        set { context.ViewFolder = value; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// This is intended to be used by MonoRail infrastructure.
                /// </summary>
                public ControllerMetaDescriptor MetaDescriptor
                {
                        get { return context.ControllerDescriptor; }
                        set { context.ControllerDescriptor = value; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the actions available in this controller.
                /// </summary>
                /// <remarks>It is supposed to be used by MonoRail infrastructure only</remarks>
                /// <value>The actions.</value>
                public ICollection Actions
                {
                        get { return MetaDescriptor.Actions.Values; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets a dicitionary of name/<see cref="IResource"/>
                /// </summary>
                /// <remarks>It is supposed to be used by MonoRail infrastructure only</remarks>
                /// <value>The resources.</value>
                public IDictionary<string, IResource> Resources
                {
                        get { return context.Resources; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets a dictionary of name/helper instance
                /// </summary>
                /// <value>The helpers.</value>
                public IDictionary Helpers
                {
                        get { return context.Helpers; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets a value indicating whether the request is a post.
                /// </summary>
                /// <value>
                /// <see langword="true"/> if this request is a post; otherwise, <see langword="false"/>.
                /// </value>
                public bool IsPost
                {
                        get { return engineContext.Request.HttpMethod == "POST"; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets a value indicating whether the request is a get.
                /// </summary>
                /// <value>
                /// <see langword="true"/> if this request is a get; otherwise, <see langword="false"/>.
                /// </value>
                public bool IsGet
                {
                        get { return engineContext.Request.HttpMethod == "GET"; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets a value indicating whether the request is a put.
                /// </summary>
                /// <value>
                /// <see langword="true"/> if this request is a put; otherwise, <see langword="false"/>.
                /// </value>
                public bool IsPut
                {
                        get { return engineContext.Request.HttpMethod == "PUT"; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets a value indicating whether the request is a head.
                /// </summary>
                /// <value>
                /// <see langword="true"/> if this request is a head; otherwise, <see langword="false"/>.
                /// </value>
                public bool IsHead
                {
                        get { return engineContext.Request.HttpMethod == "HEAD"; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the controller's name.
                /// </summary>
                public string Name
                {
                        get { return context.Name; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the controller's area name.
                /// </summary>
                public string AreaName
                {
                        get { return context.AreaName; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets or set the layout being used.
                /// </summary>
                public string LayoutName
                {
                        get { return (context.LayoutNames != null && context.LayoutNames.Length != 0) ? context.LayoutNames[0] : null; }
                        set
                        {
                                if (value == null)
                                {
                                        context.LayoutNames = null;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                        context.LayoutNames = new string[] { value };
                                }
                        }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets or set the layouts being used.
                /// </summary>
                public string[] LayoutNames
                {
                        get { return context.LayoutNames; }
                        set { context.LayoutNames = value; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the name of the action being processed.
                /// </summary>
                public string Action
                {
                        get { return context.Action; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Logger for the controller
                /// </summary>
                public ILogger Logger
                {
                        get { return logger; }
                        set { logger = value; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets or sets the view which will be rendered by this action.
                /// </summary>
                public string SelectedViewName
                {
                        get { return context.SelectedViewName; }
                        set { context.SelectedViewName = value; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the property bag, which is used
                /// to pass variables to the view.
                /// </summary>
                public IDictionary PropertyBag
                {
                        get { return context.PropertyBag; }
                        set { context.PropertyBag = value; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the context of this request execution.
                /// </summary>
                public IEngineContext Context
                {
                        get { return engineContext; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the Session dictionary.
                /// </summary>
                protected IDictionary Session
                {
                        get { return engineContext.Session; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets a dictionary of volative items.
                /// Ideal for showing success and failures messages.
                /// </summary>
                public Flash Flash
                {
                        get { return engineContext.Flash; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the web context of ASP.NET API.
                /// </summary>
                protected internal HttpContext HttpContext
                {
                        get { return engineContext.UnderlyingContext; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the request object.
                /// </summary>
                public IRequest Request
                {
                        get { return Context.Request; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the response object.
                /// </summary>
                public IResponse Response
                {
                        get { return Context.Response; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Shortcut to <see cref="IRequest.Params"/> 
                /// </summary>
                public NameValueCollection Params
                {
                        get { return Request.Params; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Shortcut to <see cref="IRequest.Form"/> 
                /// </summary>
                public NameValueCollection Form
                {
                        get { return Request.Form; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Shortcut to <see cref="IRequest.QueryString"></see>
                /// </summary>
                public NameValueCollection Query
                {
                        get { return Request.QueryString; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the dynamic actions dictionary. 
                /// <para>
                /// Can be used to insert dynamic actions on the controller instance.
                /// </para>
                /// </summary>
                /// <value>The dynamic actions dictionary.</value>
                public IDictionary<string, IDynamicAction> DynamicActions
                {
                        get { return context.DynamicActions; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Shortcut to 
                /// <see cref="IResponse.IsClientConnected"/>
                /// </summary>
                protected bool IsClientConnected
                {
                        get { return engineContext.Response.IsClientConnected; }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Indicates that the current Action resulted from an ASP.NET PostBack.
                /// As a result, this property is only relavent to controllers using 
                /// WebForms views.  It is placed on the base Controller for convenience 
                /// only to avoid the need to extend the Controller or provide additional 
                /// helper classes.  It is marked virtual to better support testing.
                /// </summary>
                protected virtual bool IsPostBack
                {
                        get
                        {
                                NameValueCollection fields = Params;
                                return (fields["__VIEWSTATE"] != null) || (fields["__EVENTTARGET"] != null);
                        }
                }

