3 # Copyright (c) International Business Machines Corp., 2002
5 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
8 # your option) any later version.
10 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
11 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
13 # General Public License for more details.
15 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
22 # This script generates std output from .info files as created by the
23 # geninfo script. Call it with --help to get information on usage and
24 # available options. This code is based on the lcov genhtml script
25 # by Peter Oberparleiter <Peter.Oberparleiter@de.ibm.com>
29 # 2003-08-19 ripped up Peter's script James M Kenefick Jr. <jkenefic@us.ibm.com>
36 our $lcov_version = "";
39 # Specify coverage rate limits (in %) for classifying file entries
40 # HI: $hi_limit <= rate <= 100 graph color: green
41 # MED: $med_limit <= rate < $hi_limit graph color: orange
42 # LO: 0 <= rate < $med_limit graph color: red
46 # Data related prototypes
50 sub process_file
($$$);
52 sub read_info_file
($);
53 sub get_info_entry
($);
54 sub set_info_entry
($$$$;$$);
56 sub shorten_prefix
($);
58 sub get_relative_base_path
($);
59 sub get_date_string
();
60 sub split_filename
($);
61 sub subtract_counts
($$);
63 sub apply_baseline
($$);
64 sub combine_info_files
($$);
65 sub combine_info_entries
($$);
70 # HTML related prototypes
73 sub write_file_table
(*$$$$);
76 # Global variables & initialization
77 our %info_data; # Hash containing all data from .info file
78 our $dir_prefix; # Prefix to remove from all sub directories
79 our %test_description; # Hash containing test descriptions if available
80 our $date = get_date_string
();
82 our @info_filenames; # List of .info files to use as data source
83 our $test_title; # Title for output as written to each page header
84 our $output_directory; # Name of directory in which to store output
85 our $base_filename; # Optional name of file containing baseline data
86 our $desc_filename; # Name of file containing test descriptions
87 our $css_filename; # Optional name of external stylesheet file to use
88 our $quiet; # If set, suppress information messages
89 our $help; # Help option flag
90 our $version; # Version option flag
91 our $show_details; # If set, generate detailed directory view
92 our $no_prefix; # If set, do not remove filename prefix
93 our $frames; # If set, use frames for source code view
94 our $keep_descriptions; # If set, do not remove unused test case descriptions
95 our $no_sourceview; # If set, do not create a source code view for each file
96 our $tab_size = 8; # Number of spaces to use in place of tab
98 our $cwd = `pwd`; # Current working directory
100 our $tool_dir = dirname
($0); # Directory where genhtml tool is installed
107 # Add current working directory if $tool_dir is not already an absolute path
108 if (! ($tool_dir =~ /^\/(.*)$/))
110 $tool_dir = "$cwd/$tool_dir";
113 # Parse command line options
114 if (!GetOptions
("output-directory=s" => \
$output_directory,
115 "css-file=s" => \
$css_filename,
116 "baseline-file=s" => \
$base_filename,
117 "prefix=s" => \
$dir_prefix,
118 "num-spaces=i" => \
$tab_size,
119 "no-prefix" => \
$no_prefix,
122 "version" => \
$version
125 print_usage
(*STDERR
);
129 @info_filenames = @ARGV;
131 # Check for help option
134 print_usage
(*STDOUT
);
138 # Check for version option
141 print($lcov_version."\n");
145 # Check for info filename
146 if (!@info_filenames)
148 print(STDERR
"No filename specified\n");
149 print_usage
(*STDERR
);
153 # Generate a title if none is specified
156 if (scalar(@info_filenames) == 1)
158 # Only one filename specified, use it as title
159 $test_title = basename
($info_filenames[0]);
163 # More than one filename specified, used default title
164 $test_title = "unnamed";
168 # Make sure tab_size is within valid range
171 print(STDERR
"ERROR: invalid number of spaces specified: ".
184 # print_usage(handle)
186 # Print usage information.
