ash/drag_drop/drag_drop_controller.cc

   1 // Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
   2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
   3 // found in the LICENSE file.
   4
   5 #include "ash/drag_drop/drag_drop_controller.h"
   6
   7 #include "ash/drag_drop/drag_drop_tracker.h"
   8 #include "ash/drag_drop/drag_image_view.h"
   9 #include "ash/shell.h"
  10 #include "base/bind.h"
  11 #include "base/message_loop/message_loop.h"
  12 #include "base/metrics/histogram_macros.h"
  13 #include "base/run_loop.h"
  14 #include "ui/aura/client/capture_client.h"
  15 #include "ui/aura/env.h"
  16 #include "ui/aura/window.h"
  17 #include "ui/aura/window_delegate.h"
  18 #include "ui/aura/window_event_dispatcher.h"
  19 #include "ui/base/dragdrop/drag_drop_types.h"
  20 #include "ui/base/dragdrop/os_exchange_data.h"
  21 #include "ui/base/hit_test.h"
  22 #include "ui/events/event.h"
  23 #include "ui/events/event_utils.h"
  24 #include "ui/gfx/animation/linear_animation.h"
  25 #include "ui/gfx/geometry/point.h"
  26 #include "ui/gfx/geometry/rect.h"
  27 #include "ui/gfx/geometry/rect_conversions.h"
  28 #include "ui/gfx/path.h"
  29 #include "ui/views/widget/native_widget_aura.h"
  30 #include "ui/wm/core/coordinate_conversion.h"
  31 #include "ui/wm/public/drag_drop_delegate.h"
  32
  33 namespace ash {
  34 namespace {
  35
  36 // The duration of the drag cancel animation in millisecond.
  37 const int kCancelAnimationDuration = 250;
  38 const int kTouchCancelAnimationDuration = 20;
  39 // The frame rate of the drag cancel animation in hertz.
  40 const int kCancelAnimationFrameRate = 60;
  41
  42 // For touch initiated dragging, we scale and shift drag image by the following:
  43 static const float kTouchDragImageScale = 1.2f;
  44 static const int kTouchDragImageVerticalOffset = -25;
  45
  46 // Adjusts the drag image bounds such that the new bounds are scaled by |scale|
  47 // and translated by the |drag_image_offset| and and additional
  48 // |vertical_offset|.
  49 gfx::Rect AdjustDragImageBoundsForScaleAndOffset(
  50     const gfx::Rect& drag_image_bounds,
  51     int vertical_offset,
  52     float scale,
  53     gfx::Vector2d* drag_image_offset) {
  54   gfx::PointF final_origin = drag_image_bounds.origin();
  55   gfx::SizeF final_size = drag_image_bounds.size();
  56   final_size.Scale(scale);
  57   drag_image_offset->set_x(drag_image_offset->x() * scale);
  58   drag_image_offset->set_y(drag_image_offset->y() * scale);
  59   float total_x_offset = drag_image_offset->x();
  60   float total_y_offset = drag_image_offset->y() - vertical_offset;
  61   final_origin.Offset(-total_x_offset, -total_y_offset);
  62   return gfx::ToEnclosingRect(gfx::RectF(final_origin, final_size));
  63 }
  64
  65 void DispatchGestureEndToWindow(aura::Window* window) {
  66   if (window && window->delegate()) {
  67     ui::GestureEvent gesture_end(0,
  68                                  0,
  69                                  0,
  70                                  ui::EventTimeForNow(),
  71                                  ui::GestureEventDetails(ui::ET_GESTURE_END));
  72     window->delegate()->OnGestureEvent(&gesture_end);
  73   }
  74 }
  75 }  // namespace
  76
  77 class DragDropTrackerDelegate : public aura::WindowDelegate {
  78  public:
  79   explicit DragDropTrackerDelegate(DragDropController* controller)
  80       : drag_drop_controller_(controller) {}
  81   ~DragDropTrackerDelegate() override {}
  82
  83   // Overridden from WindowDelegate:
  84   gfx::Size GetMinimumSize() const override { return gfx::Size(); }
  85
  86   gfx::Size GetMaximumSize() const override { return gfx::Size(); }
  87
  88   void OnBoundsChanged(const gfx::Rect& old_bounds,
