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1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
2 %%
3 %% Thom Fruehwirth ECRC 1991-1993
4 %% 910528 started boolean,and,or constraints
5 %% 910904 added xor,neg constraints
6 %% 911120 added imp constraint
7 %% 931110 ported to new release
8 %% 931111 added card constraint 
9 %% 961107 Christian Holzbaur, SICStus mods
11 %% ported to hProlog by Tom Schrijvers June 2003
14 :- module(bool,[main/0,main/1]).
16 :- use_module( library(chr)).
18 :- use_module(library(lists)).
20 :- constraints boolean/1, and/3, or/3, xor/3, neg/2, imp/2, labeling/0, card/4.
23 boolean(0) <=> true.
24 boolean(1) <=> true.
26 labeling, boolean(A)#Pc <=> 
27 ( A=0 ; A=1), 
28 labeling
29 pragma passive(Pc).
32 %% and/3 specification
33 %%and(0,0,0).
34 %%and(0,1,0).
35 %%and(1,0,0).
36 %%and(1,1,1).
38 and(0,X,Y) <=> Y=0.
39 and(X,0,Y) <=> Y=0.
40 and(1,X,Y) <=> Y=X.
41 and(X,1,Y) <=> Y=X.
42 and(X,Y,1) <=> X=1,Y=1.
43 and(X,X,Z) <=> X=Z.
44 %%and(X,Y,X) <=> imp(X,Y).
45 %%and(X,Y,Y) <=> imp(Y,X).
46 and(X,Y,A) \ and(X,Y,B) <=> A=B.
47 and(X,Y,A) \ and(Y,X,B) <=> A=B.
49 labeling, and(A,B,C)#Pc <=> 
50 label_and(A,B,C), 
51 labeling
52 pragma passive(Pc).
54 label_and(0,X,0).
55 label_and(1,X,X).
58 %% or/3 specification
59 %%or(0,0,0).
60 %%or(0,1,1).
61 %%or(1,0,1).
62 %%or(1,1,1).
64 or(0,X,Y) <=> Y=X.
65 or(X,0,Y) <=> Y=X.
66 or(X,Y,0) <=> X=0,Y=0.
67 or(1,X,Y) <=> Y=1.
68 or(X,1,Y) <=> Y=1.
69 or(X,X,Z) <=> X=Z.
70 %%or(X,Y,X) <=> imp(Y,X).
71 %%or(X,Y,Y) <=> imp(X,Y).
72 or(X,Y,A) \ or(X,Y,B) <=> A=B.
73 or(X,Y,A) \ or(Y,X,B) <=> A=B.
75 labeling, or(A,B,C)#Pc <=> 
76 label_or(A,B,C), 
77 labeling
78 pragma passive(Pc).
80 label_or(0,X,X).
81 label_or(1,X,1).
84 %% xor/3 specification
85 %%xor(0,0,0).
86 %%xor(0,1,1).
87 %%xor(1,0,1).
88 %%xor(1,1,0).
90 xor(0,X,Y) <=> X=Y.
91 xor(X,0,Y) <=> X=Y.
92 xor(X,Y,0) <=> X=Y.
93 xor(1,X,Y) <=> neg(X,Y).
94 xor(X,1,Y) <=> neg(X,Y).
95 xor(X,Y,1) <=> neg(X,Y).
96 xor(X,X,Y) <=> Y=0.
97 xor(X,Y,X) <=> Y=0.
98 xor(Y,X,X) <=> Y=0.
99 xor(X,Y,A) \ xor(X,Y,B) <=> A=B.
100 xor(X,Y,A) \ xor(Y,X,B) <=> A=B.
102 labeling, xor(A,B,C)#Pc <=> 
103 label_xor(A,B,C), 
104 labeling
105 pragma passive(Pc).
107 label_xor(0,X,X).
108 label_xor(1,X,Y):- neg(X,Y).
111 %% neg/2 specification
112 %%neg(0,1).
113 %%neg(1,0).
115 neg(0,X) <=> X=1.
116 neg(X,0) <=> X=1.
117 neg(1,X) <=> X=0.
118 neg(X,1) <=> X=0.
119 neg(X,X) <=> fail.
