1 // Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
3 // found in the LICENSE file.
5 #include "content/browser/zygote_host/zygote_host_impl_linux.h"
8 #include <sys/socket.h>
10 #include <sys/types.h>
13 #include "base/base_switches.h"
14 #include "base/command_line.h"
15 #include "base/environment.h"
16 #include "base/files/file_enumerator.h"
17 #include "base/files/file_util.h"
18 #include "base/files/scoped_file.h"
19 #include "base/linux_util.h"
20 #include "base/logging.h"
21 #include "base/memory/linked_ptr.h"
22 #include "base/memory/scoped_ptr.h"
23 #include "base/memory/scoped_vector.h"
24 #include "base/metrics/histogram.h"
25 #include "base/metrics/sparse_histogram.h"
26 #include "base/path_service.h"
27 #include "base/posix/eintr_wrapper.h"
28 #include "base/posix/unix_domain_socket_linux.h"
29 #include "base/process/launch.h"
30 #include "base/process/memory.h"
31 #include "base/process/process_handle.h"
32 #include "base/strings/string_number_conversions.h"
33 #include "base/strings/string_util.h"
34 #include "base/strings/utf_string_conversions.h"
35 #include "base/time/time.h"
36 #include "content/browser/renderer_host/render_sandbox_host_linux.h"
37 #include "content/common/child_process_sandbox_support_impl_linux.h"
38 #include "content/common/zygote_commands_linux.h"
39 #include "content/public/browser/content_browser_client.h"
40 #include "content/public/common/content_switches.h"
41 #include "content/public/common/result_codes.h"
42 #include "sandbox/linux/services/credentials.h"
43 #include "sandbox/linux/services/namespace_sandbox.h"
44 #include "sandbox/linux/services/namespace_utils.h"
45 #include "sandbox/linux/suid/client/setuid_sandbox_host.h"
46 #include "sandbox/linux/suid/common/sandbox.h"
47 #include "ui/base/ui_base_switches.h"
48 #include "ui/gfx/switches.h"
50 #if defined(USE_TCMALLOC)
51 #include "third_party/tcmalloc/chromium/src/gperftools/heap-profiler.h"
58 // Receive a fixed message on fd and return the sender's PID.
59 // Returns true if the message received matches the expected message.
60 bool ReceiveFixedMessage(int fd
,
61 const char* expect_msg
,
63 base::ProcessId
* sender_pid
) {
64 char buf
[expect_len
+ 1];
65 ScopedVector
<base::ScopedFD
> fds_vec
;
67 const ssize_t len
= base::UnixDomainSocket::RecvMsgWithPid(
68 fd
, buf
, sizeof(buf
), &fds_vec
, sender_pid
);
69 if (static_cast<size_t>(len
) != expect_len
)
71 if (memcmp(buf
, expect_msg
, expect_len
) != 0)
81 ZygoteHost
* ZygoteHost::GetInstance() {
82 return ZygoteHostImpl::GetInstance();
85 ZygoteHostImpl::ZygoteHostImpl()
90 use_suid_sandbox_for_adj_oom_score_(false),
92 have_read_sandbox_status_word_(false),
94 child_tracking_lock_(),
95 list_of_running_zygote_children_(),
96 should_teardown_after_last_child_exits_(false) {}
98 ZygoteHostImpl::~ZygoteHostImpl() { TearDown(); }
101 ZygoteHostImpl
* ZygoteHostImpl::GetInstance() {
102 return base::Singleton
<ZygoteHostImpl
>::get();
105 void ZygoteHostImpl::Init(const std::string
& sandbox_cmd
) {
109 base::FilePath chrome_path
;
110 CHECK(PathService::Get(base::FILE_EXE
, &chrome_path
));
111 base::CommandLine
cmd_line(chrome_path
);
113 cmd_line
.AppendSwitchASCII(switches::kProcessType
, switches::kZygoteProcess
);
116 CHECK(socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
, 0, fds
) == 0);
117 CHECK(base::UnixDomainSocket::EnableReceiveProcessId(fds
[0]));
118 base::FileHandleMappingVector fds_to_map
;
119 fds_to_map
.push_back(std::make_pair(fds
[1], kZygoteSocketPairFd
));
121 base::LaunchOptions options
;
122 const base::CommandLine
& browser_command_line
=
123 *base::CommandLine::ForCurrentProcess();
124 if (browser_command_line
.HasSwitch(switches::kZygoteCmdPrefix
)) {
125 cmd_line
.PrependWrapper(
126 browser_command_line
.GetSwitchValueNative(switches::kZygoteCmdPrefix
));
128 // Append any switches from the browser process that need to be forwarded on
129 // to the zygote/renderers.