  89                        const gfx::Rect& new_bounds) override {}
  90   gfx::NativeCursor GetCursor(const gfx::Point& point) override {
  91     return gfx::kNullCursor;
  92   }
  93   int GetNonClientComponent(const gfx::Point& point) const override {
  94     return HTCAPTION;
  95   }
  96   bool ShouldDescendIntoChildForEventHandling(
  97       aura::Window* child,
  98       const gfx::Point& location) override {
  99     return true;
 100   }
 101   bool CanFocus() override { return true; }
 102   void OnCaptureLost() override {
 103     if (drag_drop_controller_->IsDragDropInProgress())
 104       drag_drop_controller_->DragCancel();
 105   }
 106   void OnPaint(const ui::PaintContext& context) override {}
 107   void OnDeviceScaleFactorChanged(float device_scale_factor) override {}
 108   void OnWindowDestroying(aura::Window* window) override {}
 109   void OnWindowDestroyed(aura::Window* window) override {}
 110   void OnWindowTargetVisibilityChanged(bool visible) override {}
 111   bool HasHitTestMask() const override { return true; }
 112   void GetHitTestMask(gfx::Path* mask) const override {
 113     DCHECK(mask->isEmpty());
 114   }
 115
 116  private:
 117   DragDropController* drag_drop_controller_;
 118
 119   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(DragDropTrackerDelegate);
 120 };
 121
 122 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 123 // DragDropController, public:
 124
 125 DragDropController::DragDropController()
 126     : drag_data_(NULL),
 127       drag_operation_(0),
 128       drag_window_(NULL),
 129       drag_source_window_(NULL),
 130       should_block_during_drag_drop_(true),
 131       drag_drop_window_delegate_(new DragDropTrackerDelegate(this)),
 132       current_drag_event_source_(ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_EVENT_SOURCE_MOUSE),
 133       weak_factory_(this) {
 134   Shell::GetInstance()->PrependPreTargetHandler(this);
 135 }
 136
 137 DragDropController::~DragDropController() {
 138   Shell::GetInstance()->RemovePreTargetHandler(this);
 139   Cleanup();
 140   if (cancel_animation_)
 141     cancel_animation_->End();
 142   if (drag_image_)
 143     drag_image_.reset();
 144 }
 145
 146 int DragDropController::StartDragAndDrop(
 147     const ui::OSExchangeData& data,
 148     aura::Window* root_window,
 149     aura::Window* source_window,
 150     const gfx::Point& screen_location,
 151     int operation,
 152     ui::DragDropTypes::DragEventSource source) {
 153   if (IsDragDropInProgress())
 154     return 0;
 155
 156   const ui::OSExchangeData::Provider* provider = &data.provider();
 157   // We do not support touch drag/drop without a drag image.
 158   if (source == ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_EVENT_SOURCE_TOUCH &&
 159       provider->GetDragImage().size().IsEmpty())
 160     return 0;
 161
 162   UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("Event.DragDrop.Start", source,
 163                             ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_EVENT_SOURCE_COUNT);
 164
 165   current_drag_event_source_ = source;
 166   DragDropTracker* tracker =
 167       new DragDropTracker(root_window, drag_drop_window_delegate_.get());
 168   if (source == ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_EVENT_SOURCE_TOUCH) {
 169     // We need to transfer the current gesture sequence and the GR's touch event
 170     // queue to the |drag_drop_tracker_|'s capture window so that when it takes
 171     // capture, it still gets a valid gesture state.
 172     ui::GestureRecognizer::Get()->TransferEventsTo(source_window,
 173         tracker->capture_window());
 174     // We also send a gesture end to the source window so it can clear state.
