1 // Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
3 // found in the LICENSE file.
5 #include "media/filters/skcanvas_video_renderer.h"
7 #include "gpu/GLES2/gl2extchromium.h"
8 #include "gpu/command_buffer/client/gles2_interface.h"
9 #include "gpu/command_buffer/common/mailbox_holder.h"
10 #include "media/base/video_frame.h"
11 #include "media/base/yuv_convert.h"
12 #include "skia/ext/refptr.h"
13 #include "third_party/libyuv/include/libyuv.h"
14 #include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkCanvas.h"
15 #include "third_party/skia/include/core/SkImageGenerator.h"
16 #include "third_party/skia/include/gpu/GrContext.h"
17 #include "third_party/skia/include/gpu/SkGrPixelRef.h"
18 #include "ui/gfx/skbitmap_operations.h"
20 // Skia internal format depends on a platform. On Android it is ABGR, on others
22 #if SK_B32_SHIFT == 0 && SK_G32_SHIFT == 8 && SK_R32_SHIFT == 16 && \
24 #define LIBYUV_I420_TO_ARGB libyuv::I420ToARGB
25 #define LIBYUV_I422_TO_ARGB libyuv::I422ToARGB
26 #elif SK_R32_SHIFT == 0 && SK_G32_SHIFT == 8 && SK_B32_SHIFT == 16 && \
28 #define LIBYUV_I420_TO_ARGB libyuv::I420ToABGR
29 #define LIBYUV_I422_TO_ARGB libyuv::I422ToABGR
31 #error Unexpected Skia ARGB_8888 layout!
38 // This class keeps two temporary resources; software bitmap, hardware bitmap.
39 // If both bitmap are created and then only software bitmap is updated every
40 // frame, hardware bitmap outlives until the media player dies. So we delete
41 // a temporary resource if it is not used for 3 sec.
42 const int kTemporaryResourceDeletionDelay
= 3; // Seconds;
44 bool IsYUV(media::VideoFrame::Format format
) {
46 case VideoFrame::YV12
:
47 case VideoFrame::YV16
:
48 case VideoFrame::I420
:
49 case VideoFrame::YV12A
:
50 case VideoFrame::YV12J
:
51 case VideoFrame::YV12HD
:
52 case VideoFrame::YV24
:
53 case VideoFrame::NV12
:
55 case VideoFrame::UNKNOWN
:
56 case VideoFrame::NATIVE_TEXTURE
:
57 #if defined(VIDEO_HOLE)
58 case VideoFrame::HOLE
:
59 #endif // defined(VIDEO_HOLE)
60 case VideoFrame::ARGB
:
63 NOTREACHED() << "Invalid videoframe format provided: " << format
;
67 bool IsJPEGColorSpace(media::VideoFrame::Format format
) {
69 case VideoFrame::YV12J
:
71 case VideoFrame::YV12
:
72 case VideoFrame::YV12HD
:
73 case VideoFrame::YV16
:
74 case VideoFrame::I420
:
75 case VideoFrame::YV12A
:
76 case VideoFrame::YV24
:
77 case VideoFrame::NV12
:
78 case VideoFrame::UNKNOWN
:
79 case VideoFrame::NATIVE_TEXTURE
:
80 #if defined(VIDEO_HOLE)
81 case VideoFrame::HOLE
:
82 #endif // defined(VIDEO_HOLE)
83 case VideoFrame::ARGB
:
86 NOTREACHED() << "Invalid videoframe format provided: " << format
;
90 bool IsYUVOrNative(media::VideoFrame::Format format
) {
91 return IsYUV(format
) || format
== media::VideoFrame::NATIVE_TEXTURE
;
94 bool IsSkBitmapProperlySizedTexture(const SkBitmap
* bitmap
,
95 const gfx::Size
& size
) {
96 return bitmap
->getTexture() && bitmap
->width() == size
.width() &&
97 bitmap
->height() == size
.height();
100 bool AllocateSkBitmapTexture(GrContext
* gr
,
102 const gfx::Size
& size
) {
105 // Use kRGBA_8888_GrPixelConfig, not kSkia8888_GrPixelConfig, to avoid
106 // RGBA to BGRA conversion.