                #endregion

                #region Useful Operations

                /// <summary>
                /// Sets the engine context. Also initialize all required services by querying
                /// <see cref="IEngineContext.Services"/>
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="engineContext">The engine context.</param>
                public virtual void SetEngineContext(IEngineContext engineContext)
                {
                        this.engineContext = engineContext;

                        helperFactory = engineContext.Services.HelperFactory; // should not be null
                        serviceInitializer = engineContext.Services.ServiceInitializer; // should not be null
//                      urlBuilder = engineContext.Services.UrlBuilder; // should not be null (affects redirects)
                        filterFactory = engineContext.Services.FilterFactory; // should not be null
                        viewEngineManager = engineContext.Services.ViewEngineManager; // should not be null
                        actionSelector = engineContext.Services.ActionSelector; // should not be null
                        scaffoldSupport = engineContext.Services.ScaffoldSupport; // might be null
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Specifies the view to be processed after the action has finished its processing. 
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="name">view template name (the file extension is optional)</param>
                public void RenderView(string name)
                {
                        context.SelectedViewName = Path.Combine(ViewFolder, name);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Specifies the view to be processed after the action has finished its processing. 
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="name">view template name (the file extension is optional)</param>
                /// <param name="skipLayout">If set to <c>true</c>, no layout will be used when rendering the view</param>
                public void RenderView(string name, bool skipLayout)
                {
                        if (skipLayout) CancelLayout();

                        RenderView(name);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Specifies the view to be processed after the action has finished its processing. 
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="name">view template name (the file extension is optional)</param>
                /// <param name="skipLayout">If set to <c>true</c>, no layout will be used when rendering the view</param>
                /// <param name="mimeType">The mime type to use on the reply</param>
                public void RenderView(string name, bool skipLayout, string mimeType)
                {
                        if (skipLayout) CancelLayout();
                        Response.ContentType = mimeType;

                        RenderView(name);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Specifies the view to be processed after the action has finished its processing. 
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="controller">Controller name get view from (if you intend to user another controller's view</param>
                /// <param name="name">view template name (the file extension is optional)</param>
                public void RenderView(string controller, string name)
                {
                        context.SelectedViewName = Path.Combine(controller, name);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Specifies the view to be processed after the action has finished its processing. 
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="controller">Controller name get view from (if you intend to user another controller's view</param>
                /// <param name="name">view template name (the file extension is optional)</param>
                /// <param name="skipLayout">If set to <c>true</c>, no layout will be used when rendering the view</param>
                public void RenderView(string controller, string name, bool skipLayout)
                {
                        if (skipLayout) CancelLayout();

                        RenderView(controller, name);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Specifies the view to be processed after the action has finished its processing. 
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="controller">Controller name get view from (if you intend to user another controller's view</param>
                /// <param name="name">view template name (the file extension is optional)</param>
                /// <param name="skipLayout">If set to <c>true</c>, no layout will be used when rendering the view</param>
                /// <param name="mimeType">The mime type to use on the reply</param>
                public void RenderView(string controller, string name, bool skipLayout, string mimeType)
                {
                        if (skipLayout) CancelLayout();

                        Response.ContentType = mimeType;
                        RenderView(controller, name);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Specifies the view to be processed after the action has finished its processing. 
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="controller">Controller name get view from (if you intend to user another controller's view</param>
                /// <param name="name">view template name (the file extension is optional)</param>
                /// <param name="mimeType">The mime type to use on the reply</param>
                public void RenderView(string controller, string name, string mimeType)
                {
                        Response.ContentType = mimeType;
                        RenderView(controller, name);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Specifies the view to be processed and results are written to System.IO.TextWriter. 
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="output"></param>
                /// <param name="name">The name of the view to process.</param>
                public void InPlaceRenderView(TextWriter output, string name)
                {
                        viewEngineManager.Process(Path.Combine(ViewFolder, name), output, Context, this, context);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Specifies the shared view to be processed after the action has finished its
                /// processing. (A partial view shared 
                /// by others views and usually in the root folder
                /// of the view directory).
                /// </summary>
                public void RenderSharedView(string name)
                {
                        context.SelectedViewName = name;
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Specifies the shared view to be processed after the action has finished its
                /// processing. (A partial view shared 
                /// by others views and usually in the root folder
                /// of the view directory).
                /// </summary>
                public void RenderSharedView(string name, bool skipLayout)
                {
                        if (skipLayout) CancelLayout();

                        RenderSharedView(name);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Specifies the shared view to be processed and results are written to System.IO.TextWriter.
                /// (A partial view shared by others views and usually in the root folder
                /// of the view directory).
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="output"></param>
                /// <param name="name">The name of the view to process.</param>
                public void InPlaceRenderSharedView(TextWriter output, string name)
                {
                        viewEngineManager.Process(name, output, Context, this, context);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Cancels the view processing.
                /// </summary>
                public void CancelView()
                {
                        context.SelectedViewName = null;
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Cancels the layout processing.
                /// </summary>
                public void CancelLayout()
                {
                        LayoutName = null;
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Cancels the view processing and writes
                /// the specified contents to the browser
                /// </summary>
                public void RenderText(string contents)
                {
                        CancelView();