191 local *HANDLE
= $_[0];
192 my $executable_name = basename
($0);
194 print(HANDLE
<<END_OF_USAGE);
195 Usage: $executable_name [OPTIONS] INFOFILE(S)
197 Create HTML output for coverage data found in INFOFILE. Note that INFOFILE
198 may also be a list of filenames.
200 -h, --help Print this help, then exit
201 -v, --version Print version number, then exit
202 -q, --quiet Do not print progress messages
203 -b, --baseline-file BASEFILE Use BASEFILE as baseline file
204 -p, --prefix PREFIX Remove PREFIX from all directory names
205 --no-prefix Do not remove prefix from directory names
206 --no-source Do not create source code view
207 --num-spaces NUM Replace tabs with NUM spaces in source view
209 See $lcov_url for more information about this tool.
218 # Generate a set of HTML pages from contents of .info file INFO_FILENAME.
219 # Files will be written to the current directory. If provided, test case
220 # descriptions will be read from .tests file TEST_FILENAME and included
233 my $overall_found = 0;
240 # Read in all specified .info files
241 foreach (@info_filenames)
243 info("Reading data file $_\n");
244 %new_info = %{read_info_file($_)};
246 # Combine %new_info with %info_data
247 %info_data = %{combine_info_files(\%info_data, \%new_info)};
250 info("Found %d entries.\n", scalar(keys(%info_data)));
252 # Read and apply baseline data if specified
256 info("Reading baseline file $base_filename\n");
257 %base_data = %{read_info_file($base_filename)};
258 info("Found %d entries.\n", scalar(keys(%base_data)));
261 info("Subtracting baseline data.\n");
262 %info_data = %{apply_baseline(\%info_data, \%base_data)};
265 @dir_list = get_dir_list(keys(%info_data));
269 # User requested that we leave filenames alone
270 info("User asked not to remove filename prefix\n");
272 elsif (!defined($dir_prefix))
274 # Get prefix common to most directories in list
275 $dir_prefix = get_prefix(@dir_list);
279 info("Found common filename prefix \"$dir_prefix\"\n");
283 info("No common filename prefix found!\n");
289 info("Using user-specified filename prefix \"".
293 # Process each subdirectory and collect overview information
294 foreach $dir_name (@dir_list)
296 ($lines_found, $lines_hit) = process_dir($dir_name);
298 $overview{$dir_name} = "$lines_found,$lines_hit, ";
299 $overall_found += $lines_found;
300 $overall_hit += $lines_hit;
304 if ($overall_found == 0)
306 info("Warning: No lines found!\n");
310 info("Overall coverage rate: %d of %d lines (%.1f%%)\n",
311 $overall_hit, $overall_found,
312 $overall_hit*100/$overall_found);
318 # process_dir(dir_name)
325 my $rel_dir = $abs_dir;
339 # Remove prefix if applicable
342 # Match directory name beginning with $dir_prefix
343 $rel_dir = apply_prefix($rel_dir, $dir_prefix);
346 $trunc_dir = $rel_dir;
349 if ($rel_dir =~ /^\/(.*)$/)
351 $rel_dir = substr($rel_dir, 1);
354 $base_dir = get_relative_base_path($rel_dir);
356 $abs_dir = escape_regexp($abs_dir);
358 # Match filenames which specify files in this directory, not including
360 foreach $filename (grep(/^$abs_dir\/[^\/]*$/,keys(%info_data)))
362 ($lines_found, $lines_hit, $testdata) =
363 process_file($trunc_dir, $rel_dir, $filename);
365 $base_name = basename($filename);
367 $overview{$base_name} = "$lines_found,$lines_hit";
369 $testhash{$base_name} = $testdata;
371 $overall_found += $lines_found;
372 $overall_hit += $lines_hit;
374 write_file_table($abs_dir, "./linux/", \%overview, \%testhash, 4);
377 # Calculate resulting line counts
378 return ($overall_found, $overall_hit);
383 # process_file(trunc_dir, rel_dir, filename)
386 sub process_file($$$)
388 info("Processing file ".apply_prefix($_[2], $dir_prefix)."\n");
389 my $trunc_dir = $_[0];
391 my $filename = $_[2];
392 my $base_name = basename($filename);
393 my $base_dir = get_relative_base_path($rel_dir);
403 ($testdata, $sumcount, $funcdata, $lines_found, $lines_hit) =
404 get_info_entry($info_data{$filename});
405 return ($lines_found, $lines_hit, $testdata);
410 # read_info_file(info_filename)
412 # Read in the contents of the .info file specified by INFO_FILENAME. Data will
413 # be returned as a reference to a hash containing the following mappings:
415 # %result: for each filename found in file -> \%data
417 # %data: "test" -> \%testdata
418 # "sum" -> \%sumcount
419 # "func" -> \%funcdata
420 # "found" -> $lines_found (number of instrumented lines found in file)
421 # "hit" -> $lines_hit (number of executed lines in file)
423 # %testdata: name of test affecting this file -> \%testcount
425 # %testcount: line number -> execution count for a single test
426 # %sumcount : line number -> execution count for all tests
427 # %funcdata : line number -> name of function beginning at that line
429 # Note that .info file sections referring to the same file and test name
430 # will automatically be combined by adding all execution counts.