107 desc
.fConfig
= kRGBA_8888_GrPixelConfig
;
108 desc
.fFlags
= kRenderTarget_GrTextureFlagBit
| kNoStencil_GrTextureFlagBit
;
110 desc
.fOrigin
= kTopLeft_GrSurfaceOrigin
;
111 desc
.fWidth
= size
.width();
112 desc
.fHeight
= size
.height();
113 skia::RefPtr
<GrTexture
> texture
= skia::AdoptRef(
114 gr
->refScratchTexture(desc
, GrContext::kExact_ScratchTexMatch
));
118 SkImageInfo info
= SkImageInfo::MakeN32Premul(desc
.fWidth
, desc
.fHeight
);
119 SkGrPixelRef
* pixel_ref
= SkNEW_ARGS(SkGrPixelRef
, (info
, texture
.get()));
122 bitmap
->setInfo(info
);
123 bitmap
->setPixelRef(pixel_ref
)->unref();
127 bool CopyVideoFrameTextureToSkBitmapTexture(VideoFrame
* video_frame
,
129 const Context3D
& context_3d
) {
130 // Check if we could reuse existing texture based bitmap.
131 // Otherwise, release existing texture based bitmap and allocate
132 // a new one based on video size.
133 if (!IsSkBitmapProperlySizedTexture(bitmap
,
134 video_frame
->visible_rect().size())) {
135 if (!AllocateSkBitmapTexture(context_3d
.gr_context
, bitmap
,
136 video_frame
->visible_rect().size())) {
141 unsigned texture_id
=
142 static_cast<unsigned>((bitmap
->getTexture())->getTextureHandle());
143 // If CopyVideoFrameTextureToGLTexture() changes the state of the
144 // |texture_id|, it's needed to invalidate the state cached in skia,
145 // but currently the state isn't changed.
146 SkCanvasVideoRenderer::CopyVideoFrameTextureToGLTexture(
147 context_3d
.gl
, video_frame
, texture_id
, 0, GL_RGBA
, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE
,
152 class SyncPointClientImpl
: public VideoFrame::SyncPointClient
{
154 explicit SyncPointClientImpl(gpu::gles2::GLES2Interface
* gl
) : gl_(gl
) {}
155 ~SyncPointClientImpl() override
{}
156 uint32
InsertSyncPoint() override
{ return gl_
->InsertSyncPointCHROMIUM(); }
157 void WaitSyncPoint(uint32 sync_point
) override
{
158 gl_
->WaitSyncPointCHROMIUM(sync_point
);
162 gpu::gles2::GLES2Interface
* gl_
;
164 DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(SyncPointClientImpl
);
167 } // anonymous namespace
169 // Generates an RGB image from a VideoFrame. Convert YUV to RGB plain on GPU.
170 class VideoImageGenerator
: public SkImageGenerator
{
172 VideoImageGenerator(const scoped_refptr
<VideoFrame
>& frame
) : frame_(frame
) {
173 DCHECK(frame_
.get());
175 ~VideoImageGenerator() override
{}
177 void set_frame(const scoped_refptr
<VideoFrame
>& frame
) { frame_
= frame
; }
180 bool onGetInfo(SkImageInfo
* info
) override
{
181 info
->fWidth
= frame_
->visible_rect().width();
182 info
->fHeight
= frame_
->visible_rect().height();
183 info
->fColorType
= kN32_SkColorType
;
184 info
->fAlphaType
= kPremul_SkAlphaType
;
188 bool onGetPixels(const SkImageInfo
& info
,
192 int* ctable_count
) override
{
197 // If skia couldn't do the YUV conversion on GPU, we will on CPU.