                        engineContext.Response.Write(contents);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Cancels the view processing and writes
                /// the specified contents to the browser
                /// </summary>
                public void RenderText(string contents, params object[] args)
                {
                        RenderText(String.Format(contents, args));
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Cancels the view processing and writes
                /// the specified contents to the browser
                /// </summary>
                public void RenderText(IFormatProvider formatProvider, string contents, params object[] args)
                {
                        RenderText(String.Format(formatProvider, contents, args));
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Sends raw contents to be rendered directly by the view engine.
                /// It's up to the view engine just to apply the layout and nothing else.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="contents">Contents to be rendered.</param>
                public void DirectRender(string contents)
                {
                        CancelView();

                        if (directRenderInvoked)
                        {
                                throw new ControllerException("DirectRender should be called only once.");
                        }

                        directRenderInvoked = true;

                        viewEngineManager.RenderStaticWithinLayout(contents, engineContext, this, context);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Returns true if the specified template exists.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="templateName"></param>
                public bool HasTemplate(string templateName)
                {
                        return viewEngineManager.HasTemplate(templateName);
                }

                #region Redirects

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to another action in the same controller.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The action name</param>
                public void RedirectToAction(string action)
                {
                        RedirectToAction(action, (NameValueCollection) null);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to another action in the same controller passing the specified querystring parameters.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The action name</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringParameters">The querystring entries</param>
                public void RedirectToAction(string action, IDictionary queryStringParameters)
                {
                        if (queryStringParameters != null)
                        {
                                Response.Redirect(AreaName, Name, TransformActionName(action), queryStringParameters);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                Response.Redirect(AreaName, Name, TransformActionName(action));
                        }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to another action in the same controller passing the specified querystring parameters.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The action name</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringParameters">The querystring entries</param>
                public void RedirectToAction(string action, NameValueCollection queryStringParameters)
                {
                        if (queryStringParameters != null)
                        {
                                Response.Redirect(AreaName, Name, TransformActionName(action), queryStringParameters);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                Response.Redirect(AreaName, Name, TransformActionName(action));
                        }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to another action in the same controller passing the specified querystring parameters.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The action name</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringParameters">The querystring entries</param>
                public void RedirectToAction(string action, params string[] queryStringParameters)
                {
                        RedirectToAction(action, DictHelper.Create(queryStringParameters));
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to another action in the same controller passing the specified querystring parameters.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The action name</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringAnonymousDictionary">The querystring entries as an anonymous dictionary</param>
                public void RedirectToAction(string action, object queryStringAnonymousDictionary)
                {
                        RedirectToAction(action, new ReflectionBasedDictionaryAdapter(queryStringAnonymousDictionary));
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to url using referrer.
                /// </summary>
                public void RedirectToReferrer()
                {
                        Response.RedirectToReferrer();
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to the site root directory (<c>Context.ApplicationPath + "/"</c>).
                /// </summary>
                public void RedirectToSiteRoot()
                {
                        Response.RedirectToSiteRoot();
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to the specified url
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="url">An relative or absolute URL to redirect the client to</param>
                public void RedirectToUrl(string url)
                {
                        Response.RedirectToUrl(url);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to the specified url
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="url">An relative or absolute URL to redirect the client to</param>
                /// <param name="endProcess">if set to <c>true</c>, sends the redirect and
                /// kills the current request process.</param>
                public void RedirectToUrl(string url, bool endProcess)
                {
                        Response.RedirectToUrl(url, endProcess);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to the specified url
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="url">An relative or absolute URL to redirect the client to</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringParameters">The querystring entries</param>
                public void RedirectToUrl(string url, IDictionary queryStringParameters)
                {
                        Response.RedirectToUrl(url, queryStringParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to the specified url
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="url">An relative or absolute URL to redirect the client to</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringParameters">The querystring entries</param>
                public void RedirectToUrl(string url, NameValueCollection queryStringParameters)
                {
                        Response.RedirectToUrl(url, queryStringParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to the specified url
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="url">An relative or absolute URL to redirect the client to</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringParameters">The querystring entries</param>
                public void RedirectToUrl(string url, params string[] queryStringParameters)
                {
                        Response.RedirectToUrl(url, queryStringParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to the specified url
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="url">An relative or absolute URL to redirect the client to</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringAnonymousDictionary">The querystring entries as an anonymous dictionary</param>
                public void RedirectToUrl(string url, object queryStringAnonymousDictionary)
                {
                        Response.RedirectToUrl(url, queryStringAnonymousDictionary);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to another controller's action.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                public void Redirect(string controller, string action)
                {
                        Response.Redirect(controller, action);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to another controller's action with the specified parameters.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringParameters">The querystring entries</param>
                public void Redirect(string controller, string action, NameValueCollection queryStringParameters)
                {
                        Response.Redirect(controller, action, queryStringParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to another controller's action with the specified parameters.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringParameters">The querystring entries</param>
                public void Redirect(string controller, string action, IDictionary queryStringParameters)
                {
                        Response.Redirect(controller, action, queryStringParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to another controller's action with the specified parameters.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringAnonymousDictionary">The querystring entries as an anonymous dictionary</param>