130 // Should this list be obtained from browser_render_process_host.cc?
131 static const char* kForwardSwitches
[] = {
132 switches::kAllowSandboxDebugging
,
133 switches::kDisableSeccompFilterSandbox
,
134 switches::kEnableLogging
, // Support, e.g., --enable-logging=stderr.
135 // Zygote process needs to know what resources to have loaded when it
136 // becomes a renderer process.
137 switches::kForceDeviceScaleFactor
,
138 switches::kLoggingLevel
,
139 switches::kNoSandbox
,
140 switches::kPpapiInProcess
,
141 switches::kRegisterPepperPlugins
,
145 cmd_line
.CopySwitchesFrom(browser_command_line
, kForwardSwitches
,
146 arraysize(kForwardSwitches
));
148 GetContentClient()->browser()->AppendExtraCommandLineSwitches(&cmd_line
, -1);
150 sandbox_binary_
= sandbox_cmd
.c_str();
152 const bool using_namespace_sandbox
= ShouldUseNamespaceSandbox();
153 // A non empty sandbox_cmd means we want a SUID sandbox.
154 const bool using_suid_sandbox
=
155 !sandbox_cmd
.empty() && !using_namespace_sandbox
;
157 // Use the SUID sandbox for adjusting OOM scores when we are using the setuid
158 // or namespace sandbox. This is needed beacuse the processes are
159 // non-dumpable, so /proc/pid/oom_score_adj can only be written by root.
160 use_suid_sandbox_for_adj_oom_score_
=
161 using_namespace_sandbox
|| using_suid_sandbox
;
163 // Start up the sandbox host process and get the file descriptor for the
164 // renderers to talk to it.
165 const int sfd
= RenderSandboxHostLinux::GetInstance()->GetRendererSocket();
166 fds_to_map
.push_back(std::make_pair(sfd
, GetSandboxFD()));
168 base::ScopedFD dummy_fd
;
169 if (using_suid_sandbox
) {
170 scoped_ptr
<sandbox::SetuidSandboxHost
> sandbox_host(
171 sandbox::SetuidSandboxHost::Create());
172 sandbox_host
->PrependWrapper(&cmd_line
);
173 sandbox_host
->SetupLaunchOptions(&options
, &fds_to_map
, &dummy_fd
);
174 sandbox_host
->SetupLaunchEnvironment();
177 options
.fds_to_remap
= &fds_to_map
;
178 base::Process process
=
179 using_namespace_sandbox
180 ? sandbox::NamespaceSandbox::LaunchProcess(cmd_line
, options
)
181 : base::LaunchProcess(cmd_line
, options
);
182 CHECK(process
.IsValid()) << "Failed to launch zygote process";
186 if (using_suid_sandbox
|| using_namespace_sandbox
) {
187 // The SUID sandbox will execute the zygote in a new PID namespace, and
188 // the main zygote process will then fork from there. Watch now our
189 // elaborate dance to find and validate the zygote's PID.
191 // First we receive a message from the zygote boot process.
192 base::ProcessId boot_pid
;
193 CHECK(ReceiveFixedMessage(
194 fds
[0], kZygoteBootMessage
, sizeof(kZygoteBootMessage
), &boot_pid
));
196 // Within the PID namespace, the zygote boot process thinks it's PID 1,
197 // but its real PID can never be 1. This gives us a reliable test that
198 // the kernel is translating the sender's PID to our namespace.
199 CHECK_GT(boot_pid
, 1)
200 << "Received invalid process ID for zygote; kernel might be too old? "
201 "See crbug.com/357670 or try using --"
202 << switches::kDisableSetuidSandbox
<< " to workaround.";
204 // Now receive the message that the zygote's ready to go, along with the
205 // main zygote process's ID.
206 CHECK(ReceiveFixedMessage(
207 fds
[0], kZygoteHelloMessage
, sizeof(kZygoteHelloMessage
), &pid_
));
210 if (process
.Pid() != pid_
) {
212 base::EnsureProcessGetsReaped(process
.Pid());
215 // Not using the SUID sandbox.
216 // Note that ~base::Process() will reset the internal value, but there's no
217 // real "handle" on POSIX so that is safe.
218 pid_
= process
.Pid();
222 control_fd_
= fds
[0];
225 pickle
.WriteInt(kZygoteCommandGetSandboxStatus
);
226 if (!SendMessage(pickle
, NULL
))
227 LOG(FATAL
) << "Cannot communicate with zygote";
228 // We don't wait for the reply. We'll read it in ReadReply.