198 SkCanvasVideoRenderer::ConvertVideoFrameToRGBPixels(
199 frame_
, pixels
, row_bytes
);
203 bool onGetYUV8Planes(SkISize sizes
[3],
206 SkYUVColorSpace
* color_space
) override
{
207 if (!frame_
.get() || !IsYUV(frame_
->format()) ||
208 // TODO(rileya): Skia currently doesn't support Rec709 YUV conversion,
209 // Remove this case once it does. As-is we will fall back on the
210 // pure-software path in this case.
211 frame_
->format() == VideoFrame::YV12HD
) {
216 if (IsJPEGColorSpace(frame_
->format()))
217 *color_space
= kJPEG_SkYUVColorSpace
;
219 *color_space
= kRec601_SkYUVColorSpace
;
222 for (int plane
= VideoFrame::kYPlane
; plane
<= VideoFrame::kVPlane
;
227 VideoFrame::PlaneSize(frame_
->format(),
229 gfx::Size(frame_
->visible_rect().width(),
230 frame_
->visible_rect().height()));
231 sizes
[plane
].set(size
.width(), size
.height());
233 if (row_bytes
&& planes
) {
235 int y_shift
= (frame_
->format() == media::VideoFrame::YV16
) ? 0 : 1;
236 if (plane
== media::VideoFrame::kYPlane
) {
237 offset
= (frame_
->stride(media::VideoFrame::kYPlane
) *
238 frame_
->visible_rect().y()) +
239 frame_
->visible_rect().x();
241 offset
= (frame_
->stride(media::VideoFrame::kUPlane
) *
242 (frame_
->visible_rect().y() >> y_shift
)) +
243 (frame_
->visible_rect().x() >> 1);
245 row_bytes
[plane
] = static_cast<size_t>(frame_
->stride(plane
));
246 planes
[plane
] = frame_
->data(plane
) + offset
;
253 scoped_refptr
<VideoFrame
> frame_
;
255 DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(VideoImageGenerator
);
258 SkCanvasVideoRenderer::SkCanvasVideoRenderer()
259 : last_frame_timestamp_(media::kNoTimestamp()),
260 frame_deleting_timer_(
262 base::TimeDelta::FromSeconds(kTemporaryResourceDeletionDelay
),
264 &SkCanvasVideoRenderer::ResetLastFrame
),
265 accelerated_generator_(nullptr),
266 accelerated_last_frame_timestamp_(media::kNoTimestamp()),
267 accelerated_frame_deleting_timer_(
269 base::TimeDelta::FromSeconds(kTemporaryResourceDeletionDelay
),
271 &SkCanvasVideoRenderer::ResetAcceleratedLastFrame
) {
272 last_frame_
.setIsVolatile(true);
275 SkCanvasVideoRenderer::~SkCanvasVideoRenderer() {}
277 void SkCanvasVideoRenderer::Paint(const scoped_refptr
<VideoFrame
>& video_frame
,
279 const gfx::RectF
& dest_rect
,
281 SkXfermode::Mode mode
,
282 VideoRotation video_rotation
,
283 const Context3D
& context_3d
) {
289 dest
.set(dest_rect
.x(), dest_rect
.y(), dest_rect
.right(), dest_rect
.bottom());
292 paint
.setAlpha(alpha
);
294 // Paint black rectangle if there isn't a frame available or the
295 // frame has an unexpected format.
296 if (!video_frame
.get() || video_frame
->natural_size().IsEmpty() ||
297 !IsYUVOrNative(video_frame
->format())) {
298 canvas
->drawRect(dest
, paint
);
303 SkBitmap
* target_frame
= nullptr;
304 if (canvas
->getGrContext()) {
305 if (accelerated_last_frame_
.isNull() ||
306 video_frame
->timestamp() != accelerated_last_frame_timestamp_
) {
307 if (video_frame
->format() == VideoFrame::NATIVE_TEXTURE
) {
308 // Draw HW Video on HW Canvas.
309 DCHECK(context_3d
.gl
);
310 DCHECK(context_3d
.gr_context
);
311 if (accelerated_generator_
) {
312 // Reset SkBitmap used in SWVideo-to-HWCanvas path.