432 # Note that if INFO_FILENAME ends with ".gz", it is assumed that the file
433 # is compressed using GZIP. If available, GUNZIP will be used to decompress
439 sub read_info_file($)
441 my $tracefile = $_[0]; # Name of tracefile
442 my %result; # Resulting hash: file -> data
443 my $data; # Data handle for current entry
448 my $line; # Current line read from .info file
449 my $testname; # Current test name
450 my $filename; # Current filename
451 my $hitcount; # Count for lines hit
452 my $count; # Execution count of current line
453 my $negative; # If set, warn about negative counts
454 local *INFO_HANDLE; # Filehandle for .info file
456 # Check if file exists and is readable
460 die("ERROR: cannot read file $_[0]!\n");
463 # Check if this is really a plain file
466 die("ERROR: not a plain file: $_[0]!\n");
469 # Check for .gz extension
470 if ($_[0] =~ /^(.*)\.gz$/)
472 # Check for availability of GZIP tool
473 system("gunzip -h >/dev/null 2>/dev/null")
474 and die("ERROR: gunzip command not available!\n");
476 # Check integrity of compressed file
477 system("gunzip -t $_[0] >/dev/null 2>/dev/null")
478 and die("ERROR: integrity check failed for ".
479 "compressed file $_[0]!\n");
481 # Open compressed file
482 open(INFO_HANDLE, "gunzip -c $_[0]|")
483 or die("ERROR: cannot start gunzip to uncompress ".
488 # Open uncompressed file
489 open(INFO_HANDLE, $_[0])
490 or die("ERROR: cannot read file $_[0]!\n");
494 while (<INFO_HANDLE>)
504 # Test name information found
511 # Filename information found
512 # Retrieve data for new entry
515 $data = $result{$filename};
516 ($testdata, $sumcount, $funcdata) =
517 get_info_entry($data);
519 if (defined($testname))
521 $testcount = $testdata->{$testname};
526 $testcount = \%new_hash;
531 /^DA:(\d+),(-?\d+)/ && do
533 # Fix negative counts
534 $count = $2 < 0 ? 0 : $2;
539 # Execution count found, add to structure
541 $sumcount->{$1} += $count;
543 # Add test-specific counts
544 if (defined($testname))
546 $testcount->{$1} += $count;
551 /^FN:(\d+),([^,]+)/ && do
553 # Function data found, add to structure
554 $funcdata->{$1} = $2;
558 /^end_of_record/ && do
560 # Found end of section marker
563 # Store current section data
564 if (defined($testname))
566 $testdata->{$testname} =
569 set_info_entry($data, $testdata,
570 $sumcount, $funcdata);
571 $result{$filename} = $data;
582 # Calculate lines_found and lines_hit for each file
583 foreach $filename (keys(%result))
585 $data = $result{$filename};
587 ($testdata, $sumcount, $funcdata) = get_info_entry($data);
589 $data->{"found"} = scalar(keys(%{$sumcount}));
592 foreach (keys(%{$sumcount}))
594 if ($sumcount->{$_} >0) { $hitcount++; }
597 $data->{"hit"} = $hitcount;
599 $result{$filename} = $data;
602 if (scalar(keys(%result)) == 0)
604 die("ERROR: No valid records found in tracefile $tracefile\n");
608 warn("WARNING: Negative counts found in tracefile ".