 175     // TODO(varunjain): Remove this whole block when gesture sequence
 176     // transferring is properly done in the GR (http://crbug.com/160558)
 177     DispatchGestureEndToWindow(source_window);
 178   }
 179   tracker->TakeCapture();
 180   drag_drop_tracker_.reset(tracker);
 181   drag_source_window_ = source_window;
 182   if (drag_source_window_)
 183     drag_source_window_->AddObserver(this);
 184   pending_long_tap_.reset();
 185
 186   drag_data_ = &data;
 187   drag_operation_ = operation;
 188
 189   float drag_image_scale = 1;
 190   int drag_image_vertical_offset = 0;
 191   if (source == ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_EVENT_SOURCE_TOUCH) {
 192     drag_image_scale = kTouchDragImageScale;
 193     drag_image_vertical_offset = kTouchDragImageVerticalOffset;
 194   }
 195   gfx::Point start_location = screen_location;
 196   drag_image_final_bounds_for_cancel_animation_ = gfx::Rect(
 197       start_location - provider->GetDragImageOffset(),
 198       provider->GetDragImage().size());
 199   drag_image_.reset(new DragImageView(source_window->GetRootWindow(), source));
 200   drag_image_->SetImage(provider->GetDragImage());
 201   drag_image_offset_ = provider->GetDragImageOffset();
 202   gfx::Rect drag_image_bounds(start_location, drag_image_->GetPreferredSize());
 203   drag_image_bounds = AdjustDragImageBoundsForScaleAndOffset(drag_image_bounds,
 204       drag_image_vertical_offset, drag_image_scale, &drag_image_offset_);
 205   drag_image_->SetBoundsInScreen(drag_image_bounds);
 206   drag_image_->SetWidgetVisible(true);
 207   if (source == ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_EVENT_SOURCE_TOUCH) {
 208     drag_image_->SetTouchDragOperationHintPosition(gfx::Point(
 209         drag_image_offset_.x(),
 210         drag_image_offset_.y() + drag_image_vertical_offset));
 211   }
 212
 213   drag_window_ = NULL;
 214
 215   // Ends cancel animation if it's in progress.
 216   if (cancel_animation_)
 217     cancel_animation_->End();
 218
 219   if (should_block_during_drag_drop_) {
 220     base::RunLoop run_loop;
 221     quit_closure_ = run_loop.QuitClosure();
 222     base::MessageLoopForUI* loop = base::MessageLoopForUI::current();
 223     base::MessageLoop::ScopedNestableTaskAllower allow_nested(loop);
 224     run_loop.Run();
 225   }
 226
 227   if (drag_operation_ == 0) {
 228     UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("Event.DragDrop.Cancel", source,
 229                               ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_EVENT_SOURCE_COUNT);
 230   } else {
 231     UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION("Event.DragDrop.Drop", source,
 232                               ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_EVENT_SOURCE_COUNT);
 233   }
 234
 235   if (!cancel_animation_.get() || !cancel_animation_->is_animating() ||
 236       !pending_long_tap_.get()) {
 237     // If drag cancel animation is running, this cleanup is done when the
 238     // animation completes.
 239     if (drag_source_window_)
 240       drag_source_window_->RemoveObserver(this);
 241     drag_source_window_ = NULL;
 242   }
 243
 244   return drag_operation_;
 245 }
 246
 247 void DragDropController::DragUpdate(aura::Window* target,
 248                                     const ui::LocatedEvent& event) {
 249   int op = ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_NONE;
 250   if (target != drag_window_) {
 251     if (drag_window_) {
 252       aura::client::DragDropDelegate* delegate =
 253           aura::client::GetDragDropDelegate(drag_window_);
 254       if (delegate)
 255         delegate->OnDragExited();
 256       if (drag_window_ != drag_source_window_)
 257         drag_window_->RemoveObserver(this);
 258     }
 259     drag_window_ = target;
 260     // We are already an observer of |drag_source_window_| so no need to add.