313 accelerated_last_frame_
.reset();
314 accelerated_generator_
= nullptr;
316 if (!CopyVideoFrameTextureToSkBitmapTexture(
317 video_frame
.get(), &accelerated_last_frame_
, context_3d
)) {
322 // Draw SW Video on HW Canvas.
323 if (!accelerated_generator_
&& !accelerated_last_frame_
.isNull()) {
324 // Reset SkBitmap used in HWVideo-to-HWCanvas path.
325 accelerated_last_frame_
.reset();
327 accelerated_generator_
= new VideoImageGenerator(video_frame
);
329 // Note: This takes ownership of |accelerated_generator_|.
330 if (!SkInstallDiscardablePixelRef(accelerated_generator_
,
331 &accelerated_last_frame_
)) {
336 DCHECK(video_frame
->visible_rect().width() ==
337 accelerated_last_frame_
.width() &&
338 video_frame
->visible_rect().height() ==
339 accelerated_last_frame_
.height());
341 accelerated_last_frame_timestamp_
= video_frame
->timestamp();
342 } else if (accelerated_generator_
) {
343 accelerated_generator_
->set_frame(video_frame
);
345 target_frame
= &accelerated_last_frame_
;
346 accelerated_frame_deleting_timer_
.Reset();
348 // Draw both SW and HW Video on SW Canvas.
349 if (last_frame_
.isNull() ||
350 video_frame
->timestamp() != last_frame_timestamp_
) {
351 // Check if |bitmap| needs to be (re)allocated.
352 if (last_frame_
.isNull() ||
353 last_frame_
.width() != video_frame
->visible_rect().width() ||
354 last_frame_
.height() != video_frame
->visible_rect().height()) {
355 last_frame_
.allocN32Pixels(video_frame
->visible_rect().width(),
356 video_frame
->visible_rect().height());
357 last_frame_
.setIsVolatile(true);
359 last_frame_
.lockPixels();
360 ConvertVideoFrameToRGBPixels(
361 video_frame
, last_frame_
.getPixels(), last_frame_
.rowBytes());
362 last_frame_
.notifyPixelsChanged();
363 last_frame_
.unlockPixels();
364 last_frame_timestamp_
= video_frame
->timestamp();
366 target_frame
= &last_frame_
;
367 frame_deleting_timer_
.Reset();
370 paint
.setXfermodeMode(mode
);
371 paint
.setFilterLevel(SkPaint::kLow_FilterLevel
);
373 bool need_transform
=
374 video_rotation
!= VIDEO_ROTATION_0
||
375 dest_rect
.size() != video_frame
->visible_rect().size() ||
376 !dest_rect
.origin().IsOrigin();
377 if (need_transform
) {
380 SkFloatToScalar(dest_rect
.x() + (dest_rect
.width() * 0.5f
)),
381 SkFloatToScalar(dest_rect
.y() + (dest_rect
.height() * 0.5f
)));
382 SkScalar angle
= SkFloatToScalar(0.0f
);
383 switch (video_rotation
) {
384 case VIDEO_ROTATION_0
:
386 case VIDEO_ROTATION_90
:
387 angle
= SkFloatToScalar(90.0f
);
389 case VIDEO_ROTATION_180
:
390 angle
= SkFloatToScalar(180.0f
);
392 case VIDEO_ROTATION_270
:
393 angle
= SkFloatToScalar(270.0f
);
396 canvas
->rotate(angle
);
398 gfx::SizeF rotated_dest_size
= dest_rect
.size();
399 if (video_rotation
== VIDEO_ROTATION_90
||
400 video_rotation
== VIDEO_ROTATION_270
) {
402 gfx::SizeF(rotated_dest_size
.height(), rotated_dest_size
.width());
405 SkFloatToScalar(rotated_dest_size
.width() / target_frame
->width()),
406 SkFloatToScalar(rotated_dest_size
.height() / target_frame
->height()));
407 canvas
->translate(-SkFloatToScalar(target_frame
->width() * 0.5f
),
408 -SkFloatToScalar(target_frame
->height() * 0.5f
));
410 canvas
->drawBitmap(*target_frame
, 0, 0, &paint
);
414 // SkCanvas::flush() causes the generator to generate SkImage, so delete
415 // |video_frame| not to be outlived.