                public void Redirect(string controller, string action, object queryStringAnonymousDictionary)
                {
                        Response.Redirect(controller, action, queryStringAnonymousDictionary);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to another controller's action in a different area.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="area">The area the target controller belongs to.</param>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                public void Redirect(string area, string controller, string action)
                {
                        Response.Redirect(area, controller, action);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to another controller's action in a different area with the specified parameters.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="area">The area the target controller belongs to.</param>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringParameters">The querystring entries</param>
                public void Redirect(string area, string controller, string action, IDictionary queryStringParameters)
                {
                        Response.Redirect(area, controller, action, queryStringParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to another controller's action in a different area with the specified parameters.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="area">The area the target controller belongs to.</param>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringParameters">The querystring entries</param>
                public void Redirect(string area, string controller, string action, NameValueCollection queryStringParameters)
                {
                        Response.Redirect(area, controller, action, queryStringParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects to another controller's action in a different area with the specified parameters.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="area">The area the target controller belongs to.</param>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="queryStringAnonymousDictionary">The querystring entries as an anonymous dictionary</param>
                public void Redirect(string area, string controller, string action, object queryStringAnonymousDictionary)
                {
                        Response.Redirect(area, controller, action, queryStringAnonymousDictionary);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects using a named route.
                /// The name must exists otherwise a <see cref="MonoRailException"/> will be thrown.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="routeName">Route name.</param>
                public void RedirectUsingNamedRoute(string routeName)
                {
                        Response.RedirectUsingNamedRoute(routeName);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects using a named route.
                /// The name must exists otherwise a <see cref="MonoRailException"/> will be thrown.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="routeName">Route name.</param>
                /// <param name="routeParameters">The route parameters.</param>
                public void RedirectUsingNamedRoute(string routeName, object routeParameters)
                {
                        Response.RedirectUsingNamedRoute(routeName, routeParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Redirects using a named route.
                /// The name must exists otherwise a <see cref="MonoRailException"/> will be thrown.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="routeName">Route name.</param>
                /// <param name="routeParameters">The route parameters.</param>
                public void RedirectUsingNamedRoute(string routeName, IDictionary routeParameters)
                {
                        Response.RedirectUsingNamedRoute(routeName, routeParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Tries to resolve the target redirect url by using the routing rules registered.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="useCurrentRouteParams">if set to <c>true</c> the current request matching route rules will be used.</param>
                public void RedirectUsingRoute(string action, bool useCurrentRouteParams)
                {
                        Response.RedirectUsingRoute(Name, action, useCurrentRouteParams);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Tries to resolve the target redirect url by using the routing rules registered.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="routeParameters">The routing rule parameters.</param>
                public void RedirectUsingRoute(string action, IDictionary routeParameters)
                {
                        Response.RedirectUsingRoute(Name, action, routeParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Tries to resolve the target redirect url by using the routing rules registered.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="routeParameters">The routing rule parameters.</param>
                public void RedirectUsingRoute(string action, object routeParameters)
                {
                        Response.RedirectUsingRoute(Name, action, routeParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Tries to resolve the target redirect url by using the routing rules registered.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="useCurrentRouteParams">if set to <c>true</c> the current request matching route rules will be used.</param>
                public void RedirectUsingRoute(string controller, string action, bool useCurrentRouteParams)
                {
                        Response.RedirectUsingRoute(controller, action, useCurrentRouteParams);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Tries to resolve the target redirect url by using the routing rules registered.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="area">The area the target controller belongs to.</param>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="useCurrentRouteParams">if set to <c>true</c> the current request matching route rules will be used.</param>
                public void RedirectUsingRoute(string area, string controller, string action, bool useCurrentRouteParams)
                {
                        Response.RedirectUsingRoute(area, controller, action, useCurrentRouteParams);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Tries to resolve the target redirect url by using the routing rules registered.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="routeParameters">The routing rule parameters.</param>
                public void RedirectUsingRoute(string controller, string action, IDictionary routeParameters)
                {
                        Response.RedirectUsingRoute(controller, action, routeParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Tries to resolve the target redirect url by using the routing rules registered.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="routeParameters">The routing rule parameters.</param>
                public void RedirectUsingRoute(string controller, string action, object routeParameters)
                {
                        Response.RedirectUsingRoute(controller, action, routeParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Tries to resolve the target redirect url by using the routing rules registered.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="area">The area the target controller belongs to.</param>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="routeParameters">The routing rule parameters.</param>
                public void RedirectUsingRoute(string area, string controller, string action, IDictionary routeParameters)
                {
                        Response.RedirectUsingRoute(area, controller, action, routeParameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Tries to resolve the target redirect url by using the routing rules registered.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="area">The area the target controller belongs to.</param>
                /// <param name="controller">The controller name to be redirected to.</param>
                /// <param name="action">The desired action on the target controller.</param>
                /// <param name="routeParameters">The routing rule parameters.</param>
                public void RedirectUsingRoute(string area, string controller, string action, object routeParameters)
                {
                        Response.RedirectUsingRoute(area, controller, action, routeParameters);
                }

                #endregion

                #region Redirect utilities

                /// <summary>
                /// Creates a querystring string representation of the namevalue collection.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="parameters">The parameters.</param>
                /// <returns></returns>
                protected string ToQueryString(NameValueCollection parameters)
                {
                        return CommonUtils.BuildQueryString(Context.Server, parameters, false);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Creates a querystring string representation of the entries in the dictionary.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="parameters">The parameters.</param>
                /// <returns></returns>
                protected string ToQueryString(IDictionary parameters)
                {
                        return CommonUtils.BuildQueryString(Context.Server, parameters, false);
                }

