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3 \______ \ |__| ____ _____ _______ ___.__.
4 | | _/ | | / \ \__ \ \_ __ \ < | |
5 | | \ | | | | \ / __ \_ | | \/ \___ |
6 |______ / |__| |___| / (____ / |__| / ____|
8 _________ .__ ___________ .__
9 / _____/ |__| ________ ____ \__ ___/ ____ ____ | |
10 \_____ \ | | \___ / _/ __ \ | | / _ \ / _ \ | |
11 / \ | | / / \ ___/ | | ( <_> ) ( <_> ) | |__
12 /_______ / |__| /_____ \ \___ > |____| \____/ \____/ |____/
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19 The ever-increasing size of binaries is a problem for everybody. Increased
20 binary size means longer download times and a bigger on-disk footprint after
21 installation. Mobile devices suffer the worst, as they frequently have
22 sub-optimal connectivity and limited storage capacity. Developers currently
23 have almost no visibility into how the space in the existing binaries is
24 divided nor how their contributions change the space within those binaries.
25 The first step to reducing the size of binaries is to make the size information
26 accessible to everyone so that developers can take action.
28 The Binary Size Tool does the following:
29 1. Runs "nm" on a specified binary to dump the symbol table
30 2. Runs a parallel pool of "addr2line" processes to map the symbols from the
31 symbol table back to source code (way faster than running "nm -l")
32 3. Creates (and optionally saves) an intermediate file that accurately mimcs
33 (binary compatible with) the "nm" output format, with all the source code
35 4. Parses, sorts and analyzes the results
36 5. Generates an HTML-based report in the specified output directory
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42 Running the tool is fairly simply. For the sake of this example we will
43 pretend that you are building the Content Shell APK for Android.
45 1. Build your product as you normally would, e.g.:
46 ninja -C out/Release -j 100 content_shell_apk
48 2. Build the "binary_size_tool" target from ../../build/all_android.gyp, e.g.:
49 ninja -C out/Release binary_size_tool
51 3. Run the tool specifying the library and the output report directory.
52 This command will run the analysis on the Content Shell native library for
53 Android using the nm/addr2line binaries from the Android NDK for ARM,
54 producing an HTML report in /tmp/report:
55 tools/binary_size/run_binary_size_analysis.py \
56 --library out/Release/lib/libcontent_shell_content_view.so \
57 --destdir /tmp/report \
60 Of course, there are additional options that you can see by running the tool
63 This whole process takes about an hour on a modern (circa 2014) quad-core
64 machine. If you have LOTS of RAM, you can use the "--jobs" argument to
65 add more addr2line workers; doing so will *greatly* reduce the processing time
66 but will devour system memory. If you've got the horsepower, 10 workers can
67 thrash through the binary in about 5 minutes at a cost of around 60 GB of RAM.
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72 When the tool finishes its work you'll find an HTML report in the output
73 directory that you specified with "--destdir". Open the index.html file in your
74 *cough* browser of choice *cough* and have a look around. The index.html page
75 is likely to evolve over time, but will always be your starting point for
76 investigation. From here you'll find links to various views of the data such
77 as treemap visualizations, overall statistics and "top n" lists of various
80 The report is completely standalone. No external resources are required, so the
81 report may be saved and viewed offline with no problems.
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86 The tool is not perfect and has several shortcomings:
88 * Not all space in the binary is accounted for. The cause is still under
90 * When dealing with inlining and such, the size cost is attributed to the
91 resource in which the code gets inlined. Depending upon your goals for
92 analysis, this may be either good or bad; fundamentally, the more trickery
93 that the compiler and/or linker do, the less simple the relationship
94 between the original source and the resultant binary.
95 * The tool is partly written in Java, temporarily tying it to Android
96 purely and solely because it needs Java build logic which is only defined
97 in the Android part of the build system. The Java portions need to be
98 rewritten in Python so we can decouple from Android, or we need to find
99 an alternative (readelf, linker maps, etc) to running nm/addr2line.
100 * The Java code assumes that the library file is within a Chromium release
101 directory. This limits it to Chromium-based binaries only.
102 * The Java code has a hack to accurately identify the source of ICU data
103 within the Chromium source tree due to missing size information in the ICU
104 ASM output in some build variants.
105 * The Python script assumes that arm-based and mips-based nm/addr2line
106 binaries exist in ../../third_party/android_tools/ndk/toolchains. This is
107 true only when dealing with Android and again limits the tool to
108 Chromium-based binaries.
109 * The Python script uses build system variables to construct the classpath
110 for running the Java code.
111 * The Javascript code in the HTML report Assumes code lives in Chromium for
112 generated hyperlinks and will not hyperlink any file that starts with the
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116 Feature Requests and Bug Reports
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118 Please file bugs and feature requests here, making sure to use the label
120 https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/entry?labels=Binary-Size-Tool
122 View all open issues here:
123 https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/list?can=2&q=label:Binary-Size-Tool