120 neg(X,Y) \ neg(Y,Z) <=> X=Z.    
121 neg(X,Y) \ neg(Z,Y) <=> X=Z.    
122 neg(Y,X) \ neg(Y,Z) <=> X=Z.    
123 %% Interaction with other boolean constraints
124 neg(X,Y) \ and(X,Y,Z) <=> Z=0.
125 neg(Y,X) \ and(X,Y,Z) <=> Z=0.
126 neg(X,Z) , and(X,Y,Z) <=> X=1,Y=0,Z=0.
127 neg(Z,X) , and(X,Y,Z) <=> X=1,Y=0,Z=0.
128 neg(Y,Z) , and(X,Y,Z) <=> X=0,Y=1,Z=0.
129 neg(Z,Y) , and(X,Y,Z) <=> X=0,Y=1,Z=0.
130 neg(X,Y) \ or(X,Y,Z) <=> Z=1.
131 neg(Y,X) \ or(X,Y,Z) <=> Z=1.
132 neg(X,Z) , or(X,Y,Z) <=> X=0,Y=1,Z=1.
133 neg(Z,X) , or(X,Y,Z) <=> X=0,Y=1,Z=1.
134 neg(Y,Z) , or(X,Y,Z) <=> X=1,Y=0,Z=1.
135 neg(Z,Y) , or(X,Y,Z) <=> X=1,Y=0,Z=1.
136 neg(X,Y) \ xor(X,Y,Z) <=> Z=1.
137 neg(Y,X) \ xor(X,Y,Z) <=> Z=1.
138 neg(X,Z) \ xor(X,Y,Z) <=> Y=1.
139 neg(Z,X) \ xor(X,Y,Z) <=> Y=1.
140 neg(Y,Z) \ xor(X,Y,Z) <=> X=1.
141 neg(Z,Y) \ xor(X,Y,Z) <=> X=1.
142 neg(X,Y) , imp(X,Y) <=> X=0,Y=1.
143 neg(Y,X) , imp(X,Y) <=> X=0,Y=1.
145 labeling, neg(A,B)#Pc <=> 
146 label_neg(A,B), 
147 labeling
148 pragma passive(Pc).
150 label_neg(0,1).
151 label_neg(1,0).
154 %% imp/2 specification (implication)
155 %%imp(0,0).
156 %%imp(0,1).
157 %%imp(1,1).
159 imp(0,X) <=> true.
160 imp(X,0) <=> X=0.
161 imp(1,X) <=> X=1.
162 imp(X,1) <=> true.
163 imp(X,X) <=> true.
164 imp(X,Y),imp(Y,X) <=> X=Y.      
166 labeling, imp(A,B)#Pc <=> 
167 label_imp(A,B), 
168 labeling
169 pragma passive(Pc).
171 label_imp(0,X).
172 label_imp(1,1).
176 %% Boolean cardinality operator
177 %% card(A,B,L,N) constrains list L of length N to have between A and B 1s
180 card(A,B,L):- 
181         length(L,N), 
182         A=<B,0=<B,A=<N,                         %0=<N   
183         card(A,B,L,N).
185 %% card/4 specification
186 %%card(A,B,[],0):- A=<0,0=<B.
187 %%card(A,B,[0|L],N):-
188 %%              N1 is N-1,
189 %%              card(A,B,L,N1).
190 %%card(A,B,[1|L],N):-  
191 %%              A1 is A-1, B1 is B-1, N1 is N-1,
192 %%              card(A1,B1,L,N1).
194 triv_sat @ card(A,B,L,N) <=> A=<0,N=<B | true. % trivial satisfaction
195 pos_sat @ card(N,B,L,N) <=> set_to_ones(L).     % positive satisfaction
196 neg_sat @ card(A,0,L,N) <=> set_to_zeros(L). % negative satisfaction
197 pos_red @ card(A,B,L,N) <=> b_delete(X,L,L1),X==1 | % positive reduction
198 A1 is A-1, B1 is B-1, N1 is N-1,
199 card(A1,B1,L1,N1).
200 neg_red @ card(A,B,L,N) <=> b_delete(X,L,L1),X==0 | % negative reduction
201 N1 is N-1,
202 card(A,B,L1,N1).