                #endregion

                #endregion

                #region Email operations

                /// <summary>
                /// Creates an instance of <see cref="Message"/>
                /// using the specified template for the body
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="templateName">
                /// Name of the template to load. 
                /// Will look in Views/mail for that template file.
                /// </param>
                /// <returns>An instance of <see cref="Message"/></returns>
                [Obsolete]
                public Message RenderMailMessage(string templateName)
                {
                        return RenderMailMessage(templateName, false);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Creates an instance of <see cref="Message"/>
                /// using the specified template for the body
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="templateName">
                /// Name of the template to load. 
                /// Will look in Views/mail for that template file.
                /// </param>
                /// <param name="doNotApplyLayout">If <c>true</c>, it will skip the layout</param>
                /// <returns>An instance of <see cref="Message"/></returns>
                [Obsolete]
                public Message RenderMailMessage(string templateName, bool doNotApplyLayout)
                {
                        IEmailTemplateService templateService = engineContext.Services.EmailTemplateService;
                        return templateService.RenderMailMessage(templateName, Context, this, ControllerContext, doNotApplyLayout);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Creates an instance of <see cref="Message"/>
                /// using the specified template for the body
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="templateName">Name of the template to load.
                /// Will look in Views/mail for that template file.</param>
                /// <param name="layoutName">Name of the layout.</param>
                /// <param name="parameters">The parameters.</param>
                /// <returns>An instance of <see cref="Message"/></returns>
                public Message RenderMailMessage(string templateName, string layoutName, IDictionary parameters)
                {
                        IEmailTemplateService templateService = engineContext.Services.EmailTemplateService;
                        return templateService.RenderMailMessage(templateName, layoutName, parameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Creates an instance of <see cref="Message"/>
                /// using the specified template for the body
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="templateName">Name of the template to load.
                /// Will look in Views/mail for that template file.</param>
                /// <param name="layoutName">Name of the layout.</param>
                /// <param name="parameters">The parameters.</param>
                /// <returns>An instance of <see cref="Message"/></returns>
                public Message RenderMailMessage(string templateName, string layoutName, IDictionary<string, object> parameters)
                {
                        IEmailTemplateService templateService = engineContext.Services.EmailTemplateService;
                        return templateService.RenderMailMessage(templateName, layoutName, parameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Creates an instance of <see cref="Message"/>
                /// using the specified template for the body
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="templateName">Name of the template to load.
                /// Will look in Views/mail for that template file.</param>
                /// <param name="layoutName">Name of the layout.</param>
                /// <param name="parameters">The parameters.</param>
                /// <returns>An instance of <see cref="Message"/></returns>
                public Message RenderMailMessage(string templateName, string layoutName, object parameters)
                {
                        IEmailTemplateService templateService = engineContext.Services.EmailTemplateService;
                        return templateService.RenderMailMessage(templateName, layoutName, parameters);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Attempts to deliver the Message using the server specified on the web.config.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="message">The instance of System.Web.Mail.MailMessage that will be sent</param>
                public void DeliverEmail(Message message)
                {
                        try
                        {
                                IEmailSender sender = engineContext.Services.EmailSender;
                                sender.Send(message);
                        }
                        catch(Exception ex)
                        {
                                if (logger.IsErrorEnabled)
                                {
                                        logger.Error("Error sending e-mail", ex);
                                }

                                throw new MonoRailException("Error sending e-mail", ex);
                        }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Renders and delivers the e-mail message.
                /// <seealso cref="DeliverEmail"/>
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="templateName"></param>
                [Obsolete]
                public void RenderEmailAndSend(string templateName)
                {
                        Message message = RenderMailMessage(templateName);
                        DeliverEmail(message);
                }

                #endregion

                #region Lifecycle (overridables)

                /// <summary>
                /// Initializes this instance. Implementors 
                /// can use this method to perform initialization
                /// </summary>
                public virtual void Initialize()
                {
                }

                #endregion

                #region Resources/i18n

                /// <summary>
                /// Creates the controller level resources.
                /// </summary>
                protected virtual void CreateControllerLevelResources()
                {
                        CreateResources(MetaDescriptor.Resources);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Creates the controller level resources.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The action.</param>
                protected virtual void CreateActionLevelResources(IExecutableAction action)
                {
                        CreateResources(action.Resources);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Creates the resources and adds them to the <see cref="IControllerContext.Resources"/>.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="resources">The resources.</param>
                protected virtual void CreateResources(ResourceDescriptor[] resources)
                {
                        if (resources == null || resources.Length == 0)
                        {
                                return;
                        }

                        Assembly typeAssembly = GetType().Assembly;

                        IResourceFactory resourceFactory = engineContext.Services.ResourceFactory;

                        foreach(ResourceDescriptor resDesc in resources)
                        {
                                if (ControllerContext.Resources.ContainsKey(resDesc.Name))
                                {
                                        throw new MonoRailException("There is a duplicated entry on the resource dictionary. Resource entry name: " +
                                                                    resDesc.Name);
                                }

                                ControllerContext.Resources.Add(resDesc.Name, resourceFactory.Create(resDesc, typeAssembly));
                        }
                }

                #endregion

                /// <summary>
                /// Gives a change to subclass 
                /// to override the layout resolution code
                /// </summary>
                protected virtual void ResolveLayout()
                {
                        context.LayoutNames = ObtainDefaultLayoutName();
                }

                private void RunActionAndRenderView()
                {
                        IExecutableAction action = null;
                        Exception actionException = null;
                        bool cancel;

                        try
                        {
                                action = SelectAction(Action);

                                if (action == null)
                                {
                                        throw new MonoRailException(404, "Not Found", "Could not find action named " + 
                                                Action + " on controller " + AreaName + "\\" + Name);
                                }