416 if (canvas
->getGrContext() && accelerated_generator_
)
417 accelerated_generator_
->set_frame(nullptr);
420 void SkCanvasVideoRenderer::Copy(const scoped_refptr
<VideoFrame
>& video_frame
,
422 Paint(video_frame
, canvas
, video_frame
->visible_rect(), 0xff,
423 SkXfermode::kSrc_Mode
, media::VIDEO_ROTATION_0
, Context3D());
427 void SkCanvasVideoRenderer::ConvertVideoFrameToRGBPixels(
428 const scoped_refptr
<media::VideoFrame
>& video_frame
,
431 DCHECK(IsYUVOrNative(video_frame
->format()))
432 << video_frame
->format();
433 if (IsYUV(video_frame
->format())) {
434 DCHECK_EQ(video_frame
->stride(media::VideoFrame::kUPlane
),
435 video_frame
->stride(media::VideoFrame::kVPlane
));
439 size_t uv_offset
= 0;
440 if (IsYUV(video_frame
->format())) {
441 int y_shift
= (video_frame
->format() == media::VideoFrame::YV16
) ? 0 : 1;
442 // Use the "left" and "top" of the destination rect to locate the offset
443 // in Y, U and V planes.
444 y_offset
= (video_frame
->stride(media::VideoFrame::kYPlane
) *
445 video_frame
->visible_rect().y()) +
446 video_frame
->visible_rect().x();
447 // For format YV12, there is one U, V value per 2x2 block.
448 // For format YV16, there is one U, V value per 2x1 block.
449 uv_offset
= (video_frame
->stride(media::VideoFrame::kUPlane
) *
450 (video_frame
->visible_rect().y() >> y_shift
)) +
451 (video_frame
->visible_rect().x() >> 1);
454 switch (video_frame
->format()) {
455 case VideoFrame::YV12
:
456 case VideoFrame::I420
:
458 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kYPlane
) + y_offset
,
459 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kYPlane
),
460 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kUPlane
) + uv_offset
,
461 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kUPlane
),
462 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kVPlane
) + uv_offset
,
463 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kVPlane
),
464 static_cast<uint8
*>(rgb_pixels
),
466 video_frame
->visible_rect().width(),
467 video_frame
->visible_rect().height());
470 case VideoFrame::YV12J
:
472 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kYPlane
) + y_offset
,
473 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kUPlane
) + uv_offset
,
474 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kVPlane
) + uv_offset
,
475 static_cast<uint8
*>(rgb_pixels
),
476 video_frame
->visible_rect().width(),
477 video_frame
->visible_rect().height(),
478 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kYPlane
),
479 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kUPlane
),
484 case VideoFrame::YV12HD
:
486 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kYPlane
) + y_offset
,
487 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kUPlane
) + uv_offset
,
488 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kVPlane
) + uv_offset
,
489 static_cast<uint8
*>(rgb_pixels
),
490 video_frame
->visible_rect().width(),
491 video_frame
->visible_rect().height(),
492 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kYPlane
),
493 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kUPlane
),
498 case VideoFrame::YV16
:
500 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kYPlane
) + y_offset
,
501 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kYPlane
),
502 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kUPlane
) + uv_offset
,
503 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kUPlane
),
504 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kVPlane
) + uv_offset
,
505 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kVPlane
),
506 static_cast<uint8
*>(rgb_pixels
),
508 video_frame
->visible_rect().width(),
509 video_frame
->visible_rect().height());
512 case VideoFrame::YV12A
:
513 // Since libyuv doesn't support YUVA, fallback to media, which is not ARM
515 // TODO(fbarchard, mtomasz): Use libyuv, then copy the alpha channel.