203 %% special cases with two variables
204 card2nand @ card(0,1,[X,Y],2) <=> and(X,Y,0).           
205 card2neg @ card(1,1,[X,Y],2) <=> neg(X,Y).              
206 card2or @ card(1,2,[X,Y],2) <=> or(X,Y,1).
208 b_delete( X, [X|L],  L).
209 b_delete( Y, [X|Xs], [X|Xt]) :-
210         b_delete( Y, Xs, Xt).
212 labeling, card(A,B,L,N)#Pc <=> 
213 label_card(A,B,L,N), 
214 labeling
215 pragma passive(Pc).
217 label_card(A,B,[],0):- A=<0,0=<B.
218 label_card(A,B,[0|L],N):-
219         %N1 is N-1,
220         card(A,B,L).
221 label_card(A,B,[1|L],N):-  
222         A1 is A-1, B1 is B-1, %N1 is N-1,
223         card(A1,B1,L).
225 set_to_ones([]).
226 set_to_ones([1|L]):-
227         set_to_ones(L).
229 set_to_zeros([]).
230 set_to_zeros([0|L]):-
231         set_to_zeros(L).
235 %% Auxiliary predicates
237 :- op(100,xfy,#).
239 solve_bool(A,C) :- var(A), !, A=C.
240 solve_bool(A,C) :- atomic(A), !, A=C.
241 solve_bool(A * B, C) :- !,
242         solve_bool(A,A1),
243         solve_bool(B,B1),
244         and(A1,B1,C).
245 solve_bool(A + B, C) :- !,
246         solve_bool(A,A1),
247         solve_bool(B,B1),
248         or(A1,B1,C).
249 solve_bool(A # B, C) :- !,
250         solve_bool(A,A1),
251         solve_bool(B,B1),
252         xor(A1,B1,C).
253 solve_bool(not(A),C) :- !, 
254         solve_bool(A,A1),
255         neg(A1,C).
256 solve_bool((A -> B), C) :- !,
257         solve_bool(A,A1),
258         solve_bool(B,B1),
259         imp(A1,B1),C=1.
260 solve_bool(A = B, C) :- !,
261         solve_bool(A,A1),
262         solve_bool(B,B1),
263         A1=B1,C=1.
265 %% Labeling 
266 label_bool([]).
267 label_bool([X|L]) :-
268         ( X=0;X=1),
269         label_bool(L).
271 /*                              % no write macros in SICStus and hProlog
273 bool_portray(and(A,B,C),Out):- !, Out = (A*B = C).
274 bool_portray(or(A,B,C),Out):- !, Out = (A+B = C).
275 bool_portray(xor(A,B,C),Out):- !, Out = (A#B = C).
276 bool_portray(neg(A,B),Out):- !, Out = (A= not(B)).
277 bool_portray(imp(A,B),Out):- !, Out = (A -> B).
278 bool_portray(card(A,B,L,N),Out):- !, Out = card(A,B,L).
280 :- define_macro(type(compound),bool_portray/2,[write]).
283 /* end of handler bool */
285 half_adder(X,Y,S,C) :-
286         xor(X,Y,S),
287         and(X,Y,C).
289 full_adder(X,Y,Ci,S,Co) :-
290         half_adder(X,Y,S1,Co1),
291         half_adder(Ci,S1,S,Co2),
292         or(Co1,Co2,Co).
294 main :-
295         main(60000).
297 main(N) :-
298         cputime(X),
299         adder(N),
300         cputime(Now),
301         Time is Now - X,
302         write(bench(bool, N, Time, 0, hprolog)),write('.'),nl.
304 adder(N) :-
305         length(Ys,N),
306         add(N,Ys).
308 add(N,[Y|Ys]) :-
309         half_adder(1,Y,0,C),
310         add0(Ys,C).
312 add0([],1).
313 add0([Y|Ys],C) :-
314         full_adder(0,Y,C,1,NC),
315         add1(Ys,NC).
317 add1([],0).
318 add1([Y|Ys],C) :-
319         full_adder(1,Y,C,0,NC),
320         add0(Ys,NC).
322 %cputime(Time) :-
323 %       statistics(runtime, [_,Time]).