 261     if (drag_window_ != drag_source_window_)
 262       drag_window_->AddObserver(this);
 263     aura::client::DragDropDelegate* delegate =
 264         aura::client::GetDragDropDelegate(drag_window_);
 265     if (delegate) {
 266       ui::DropTargetEvent e(*drag_data_,
 267                             event.location(),
 268                             event.root_location(),
 269                             drag_operation_);
 270       e.set_flags(event.flags());
 271       delegate->OnDragEntered(e);
 272     }
 273   } else {
 274     aura::client::DragDropDelegate* delegate =
 275         aura::client::GetDragDropDelegate(drag_window_);
 276     if (delegate) {
 277       ui::DropTargetEvent e(*drag_data_,
 278                             event.location(),
 279                             event.root_location(),
 280                             drag_operation_);
 281       e.set_flags(event.flags());
 282       op = delegate->OnDragUpdated(e);
 283       gfx::NativeCursor cursor = ui::kCursorNoDrop;
 284       if (op & ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_COPY)
 285         cursor = ui::kCursorCopy;
 286       else if (op & ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_LINK)
 287         cursor = ui::kCursorAlias;
 288       else if (op & ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_MOVE)
 289         cursor = ui::kCursorGrabbing;
 290       ash::Shell::GetInstance()->cursor_manager()->SetCursor(cursor);
 291     }
 292   }
 293
 294   DCHECK(drag_image_.get());
 295   if (drag_image_->visible()) {
 296     gfx::Point root_location_in_screen = event.root_location();
 297     ::wm::ConvertPointToScreen(target->GetRootWindow(),
 298                                &root_location_in_screen);
 299     drag_image_->SetScreenPosition(
 300         root_location_in_screen - drag_image_offset_);
 301     drag_image_->SetTouchDragOperation(op);
 302   }
 303 }
 304
 305 void DragDropController::Drop(aura::Window* target,
 306                               const ui::LocatedEvent& event) {
 307   ash::Shell::GetInstance()->cursor_manager()->SetCursor(ui::kCursorPointer);
 308
 309   // We must guarantee that a target gets a OnDragEntered before Drop. WebKit
 310   // depends on not getting a Drop without DragEnter. This behavior is
 311   // consistent with drag/drop on other platforms.
 312   if (target != drag_window_)
 313     DragUpdate(target, event);
 314   DCHECK(target == drag_window_);
 315
 316   aura::client::DragDropDelegate* delegate =
 317       aura::client::GetDragDropDelegate(target);
 318   if (delegate) {
 319     ui::DropTargetEvent e(
 320         *drag_data_, event.location(), event.root_location(), drag_operation_);
 321     e.set_flags(event.flags());
 322     drag_operation_ = delegate->OnPerformDrop(e);
 323     if (drag_operation_ == 0)
 324       StartCanceledAnimation(kCancelAnimationDuration);
 325     else
 326       drag_image_.reset();
 327   } else {
 328     drag_image_.reset();
 329   }
 330
 331   Cleanup();
 332   if (should_block_during_drag_drop_)
 333     quit_closure_.Run();
 334 }
 335
 336 void DragDropController::DragCancel() {
 337   DoDragCancel(kCancelAnimationDuration);
 338 }
 339
 340 bool DragDropController::IsDragDropInProgress() {
 341   return !!drag_drop_tracker_.get();
 342 }
 343
 344 void DragDropController::OnKeyEvent(ui::KeyEvent* event) {
 345   if (IsDragDropInProgress() && event->key_code() == ui::VKEY_ESCAPE) {
 346     DragCancel();
 347     event->StopPropagation();
 348   }
 349 }
 350
 351 void DragDropController::OnMouseEvent(ui::MouseEvent* event) {
 352   if (!IsDragDropInProgress())
 353     return;
 354
 355   // If current drag session was not started by mouse, dont process this mouse
 356   // event, but consume it so it does not interfere with current drag session.
 357   if (current_drag_event_source_ !=
 358       ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_EVENT_SOURCE_MOUSE) {
 359     event->StopPropagation();
 360     return;
 361   }
 362
 363   aura::Window* translated_target = drag_drop_tracker_->GetTarget(*event);
 364   if (!translated_target) {
 365     DragCancel();
 366     event->StopPropagation();
 367     return;
 368   }
 369   scoped_ptr<ui::LocatedEvent> translated_event(
 370       drag_drop_tracker_->ConvertEvent(translated_target, *event));
 371   switch (translated_event->type()) {
 372     case ui::ET_MOUSE_DRAGGED:
 373       DragUpdate(translated_target, *translated_event.get());
 374       break;
 375     case ui::ET_MOUSE_RELEASED:
 376       Drop(translated_target, *translated_event.get());
 377       break;
 378     default:
 379       // We could also reach here because RootWindow may sometimes generate a
 380       // bunch of fake mouse events
 381       // (aura::RootWindow::PostMouseMoveEventAfterWindowChange).