231 void ZygoteHostImpl::TearDownAfterLastChild() {
232 bool do_teardown
= false;
234 base::AutoLock
lock(child_tracking_lock_
);
235 should_teardown_after_last_child_exits_
= true;
236 do_teardown
= list_of_running_zygote_children_
.empty();
243 // Note: this is also called from the destructor.
244 void ZygoteHostImpl::TearDown() {
245 base::AutoLock
lock(control_lock_
);
246 if (control_fd_
> -1) {
247 // Closing the IPC channel will act as a notification to exit
249 if (IGNORE_EINTR(close(control_fd_
))) {
250 PLOG(ERROR
) << "Could not close Zygote control channel.";
257 void ZygoteHostImpl::ZygoteChildBorn(pid_t process
) {
258 base::AutoLock
lock(child_tracking_lock_
);
259 bool new_element_inserted
=
260 list_of_running_zygote_children_
.insert(process
).second
;
261 DCHECK(new_element_inserted
);
264 void ZygoteHostImpl::ZygoteChildDied(pid_t process
) {
265 bool do_teardown
= false;
267 base::AutoLock
lock(child_tracking_lock_
);
268 size_t num_erased
= list_of_running_zygote_children_
.erase(process
);
269 DCHECK_EQ(1U, num_erased
);
270 do_teardown
= should_teardown_after_last_child_exits_
&&
271 list_of_running_zygote_children_
.empty();
278 bool ZygoteHostImpl::SendMessage(const base::Pickle
& data
,
279 const std::vector
<int>* fds
) {
280 DCHECK_NE(-1, control_fd_
);
281 CHECK(data
.size() <= kZygoteMaxMessageLength
)
282 << "Trying to send too-large message to zygote (sending " << data
.size()
283 << " bytes, max is " << kZygoteMaxMessageLength
<< ")";
284 CHECK(!fds
|| fds
->size() <= base::UnixDomainSocket::kMaxFileDescriptors
)
285 << "Trying to send message with too many file descriptors to zygote "
286 << "(sending " << fds
->size() << ", max is "
287 << base::UnixDomainSocket::kMaxFileDescriptors
<< ")";
289 return base::UnixDomainSocket::SendMsg(control_fd_
,
290 data
.data(), data
.size(),
291 fds
? *fds
: std::vector
<int>());
294 ssize_t
ZygoteHostImpl::ReadReply(void* buf
, size_t buf_len
) {
295 DCHECK_NE(-1, control_fd_
);
296 // At startup we send a kZygoteCommandGetSandboxStatus request to the zygote,
297 // but don't wait for the reply. Thus, the first time that we read from the
298 // zygote, we get the reply to that request.
299 if (!have_read_sandbox_status_word_
) {
300 if (HANDLE_EINTR(read(control_fd_
, &sandbox_status_
,
301 sizeof(sandbox_status_
))) !=
302 sizeof(sandbox_status_
)) {
306 have_read_sandbox_status_word_
= true;
307 UMA_HISTOGRAM_SPARSE_SLOWLY("Linux.SandboxStatus", sandbox_status_
);
310 return HANDLE_EINTR(read(control_fd_
, buf
, buf_len
));
313 pid_t
ZygoteHostImpl::ForkRequest(const std::vector
<std::string
>& argv
,
314 scoped_ptr
<FileDescriptorInfo
> mapping
,
315 const std::string
& process_type
) {
320 PCHECK(0 == socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
, 0, raw_socks
));
321 base::ScopedFD
my_sock(raw_socks
[0]);
322 base::ScopedFD
peer_sock(raw_socks
[1]);
323 CHECK(base::UnixDomainSocket::EnableReceiveProcessId(my_sock
.get()));
325 pickle
.WriteInt(kZygoteCommandFork
);
326 pickle
.WriteString(process_type
);
327 pickle
.WriteInt(argv
.size());
328 for (std::vector
<std::string
>::const_iterator
329 i
= argv
.begin(); i
!= argv
.end(); ++i
)
330 pickle
.WriteString(*i
);
332 // Fork requests contain one file descriptor for the PID oracle, and one
333 // more for each file descriptor mapping for the child process.
334 const size_t num_fds_to_send
= 1 + mapping
->GetMappingSize();
335 pickle
.WriteInt(num_fds_to_send
);
337 std::vector
<int> fds
;
339 // First FD to send is peer_sock.
340 // TODO(morrita): Ideally, this should be part of the mapping so that
341 // FileDescriptorInfo can manages its lifetime.
342 fds
.push_back(peer_sock
.get());
344 // The rest come from mapping.
345 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< mapping
->GetMappingSize(); ++i
) {
346 pickle
.WriteUInt32(mapping
->GetIDAt(i
));
347 fds
.push_back(mapping
->GetFDAt(i
));
350 // Sanity check that we've populated |fds| correctly.