517 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kYPlane
) + y_offset
,
518 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kUPlane
) + uv_offset
,
519 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kVPlane
) + uv_offset
,
520 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kAPlane
),
521 static_cast<uint8
*>(rgb_pixels
),
522 video_frame
->visible_rect().width(),
523 video_frame
->visible_rect().height(),
524 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kYPlane
),
525 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kUPlane
),
526 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kAPlane
),
531 case VideoFrame::YV24
:
533 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kYPlane
) + y_offset
,
534 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kYPlane
),
535 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kUPlane
) + uv_offset
,
536 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kUPlane
),
537 video_frame
->data(VideoFrame::kVPlane
) + uv_offset
,
538 video_frame
->stride(VideoFrame::kVPlane
),
539 static_cast<uint8
*>(rgb_pixels
),
541 video_frame
->visible_rect().width(),
542 video_frame
->visible_rect().height());
543 #if SK_R32_SHIFT == 0 && SK_G32_SHIFT == 8 && SK_B32_SHIFT == 16 && \
545 libyuv::ARGBToABGR(static_cast<uint8
*>(rgb_pixels
),
547 static_cast<uint8
*>(rgb_pixels
),
549 video_frame
->visible_rect().width(),
550 video_frame
->visible_rect().height());
554 case VideoFrame::NATIVE_TEXTURE
: {
557 SkImageInfo::MakeN32Premul(video_frame
->visible_rect().width(),
558 video_frame
->visible_rect().height()),
561 video_frame
->ReadPixelsFromNativeTexture(tmp
);
565 #if defined(VIDEO_HOLE)
566 case VideoFrame::HOLE
:
567 #endif // defined(VIDEO_HOLE)
568 case VideoFrame::ARGB
:
569 case VideoFrame::UNKNOWN
:
570 case VideoFrame::NV12
:
576 void SkCanvasVideoRenderer::CopyVideoFrameTextureToGLTexture(
577 gpu::gles2::GLES2Interface
* gl
,
578 VideoFrame
* video_frame
,
579 unsigned int texture
,
581 unsigned int internal_format
,
583 bool premultiply_alpha
,
585 DCHECK(video_frame
&& video_frame
->format() == VideoFrame::NATIVE_TEXTURE
);
586 const gpu::MailboxHolder
* mailbox_holder
= video_frame
->mailbox_holder();
587 DCHECK(mailbox_holder
->texture_target
== GL_TEXTURE_2D
||
588 mailbox_holder
->texture_target
== GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB
||
589 mailbox_holder
->texture_target
== GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES
);
591 gl
->WaitSyncPointCHROMIUM(mailbox_holder
->sync_point
);
592 uint32 source_texture
= gl
->CreateAndConsumeTextureCHROMIUM(
593 mailbox_holder
->texture_target
, mailbox_holder
->mailbox
.name
);
595 // The video is stored in a unmultiplied format, so premultiply
597 gl
->PixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_PREMULTIPLY_ALPHA_CHROMIUM
, premultiply_alpha
);
598 // Application itself needs to take care of setting the right |flip_y|
599 // value down to get the expected result.
600 // "flip_y == true" means to reverse the video orientation while
601 // "flip_y == false" means to keep the intrinsic orientation.
602 gl
->PixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_FLIP_Y_CHROMIUM
, flip_y
);
603 gl
->CopyTextureCHROMIUM(GL_TEXTURE_2D
, source_texture
, texture
, level
,
604 internal_format
, type
);
605 gl
->PixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_FLIP_Y_CHROMIUM
, false);
606 gl
->PixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_PREMULTIPLY_ALPHA_CHROMIUM
, false);
608 gl
->DeleteTextures(1, &source_texture
);
611 SyncPointClientImpl
client(gl
);
612 video_frame
->UpdateReleaseSyncPoint(&client
);
615 void SkCanvasVideoRenderer::ResetLastFrame() {
617 last_frame_timestamp_
= media::kNoTimestamp();
620 void SkCanvasVideoRenderer::ResetAcceleratedLastFrame() {
621 accelerated_last_frame_
.reset();
622 accelerated_generator_
= nullptr;
623 accelerated_last_frame_timestamp_
= media::kNoTimestamp();