                                EnsureActionIsAccessibleWithCurrentHttpVerb(action);

                                RunBeforeActionFilters(action, out cancel);

                                CreateControllerLevelResources();
                                CreateActionLevelResources(action);

                                if (cancel) return;

                                if (BeforeAction != null)
                                {
                                        BeforeAction(action, engineContext, this, context);
                                }

                                object actionRetValue = action.Execute(engineContext, this, context);

                                // TO DO: review/refactor this code
                                if (action.ReturnBinderDescriptor != null)
                                {
                                        IReturnBinder binder = action.ReturnBinderDescriptor.ReturnTypeBinder;

                                        // Runs return binder and keep going
                                        binder.Bind(Context, this, ControllerContext, action.ReturnBinderDescriptor.ReturnType, actionRetValue);
                                }

                                // Action executed successfully, so it's safe to process the cache configurer
                                if ((MetaDescriptor.CacheConfigurer != null || action.CachePolicyConfigurer != null) &&
                                    !Response.WasRedirected && Response.StatusCode == 200)
                                {
                                        ConfigureCachePolicy(action);
                                }
                        }
                        catch(MonoRailException ex)
                        {
                                if (Response.StatusCode == 200 && ex.HttpStatusCode.HasValue)
                                {
                                        Response.StatusCode = ex.HttpStatusCode.Value;
                                        Response.StatusDescription = ex.HttpStatusDesc;
                                }

                                actionException = ex;

                                RegisterExceptionAndNotifyExtensions(actionException);

                                RunAfterActionFilters(action, out cancel);

                                if (!ProcessRescue(action, actionException))
                                {
                                        throw;
                                }
                                return;
                        }
                        catch(Exception ex)
                        {
                                if (Response.StatusCode == 200)
                                {
                                        Response.StatusCode = 500;
                                        Response.StatusDescription = "Error processing action";
                                }

                                actionException = (ex is TargetInvocationException) ? ex.InnerException : ex;

                                RegisterExceptionAndNotifyExtensions(actionException);

                                RunAfterActionFilters(action, out cancel);

                                if (!ProcessRescue(action, actionException))
                                {
                                        throw;
                                }
                                return;
                        }
                        finally
                        {
                                // AfterAction event: always executed
                                if (AfterAction != null)
                                {
                                        AfterAction(action, engineContext, this, context);
                                }
                        }

                        RunAfterActionFilters(action, out cancel);
                        if (cancel) return;

                        if (engineContext.Response.WasRedirected) // No need to process view or rescue in this case
                        {
                                return;
                        }

                        if (context.SelectedViewName != null)
                        {
                                ProcessView();
                                RunAfterRenderingFilters(action);
                        }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Configures the cache policy.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The action.</param>
                protected virtual void ConfigureCachePolicy(IExecutableAction action)
                {
                        ICachePolicyConfigurer configurer = action.CachePolicyConfigurer ?? MetaDescriptor.CacheConfigurer;

                        configurer.Configure(Response.CachePolicy);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Selects the appropriate action.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The action name.</param>
                /// <returns></returns>
                protected virtual IExecutableAction SelectAction(string action)
                {
                        // For backward compatibility purposes
                        MethodInfo method = SelectMethod(action, MetaDescriptor.Actions, engineContext.Request, context.CustomActionParameters);

                        if (method != null)
                        {
                                ActionMetaDescriptor actionMeta = MetaDescriptor.GetAction(method);

                                return new ActionMethodExecutorCompatible(method, actionMeta ?? new ActionMetaDescriptor(), InvokeMethod);
                        }

                        // New supported way
                        return actionSelector.Select(engineContext, this, context);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Invokes the scaffold support if the controller
                /// is associated with a scaffold
                /// </summary>
                protected virtual void ProcessScaffoldIfAvailable()
                {
                        if (MetaDescriptor.Scaffoldings.Count != 0)
                        {
                                if (scaffoldSupport == null)
                                {
                                        String message = "You must enable scaffolding support on the " +
                                                         "configuration file, or, to use the standard ActiveRecord support " +
                                                         "copy the necessary assemblies to the bin folder.";

                                        throw new MonoRailException(message);
                                }

                                scaffoldSupport.Process(engineContext, this, context);
                        }
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Ensures the action is accessible with current HTTP verb.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The action.</param>
                protected virtual void EnsureActionIsAccessibleWithCurrentHttpVerb(IExecutableAction action)
                {
                        Verb allowedVerbs = action.AccessibleThroughVerb;

                        if (allowedVerbs == Verb.Undefined)
                        {
                                return;
                        }

                        string method = engineContext.Request.HttpMethod;

                        Verb currentVerb = (Verb) Enum.Parse(typeof(Verb), method, true);

                        if ((allowedVerbs & currentVerb) != currentVerb)
                        {
                                throw new MonoRailException(403, "Forbidden",
                                                            string.Format("Access to the action [{0}] " +
                                                                          "on controller [{1}] is not allowed to the http verb [{2}].",
                                                                          Action, Name, method));
                        }
                }

                #region Views and Layout

                /// <summary>
                /// Obtains the name of the default layout.
                /// </summary>
                /// <returns></returns>
                protected virtual String[] ObtainDefaultLayoutName()
                {
                        if (MetaDescriptor.Layout != null)
                        {
                                return MetaDescriptor.Layout.LayoutNames;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                String defaultLayout = String.Format("layouts/{0}", Name);