 382       break;
 383   }
 384   event->StopPropagation();
 385 }
 386
 387 void DragDropController::OnTouchEvent(ui::TouchEvent* event) {
 388   if (!IsDragDropInProgress())
 389     return;
 390
 391   // If current drag session was not started by touch, dont process this touch
 392   // event, but consume it so it does not interfere with current drag session.
 393   if (current_drag_event_source_ != ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_EVENT_SOURCE_TOUCH)
 394     event->StopPropagation();
 395
 396   if (event->handled())
 397     return;
 398
 399   if (event->type() == ui::ET_TOUCH_CANCELLED)
 400     DragCancel();
 401 }
 402
 403 void DragDropController::OnGestureEvent(ui::GestureEvent* event) {
 404   if (!IsDragDropInProgress())
 405     return;
 406
 407   // No one else should handle gesture events when in drag drop. Note that it is
 408   // not enough to just set ER_HANDLED because the dispatcher only stops
 409   // dispatching when the event has ER_CONSUMED. If we just set ER_HANDLED, the
 410   // event will still be dispatched to other handlers and we depend on
 411   // individual handlers' kindness to not touch events marked ER_HANDLED (not
 412   // all handlers are so kind and may cause bugs like crbug.com/236493).
 413   event->StopPropagation();
 414
 415   // If current drag session was not started by touch, dont process this event.
 416   if (current_drag_event_source_ != ui::DragDropTypes::DRAG_EVENT_SOURCE_TOUCH)
 417     return;
 418
 419   // Apply kTouchDragImageVerticalOffset to the location.
 420   ui::GestureEvent touch_offset_event(*event,
 421                                       static_cast<aura::Window*>(NULL),
 422                                       static_cast<aura::Window*>(NULL));
 423   gfx::Point touch_offset_location = touch_offset_event.location();
 424   gfx::Point touch_offset_root_location = touch_offset_event.root_location();
 425   touch_offset_location.Offset(0, kTouchDragImageVerticalOffset);
 426   touch_offset_root_location.Offset(0, kTouchDragImageVerticalOffset);
 427   touch_offset_event.set_location(touch_offset_location);
 428   touch_offset_event.set_root_location(touch_offset_root_location);
 429
 430   aura::Window* translated_target =
 431       drag_drop_tracker_->GetTarget(touch_offset_event);
 432   if (!translated_target) {
 433     DragCancel();
 434     event->SetHandled();
 435     return;
 436   }
 437   scoped_ptr<ui::LocatedEvent> translated_event(
 438       drag_drop_tracker_->ConvertEvent(translated_target, touch_offset_event));
 439
 440   switch (event->type()) {
 441     case ui::ET_GESTURE_SCROLL_UPDATE:
 442       DragUpdate(translated_target, *translated_event.get());
 443       break;
 444     case ui::ET_GESTURE_SCROLL_END:
 445     case ui::ET_SCROLL_FLING_START:
 446       Drop(translated_target, *translated_event.get());
 447       break;
 448     case ui::ET_GESTURE_LONG_TAP:
 449       // Ideally we would want to just forward this long tap event to the
 450       // |drag_source_window_|. However, webkit does not accept events while a
 451       // drag drop is still in progress. The drag drop ends only when the nested
 452       // message loop ends. Due to this stupidity, we have to defer forwarding
 453       // the long tap.