617 # get_info_entry(hash_ref)
619 # Retrieve data from an entry of the structure generated by read_info_file().
620 # Return a list of references to hashes:
621 # (test data hash ref, sum count hash ref, funcdata hash ref, lines found,
625 sub get_info_entry($)
627 my $testdata_ref = $_[0]->{"test"};
628 my $sumcount_ref = $_[0]->{"sum"};
629 my $funcdata_ref = $_[0]->{"func"};
630 my $lines_found = $_[0]->{"found"};
631 my $lines_hit = $_[0]->{"hit"};
633 return ($testdata_ref, $sumcount_ref, $funcdata_ref, $lines_found,
639 # set_info_entry(hash_ref, testdata_ref, sumcount_ref, funcdata_ref[,
640 # lines_found, lines_hit])
642 # Update the hash referenced by HASH_REF with the provided data references.
645 sub set_info_entry($$$$;$$)
647 my $data_ref = $_[0];
649 $data_ref->{"test"} = $_[1];
650 $data_ref->{"sum"} = $_[2];
651 $data_ref->{"func"} = $_[3];
653 if (defined($_[4])) { $data_ref->{"found"} = $_[4]; }
654 if (defined($_[5])) { $data_ref->{"hit"} = $_[5]; }
659 # get_prefix(filename_list)
661 # Search FILENAME_LIST for a directory prefix which is common to as many
662 # list entries as possible, so that removing this prefix will minimize the
663 # sum of the lengths of all resulting shortened filenames.
668 my @filename_list = @_; # provided list of filenames
669 my %prefix; # mapping: prefix -> sum of lengths
670 my $current; # Temporary iteration variable
672 # Find list of prefixes
673 foreach (@filename_list)
675 # Need explicit assignment to get a copy of $_ so that
676 # shortening the contained prefix does not affect the list
677 $current = shorten_prefix($_);
678 while ($current = shorten_prefix($current))
680 # Skip rest if the remaining prefix has already been
682 if ($prefix{$current}) { last; }
685 $prefix{$current}="0";
690 # Calculate sum of lengths for all prefixes
691 foreach $current (keys(%prefix))
693 foreach (@filename_list)
695 # Add original length
696 $prefix{$current} += length($_);
698 # Check whether prefix matches
699 if (substr($_, 0, length($current)) eq $current)
701 # Subtract prefix length for this filename
702 $prefix{$current} -= length($current);
707 # Find and return prefix with minimal sum
708 $current = (keys(%prefix))[0];
710 foreach (keys(%prefix))
712 if ($prefix{$_} < $prefix{$current})
723 # shorten_prefix(prefix)
725 # Return PREFIX shortened by last directory component.
728 sub shorten_prefix($)
730 my @list = split("/", $_[0]);
733 return join("/", @list);
739 # get_dir_list(filename_list)
741 # Return sorted list of directories for each entry in given FILENAME_LIST.
750 $result{shorten_prefix($_)} = "";
753 return(sort(keys(%result)));
758 # get_relative_base_path(subdirectory)
760 # Return a relative path string which references the base path when applied
763 # Example: get_relative_base_path("fs/mm") -> "../../"
766 sub get_relative_base_path($)
771 # Make an empty directory path a special case
772 if (!$_[0]) { return(""); }
774 # Count number of /s in path
775 $index = ($_[0] =~ s/\//\//g);
777 # Add a ../ to $result for each / in the directory path + 1
778 for (; $index>=0; $index--)
790 # Return the current date in the form: yyyy-mm-dd
793 sub get_date_string()
799 ($year, $month, $day) = (localtime())[5, 4, 3];
801 return sprintf("%d-%02d-%02d", $year+1900, $month+1, $day);
806 # split_filename(filename)
808 # Return (path, filename, extension) for a given FILENAME.