                                if (viewEngineManager.HasTemplate(defaultLayout))
                                {
                                        return new String[] {Name};
                                }
                        }

                        return null;
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Processes the view.
                /// </summary>
                protected virtual void ProcessView()
                {
                        if (context.SelectedViewName != null)
                        {
                                viewEngineManager.Process(context.SelectedViewName, engineContext.Response.Output, engineContext, this, context);
                        }
                }

                #endregion

                #region Helpers

                /// <summary>
                /// Creates the and initialize helpers associated with a controller.
                /// </summary>
                public virtual void CreateAndInitializeHelpers()
                {
                        IDictionary helpers = context.Helpers;

                        // Custom helpers

                        foreach(HelperDescriptor helper in MetaDescriptor.Helpers)
                        {
                                bool initialized;
                                object helperInstance = helperFactory.Create(helper.HelperType, engineContext, out initialized);

                                if (!initialized)
                                {
                                        serviceInitializer.Initialize(helperInstance, engineContext);
                                }

                                if (helpers.Contains(helper.Name))
                                {
                                        throw new ControllerException(String.Format("Found a duplicate helper " +
                                                                                    "attribute named '{0}' on controller '{1}'", helper.Name, Name));
                                }

                                helpers.Add(helper.Name, helperInstance);
                        }

                        CreateStandardHelpers();
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Creates the standard helpers.
                /// </summary>
                public virtual void CreateStandardHelpers()
                {
                        AbstractHelper[] builtInHelpers =
                                new AbstractHelper[]
                                        {
                                                new AjaxHelper(engineContext), new BehaviourHelper(engineContext),
                                                new UrlHelper(engineContext), new TextHelper(engineContext),
                                                new EffectsFatHelper(engineContext), new ScriptaculousHelper(engineContext),
                                                new DateFormatHelper(engineContext), new HtmlHelper(engineContext),
                                                new ValidationHelper(engineContext), new DictHelper(engineContext),
                                                new PaginationHelper(engineContext), new FormHelper(engineContext),
                                                new JSONHelper(engineContext), new ZebdaHelper(engineContext)
                                        };

                        foreach(AbstractHelper helper in builtInHelpers)
                        {
                                context.Helpers.Add(helper);
                                
                                if (helper is IServiceEnabledComponent)
                                {
                                        serviceInitializer.Initialize(helper, engineContext);
                                }
                        }
                }

                #endregion

                #region Filters

                private void CreateFiltersDescriptors()
                {
                        if (MetaDescriptor.Filters.Length != 0)
                        {
                                filters = CopyFilterDescriptors();
                        }
                }

                private void RunBeforeActionFilters(IExecutableAction action, out bool cancel)
                {
                        cancel = false;
                        if (action.ShouldSkipAllFilters) return;

                        if (!ProcessFilters(action, ExecuteWhen.BeforeAction))
                        {
                                cancel = true;
                                return; // A filter returned false... so we stop
                        }
                }

                private void RunAfterActionFilters(IExecutableAction action, out bool cancel)
                {
                        cancel = false;
                        if (action == null) return;

                        if (action.ShouldSkipAllFilters) return;

                        if (!ProcessFilters(action, ExecuteWhen.AfterAction))
                        {
                                cancel = true;
                                return; // A filter returned false... so we stop
                        }
                }

                private void RunAfterRenderingFilters(IExecutableAction action)
                {
                        if (action.ShouldSkipAllFilters) return;

                        ProcessFilters(action, ExecuteWhen.AfterRendering);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Identifies if no filter should run for the given action.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The action.</param>
                /// <returns></returns>
                protected virtual bool ShouldSkipFilters(IExecutableAction action)
                {
                        if (filters == null)
                        {
                                // No filters, so skip 
                                return true;
                        }

                        return action.ShouldSkipAllFilters;

//                      ActionMetaDescriptor actionMeta = MetaDescriptor.GetAction(method);
//
//                      if (actionMeta.SkipFilters.Count == 0)
//                      {
//                              // Nothing against filters declared for this action
//                              return false;
//                      }
//
//                      foreach(SkipFilterAttribute skipfilter in actionMeta.SkipFilters)
//                      {
//                              // SkipAllFilters handling...
//                              if (skipfilter.BlanketSkip)
//                              {
//                                      return true;
//                              }
//
//                              filtersToSkip[skipfilter.FilterType] = String.Empty;
//                      }
//
//                      return false;
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Clones all Filter descriptors, in order to get a writable copy.
                /// </summary>
                protected internal FilterDescriptor[] CopyFilterDescriptors()
                {
                        FilterDescriptor[] clone = (FilterDescriptor[]) MetaDescriptor.Filters.Clone();

                        for(int i = 0; i < clone.Length; i++)
                        {
                                clone[i] = (FilterDescriptor) clone[i].Clone();
                        }

                        return clone;
                }

                private bool ProcessFilters(IExecutableAction action, ExecuteWhen when)
                {
                        foreach(FilterDescriptor desc in filters)
                        {
                                if (action.ShouldSkipFilter(desc.FilterType))
                                {
                                        continue;
                                }

                                if ((desc.When & when) != 0)
                                {
                                        if (!ProcessFilter(when, desc))
                                        {
                                                return false;
                                        }
                                }
                        }

                        return true;
                }

                private bool ProcessFilter(ExecuteWhen when, FilterDescriptor desc)
                {
                        if (desc.FilterInstance == null)
                        {
                                desc.FilterInstance = filterFactory.Create(desc.FilterType);