351 DCHECK_EQ(num_fds_to_send
, fds
.size());
355 base::AutoLock
lock(control_lock_
);
356 if (!SendMessage(pickle
, &fds
))
357 return base::kNullProcessHandle
;
362 char buf
[sizeof(kZygoteChildPingMessage
) + 1];
363 ScopedVector
<base::ScopedFD
> recv_fds
;
364 base::ProcessId real_pid
;
366 ssize_t n
= base::UnixDomainSocket::RecvMsgWithPid(
367 my_sock
.get(), buf
, sizeof(buf
), &recv_fds
, &real_pid
);
368 if (n
!= sizeof(kZygoteChildPingMessage
) ||
370 kZygoteChildPingMessage
,
371 sizeof(kZygoteChildPingMessage
))) {
372 // Zygote children should still be trustworthy when they're supposed to
373 // ping us, so something's broken if we don't receive a valid ping.
374 LOG(ERROR
) << "Did not receive ping from zygote child";
380 // Always send PID back to zygote.
381 base::Pickle pid_pickle
;
382 pid_pickle
.WriteInt(kZygoteCommandForkRealPID
);
383 pid_pickle
.WriteInt(real_pid
);
384 if (!SendMessage(pid_pickle
, NULL
))
385 return base::kNullProcessHandle
;
388 // Read the reply, which pickles the PID and an optional UMA enumeration.
389 static const unsigned kMaxReplyLength
= 2048;
390 char buf
[kMaxReplyLength
];
391 const ssize_t len
= ReadReply(buf
, sizeof(buf
));
393 base::Pickle
reply_pickle(buf
, len
);
394 base::PickleIterator
iter(reply_pickle
);
395 if (len
<= 0 || !iter
.ReadInt(&pid
))
396 return base::kNullProcessHandle
;
398 // If there is a nonempty UMA name string, then there is a UMA
399 // enumeration to record.
400 std::string uma_name
;
402 int uma_boundary_value
;
403 if (iter
.ReadString(&uma_name
) &&
405 iter
.ReadInt(&uma_sample
) &&
406 iter
.ReadInt(&uma_boundary_value
)) {
407 // We cannot use the UMA_HISTOGRAM_ENUMERATION macro here,
408 // because that's only for when the name is the same every time.
409 // Here we're using whatever name we got from the other side.
410 // But since it's likely that the same one will be used repeatedly
411 // (even though it's not guaranteed), we cache it here.
412 static base::HistogramBase
* uma_histogram
;
413 if (!uma_histogram
|| uma_histogram
->histogram_name() != uma_name
) {
414 uma_histogram
= base::LinearHistogram::FactoryGet(
417 uma_boundary_value
+ 1,
418 base::HistogramBase::kUmaTargetedHistogramFlag
);
420 uma_histogram
->Add(uma_sample
);
424 return base::kNullProcessHandle
;
427 #if !defined(OS_OPENBSD)
428 // This is just a starting score for a renderer or extension (the
429 // only types of processes that will be started this way). It will
430 // get adjusted as time goes on. (This is the same value as
431 // chrome::kLowestRendererOomScore in chrome/chrome_constants.h, but
432 // that's not something we can include here.)
433 const int kLowestRendererOomScore
= 300;
434 AdjustRendererOOMScore(pid
, kLowestRendererOomScore
);
437 ZygoteChildBorn(pid
);
441 #if !defined(OS_OPENBSD)
442 void ZygoteHostImpl::AdjustRendererOOMScore(base::ProcessHandle pid
,
444 // 1) You can't change the oom_score_adj of a non-dumpable process
445 // (EPERM) unless you're root. Because of this, we can't set the
446 // oom_adj from the browser process.
448 // 2) We can't set the oom_score_adj before entering the sandbox
449 // because the zygote is in the sandbox and the zygote is as
450 // critical as the browser process. Its oom_adj value shouldn't
453 // 3) A non-dumpable process can't even change its own oom_score_adj
454 // because it's root owned 0644. The sandboxed processes don't
455 // even have /proc, but one could imagine passing in a descriptor
458 // So, in the normal case, we use the SUID binary to change it for us.
459 // However, Fedora (and other SELinux systems) don't like us touching other
460 // process's oom_score_adj (or oom_adj) values
461 // (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=581256).
463 // The offical way to get the SELinux mode is selinux_getenforcemode, but I
464 // don't want to add another library to the build as it's sure to cause
465 // problems with other, non-SELinux distros.
467 // So we just check for files in /selinux. This isn't foolproof, but it's not
468 // bad and it's easy.