 454       pending_long_tap_.reset(
 455           new ui::GestureEvent(*event,
 456               static_cast<aura::Window*>(drag_drop_tracker_->capture_window()),
 457               static_cast<aura::Window*>(drag_source_window_)));
 458       DoDragCancel(kTouchCancelAnimationDuration);
 459       break;
 460     default:
 461       break;
 462   }
 463   event->SetHandled();
 464 }
 465
 466 void DragDropController::OnWindowDestroyed(aura::Window* window) {
 467   if (drag_window_ == window)
 468     drag_window_ = NULL;
 469   if (drag_source_window_ == window)
 470     drag_source_window_ = NULL;
 471 }
 472
 473 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 474 // DragDropController, protected:
 475
 476 gfx::LinearAnimation* DragDropController::CreateCancelAnimation(
 477     int duration,
 478     int frame_rate,
 479     gfx::AnimationDelegate* delegate) {
 480   return new gfx::LinearAnimation(duration, frame_rate, delegate);
 481 }
 482
 483 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 484 // DragDropController, private:
 485
 486 void DragDropController::AnimationEnded(const gfx::Animation* animation) {
 487   cancel_animation_.reset();
 488
 489   // By the time we finish animation, another drag/drop session may have
 490   // started. We do not want to destroy the drag image in that case.
 491   if (!IsDragDropInProgress())
 492     drag_image_.reset();
 493   if (pending_long_tap_) {
 494     // If not in a nested message loop, we can forward the long tap right now.
 495     if (!should_block_during_drag_drop_) {
 496       ForwardPendingLongTap();
 497     } else {
 498       // See comment about this in OnGestureEvent().
 499       base::MessageLoopForUI::current()->PostTask(
 500           FROM_HERE,
 501           base::Bind(&DragDropController::ForwardPendingLongTap,
 502                      weak_factory_.GetWeakPtr()));
 503     }
 504   }
 505 }
 506
 507 void DragDropController::DoDragCancel(int drag_cancel_animation_duration_ms) {
 508   ash::Shell::GetInstance()->cursor_manager()->SetCursor(ui::kCursorPointer);
 509
 510   // |drag_window_| can be NULL if we have just started the drag and have not
 511   // received any DragUpdates, or, if the |drag_window_| gets destroyed during
 512   // a drag/drop.
 513   aura::client::DragDropDelegate* delegate = drag_window_?
 514       aura::client::GetDragDropDelegate(drag_window_) : NULL;
 515   if (delegate)
 516     delegate->OnDragExited();
 517
 518   Cleanup();
 519   drag_operation_ = 0;
 520   StartCanceledAnimation(drag_cancel_animation_duration_ms);
 521   if (should_block_during_drag_drop_)
 522     quit_closure_.Run();
 523 }
 524
 525 void DragDropController::AnimationProgressed(const gfx::Animation* animation) {
 526   gfx::Rect current_bounds = animation->CurrentValueBetween(
 527       drag_image_initial_bounds_for_cancel_animation_,
 528       drag_image_final_bounds_for_cancel_animation_);
 529   drag_image_->SetBoundsInScreen(current_bounds);
 530 }
 531
 532 void DragDropController::AnimationCanceled(const gfx::Animation* animation) {
 533   AnimationEnded(animation);
 534 }
 535
 536 void DragDropController::StartCanceledAnimation(int animation_duration_ms) {
 537   DCHECK(drag_image_.get());
 538   drag_image_->SetTouchDragOperationHintOff();
 539   drag_image_initial_bounds_for_cancel_animation_ =
 540       drag_image_->GetBoundsInScreen();
 541   cancel_animation_.reset(CreateCancelAnimation(animation_duration_ms,
 542                                                 kCancelAnimationFrameRate,
 543                                                 this));
 544   cancel_animation_->Start();
 545 }
 546
 547 void DragDropController::ForwardPendingLongTap() {
 548   if (drag_source_window_ && drag_source_window_->delegate()) {
 549     drag_source_window_->delegate()->OnGestureEvent(pending_long_tap_.get());
 550     DispatchGestureEndToWindow(drag_source_window_);
 551   }
 552   pending_long_tap_.reset();
 553   if (drag_source_window_)
 554     drag_source_window_->RemoveObserver(this);
 555   drag_source_window_ = NULL;
 556 }
 557
 558 void DragDropController::Cleanup() {
 559   if (drag_window_)
 560     drag_window_->RemoveObserver(this);
 561   drag_window_ = NULL;
 562   drag_data_ = NULL;
 563   // Cleanup can be called again while deleting DragDropTracker, so delete
 564   // the pointer with a local variable to avoid double free.
 565   scoped_ptr<ash::DragDropTracker> holder = drag_drop_tracker_.Pass();
 566 }
 567
 568 }  // namespace ash