                                IFilterAttributeAware filterAttAware = desc.FilterInstance as IFilterAttributeAware;

                                if (filterAttAware != null)
                                {
                                        filterAttAware.Filter = desc.Attribute;
                                }
                        }

                        try
                        {
                                if (logger.IsDebugEnabled)
                                {
                                        logger.DebugFormat("Running filter {0}/{1}", when, desc.FilterType.FullName);
                                }

                                return desc.FilterInstance.Perform(when, engineContext, this, context);
                        }
                        catch(Exception ex)
                        {
                                if (logger.IsErrorEnabled)
                                {
                                        logger.ErrorFormat("Error processing filter " + desc.FilterType.FullName, ex);
                                }

                                throw;
                        }
                }

                private void DisposeFilters()
                {
                        if (filters == null) return;

                        foreach(FilterDescriptor desc in filters)
                        {
                                if (desc.FilterInstance != null)
                                {
                                        filterFactory.Release(desc.FilterInstance);
                                }
                        }
                }

                #endregion

                #region Rescue

                /// <summary>
                /// Performs the rescue.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The action (can be null in the case of dynamic actions).</param>
                /// <param name="actionException">The exception.</param>
                /// <returns></returns>
                protected bool ProcessRescue(IExecutableAction action, Exception actionException)
                {
                        if (action != null && action.ShouldSkipRescues)
                        {
                                return false;
                        }

                        Type exceptionType = actionException.GetType();

                        RescueDescriptor desc = action != null ? action.GetRescueFor(exceptionType) : null;

                        if (desc == null)
                        {
                                desc = GetControllerRescueFor(exceptionType);
                        }

                        if (desc != null)
                        {
                                try
                                {
                                        if (desc.RescueController != null)
                                        {
                                                CreateAndProcessRescueController(desc, actionException);
                                        }
                                        else
                                        {
                                                context.SelectedViewName = Path.Combine("rescues", desc.ViewName);

                                                ProcessView();
                                        }

                                        return true;
                                }
                                catch(Exception exception)
                                {
                                        // In this situation, the rescue view could not be found
                                        // So we're back to the default error exibition

                                        if (logger.IsFatalEnabled)
                                        {
                                                logger.FatalFormat("Failed to process rescue view. View name " +
                                                                                   context.SelectedViewName, exception);
                                        }
                                }
                        }

                        return false;
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gets the best rescue that matches the exception type
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="exceptionType">Type of the exception.</param>
                /// <returns></returns>
                protected virtual RescueDescriptor GetControllerRescueFor(Type exceptionType)
                {
                        return RescueUtils.SelectBest(MetaDescriptor.Rescues, exceptionType);
                }

                private void CreateAndProcessRescueController(RescueDescriptor desc, Exception actionException)
                {
                        IController rescueController = engineContext.Services.ControllerFactory.CreateController(desc.RescueController);

                        ControllerMetaDescriptor rescueControllerMeta =
                                engineContext.Services.ControllerDescriptorProvider.BuildDescriptor(rescueController);

                        ControllerDescriptor rescueControllerDesc = rescueControllerMeta.ControllerDescriptor;

                        IControllerContext rescueControllerContext = engineContext.Services.ControllerContextFactory.Create(
                                rescueControllerDesc.Area, rescueControllerDesc.Name, desc.RescueMethod.Name,
                                rescueControllerMeta);

                        rescueControllerContext.CustomActionParameters["exception"] = actionException;
                        rescueControllerContext.CustomActionParameters["controller"] = this;
                        rescueControllerContext.CustomActionParameters["controllerContext"] = ControllerContext;

                        rescueController.Process(engineContext, rescueControllerContext);
                }

                #endregion

                /// <summary>
                /// Pendent
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">The action.</param>
                /// <param name="actions">The actions.</param>
                /// <param name="request">The request.</param>
                /// <param name="actionArgs">The action args.</param>
                /// <returns></returns>
                protected virtual MethodInfo SelectMethod(string action, IDictionary actions, IRequest request,
                                                          IDictionary<string, object> actionArgs)
                {
                        return null;
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Pendent
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="method">The method.</param>
                /// <param name="request">The request.</param>
                /// <param name="methodArgs">The method args.</param>
                protected virtual object InvokeMethod(MethodInfo method, IRequest request,
                                                      IDictionary<string, object> methodArgs)
                {
                        return method.Invoke(this, new object[0]);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Creates the default validator runner. 
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="validatorRegistry">The validator registry.</param>
                /// <returns></returns>
                /// <remarks>
                /// You can override this method to create a runner
                /// with some different configuration
                /// </remarks>
                protected virtual ValidatorRunner CreateValidatorRunner(IValidatorRegistry validatorRegistry)
                {
                        if (validatorRegistry == null)
                        {
                                throw new ArgumentNullException("validatorRegistry");
                        }

                        return new ValidatorRunner(validatorRegistry);
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Gives a chance to subclasses to format the action name properly
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="action">Raw action name</param>
                /// <returns>Properly formatted action name</returns>
                protected virtual string TransformActionName(string action)
                {
                        return action;
                }

                /// <summary>
                /// Registers the exception and notify extensions.
                /// </summary>
                /// <param name="exception">The exception.</param>
                protected void RegisterExceptionAndNotifyExtensions(Exception exception)
                {
                        engineContext.LastException = exception;
                        engineContext.Services.ExtensionManager.RaiseActionError(engineContext);
                }
        }
}