811 sub split_filename($)
813 if (!$_[0]) { return(); }
814 my @path_components = split('/', $_[0]);
815 my @file_components = split('\.', pop(@path_components));
816 my $extension = pop(@file_components);
818 return (join("/",@path_components), join(".",@file_components),
824 # write_file_table(filehandle, base_dir, overview, testhash, fileview)
826 # Write a complete file table. OVERVIEW is a reference to a hash containing
827 # the following mapping:
829 # filename -> "lines_found,lines_hit,page_link"
831 # TESTHASH is a reference to the following hash:
833 # filename -> \%testdata
834 # %testdata: name of test affecting this file -> \%testcount
835 # %testcount: line number -> execution count for a single test
837 # Heading of first column is "Filename" if FILEVIEW is true, "Directory name"
841 sub write_file_table(*$$$$)
844 my $base_dir = $_[1];
845 my %overview = %{$_[2]};
846 my %testhash = %{$_[3]};
847 my $fileview = $_[4];
857 foreach $filename (sort(keys(%overview)))
859 ($found, $hit, $junk) = split(",", $overview{$filename});
860 #James I think this is right
861 $rate = $hit * 100 / $found;
862 $rate_string = sprintf("%.1f", $rate);
864 if ($rate < 0.001) { $classification = "None"; }
865 elsif ($rate < $med_limit) { $classification = "Lo"; }
866 elsif ($rate < $hi_limit) { $classification = "Med"; }
867 else { $classification = "Hi"; }
869 print "$dir/$filename\t$classification\t$rate_string\n";
876 # info(printf_parameter)
878 # Use printf to write PRINTF_PARAMETER to stdout only when the $quiet flag
893 # subtract_counts(data_ref, base_ref)
896 sub subtract_counts($$)
906 foreach $line (keys(%data))
909 $data_count = $data{$line};
910 $base_count = $base{$line};
912 if (defined($base_count))
914 $data_count -= $base_count;
916 # Make sure we don't get negative numbers
917 if ($data_count<0) { $data_count = 0; }
920 $data{$line} = $data_count;
921 if ($data_count > 0) { $hit++; }
924 return (\%data, $found, $hit);
929 # add_counts(data1_ref, data2_ref)
931 # DATA1_REF and DATA2_REF are references to hashes containing a mapping
933 # line number -> execution count
935 # Return a list (RESULT_REF, LINES_FOUND, LINES_HIT) where RESULT_REF
936 # is a reference to a hash containing the combined mapping in which
937 # execution counts are added.
942 my %data1 = %{$_[0]}; # Hash 1
943 my %data2 = %{$_[1]}; # Hash 2
944 my %result; # Resulting hash
945 my $line; # Current line iteration scalar
946 my $data1_count; # Count of line in hash1
947 my $data2_count; # Count of line in hash2
948 my $found = 0; # Total number of lines found
949 my $hit = 0; # Number of lines with a count > 0
951 foreach $line (keys(%data1))
953 $data1_count = $data1{$line};
954 $data2_count = $data2{$line};
956 # Add counts if present in both hashes
957 if (defined($data2_count)) { $data1_count += $data2_count; }
959 # Store sum in %result
960 $result{$line} = $data1_count;
963 if ($data1_count > 0) { $hit++; }
966 # Add lines unique to data2
967 foreach $line (keys(%data2))
969 # Skip lines already in data1
970 if (defined($data1{$line})) { next; }
972 # Copy count from data2
973 $result{$line} = $data2{$line};
976 if ($result{$line} > 0) { $hit++; }
979 return (\%result, $found, $hit);
984 # apply_baseline(data_ref, baseline_ref)
986 # Subtract the execution counts found in the baseline hash referenced by
987 # BASELINE_REF from actual data in DATA_REF.