471 static bool selinux_valid
= false;
473 if (!selinux_valid
) {
474 const base::FilePath
kSelinuxPath("/selinux");
475 base::FileEnumerator
en(kSelinuxPath
, false, base::FileEnumerator::FILES
);
476 bool has_selinux_files
= !en
.Next().empty();
478 selinux
= access(kSelinuxPath
.value().c_str(), X_OK
) == 0 &&
480 selinux_valid
= true;
483 if (use_suid_sandbox_for_adj_oom_score_
&& !selinux
) {
484 #if defined(USE_TCMALLOC)
485 // If heap profiling is running, these processes are not exiting, at least
486 // on ChromeOS. The easiest thing to do is not launch them when profiling.
487 // TODO(stevenjb): Investigate further and fix.
488 if (IsHeapProfilerRunning())
491 std::vector
<std::string
> adj_oom_score_cmdline
;
492 adj_oom_score_cmdline
.push_back(sandbox_binary_
);
493 adj_oom_score_cmdline
.push_back(sandbox::kAdjustOOMScoreSwitch
);
494 adj_oom_score_cmdline
.push_back(base::Int64ToString(pid
));
495 adj_oom_score_cmdline
.push_back(base::IntToString(score
));
497 base::Process sandbox_helper_process
;
498 base::LaunchOptions options
;
500 // sandbox_helper_process is a setuid binary.
501 options
.allow_new_privs
= true;
503 sandbox_helper_process
=
504 base::LaunchProcess(adj_oom_score_cmdline
, options
);
505 if (sandbox_helper_process
.IsValid())
506 base::EnsureProcessGetsReaped(sandbox_helper_process
.Pid());
507 } else if (!use_suid_sandbox_for_adj_oom_score_
) {
508 if (!base::AdjustOOMScore(pid
, score
))
509 PLOG(ERROR
) << "Failed to adjust OOM score of renderer with pid " << pid
;
514 void ZygoteHostImpl::EnsureProcessTerminated(pid_t process
) {
518 pickle
.WriteInt(kZygoteCommandReap
);
519 pickle
.WriteInt(process
);
520 if (!SendMessage(pickle
, NULL
))
521 LOG(ERROR
) << "Failed to send Reap message to zygote";
522 ZygoteChildDied(process
);
525 base::TerminationStatus
ZygoteHostImpl::GetTerminationStatus(
526 base::ProcessHandle handle
,
531 pickle
.WriteInt(kZygoteCommandGetTerminationStatus
);
532 pickle
.WriteBool(known_dead
);
533 pickle
.WriteInt(handle
);
535 static const unsigned kMaxMessageLength
= 128;
536 char buf
[kMaxMessageLength
];
539 base::AutoLock
lock(control_lock_
);
540 if (!SendMessage(pickle
, NULL
))
541 LOG(ERROR
) << "Failed to send GetTerminationStatus message to zygote";
542 len
= ReadReply(buf
, sizeof(buf
));
545 // Set this now to handle the error cases.
547 *exit_code
= RESULT_CODE_NORMAL_EXIT
;
548 int status
= base::TERMINATION_STATUS_NORMAL_TERMINATION
;
551 LOG(WARNING
) << "Error reading message from zygote: " << errno
;
552 } else if (len
== 0) {
553 LOG(WARNING
) << "Socket closed prematurely.";
555 base::Pickle
read_pickle(buf
, len
);
556 int tmp_status
, tmp_exit_code
;
557 base::PickleIterator
iter(read_pickle
);
558 if (!iter
.ReadInt(&tmp_status
) || !iter
.ReadInt(&tmp_exit_code
)) {
560 << "Error parsing GetTerminationStatus response from zygote.";
563 *exit_code
= tmp_exit_code
;
568 if (status
!= base::TERMINATION_STATUS_STILL_RUNNING
) {
569 ZygoteChildDied(handle
);
571 return static_cast<base::TerminationStatus
>(status
);
574 pid_t
ZygoteHostImpl::GetPid() const {
578 int ZygoteHostImpl::GetSandboxStatus() const {
579 if (have_read_sandbox_status_word_
)
580 return sandbox_status_
;
584 bool ZygoteHostImpl::ShouldUseNamespaceSandbox() {
585 const base::CommandLine
& command_line
=
586 *base::CommandLine::ForCurrentProcess();
587 if (command_line
.HasSwitch(switches::kNoSandbox
)) {
591 if (command_line
.HasSwitch(switches::kDisableNamespaceSandbox
)) {
595 if (!sandbox::Credentials::CanCreateProcessInNewUserNS()) {
602 } // namespace content