990 sub apply_baseline($$)
992 my %data_hash = %{$_[0]};
993 my %base_hash = %{$_[1]};
1007 foreach $filename (keys(%data_hash))
1009 # Get data set for data and baseline
1010 $data = $data_hash{$filename};
1011 $base = $base_hash{$filename};
1013 # Get set entries for data and baseline
1014 ($data_testdata, undef, $data_funcdata) =
1015 get_info_entry($data);
1016 ($base_testdata, $base_count) = get_info_entry($base);
1018 # Sumcount has to be calculated anew
1021 # For each test case, subtract test specific counts
1022 foreach $testname (keys(%{$data_testdata}))
1024 # Get counts of both data and baseline
1025 $data_count = $data_testdata->{$testname};
1029 ($data_count, undef, $hit) =
1030 subtract_counts($data_count, $base_count);
1032 # Check whether this test case did hit any line at all
1035 # Write back resulting hash
1036 $data_testdata->{$testname} = $data_count;
1040 # Delete test case which did not impact this
1042 delete($data_testdata->{$testname});
1045 # Add counts to sum of counts
1046 ($sumcount, $found, $hit) =
1047 add_counts($sumcount, $data_count);
1050 # Write back resulting entry
1051 set_info_entry($data, $data_testdata, $sumcount,
1052 $data_funcdata, $found, $hit);
1054 $data_hash{$filename} = $data;
1057 return (\%data_hash);
1062 # combine_info_entries(entry_ref1, entry_ref2)
1064 # Combine .info data entry hashes referenced by ENTRY_REF1 and ENTRY_REF2.
1065 # Return reference to resulting hash.
1068 sub combine_info_entries($$)
1070 my $entry1 = $_[0]; # Reference to hash containing first entry
1075 my $entry2 = $_[1]; # Reference to hash containing second entry
1080 my %result; # Hash containing combined entry
1081 my %result_testdata;
1082 my $result_sumcount = {};
1083 my %result_funcdata;
1090 ($testdata1, $sumcount1, $funcdata1) = get_info_entry($entry1);
1091 ($testdata2, $sumcount2, $funcdata2) = get_info_entry($entry2);
1094 foreach (keys(%{$funcdata1}))
1096 $result_funcdata{$_} = $funcdata1->{$_};
1099 foreach (keys(%{$funcdata2}))
1101 $result_funcdata{$_} = $funcdata2->{$_};
1105 foreach $testname (keys(%{$testdata1}))
1107 if (defined($testdata2->{$testname}))
1109 # testname is present in both entries, requires
1111 ($result_testdata{$testname}) =
1112 add_counts($testdata1->{$testname},
1113 $testdata2->{$testname});
1117 # testname only present in entry1, add to result
1118 $result_testdata{$testname} = $testdata1->{$testname};
1121 # update sum count hash
1122 ($result_sumcount, $lines_found, $lines_hit) =
1123 add_counts($result_sumcount,
1124 $result_testdata{$testname});
1127 foreach $testname (keys(%{$testdata2}))
1129 # Skip testnames already covered by previous iteration
1130 if (defined($testdata1->{$testname})) { next; }
1132 # testname only present in entry2, add to result hash
1133 $result_testdata{$testname} = $testdata2->{$testname};
1135 # update sum count hash
1136 ($result_sumcount, $lines_found, $lines_hit) =
1137 add_counts($result_sumcount,
1138 $result_testdata{$testname});
1141 # Calculate resulting sumcount
1144 set_info_entry(\%result, \%result_testdata, $result_sumcount,
1145 \%result_funcdata, $lines_found, $lines_hit);
1152 # combine_info_files(info_ref1, info_ref2)
1154 # Combine .info data in hashes referenced by INFO_REF1 and INFO_REF2. Return
1155 # reference to resulting hash.
1158 sub combine_info_files($$)
1160 my %hash1 = %{$_[0]};
1161 my %hash2 = %{$_[1]};
1164 foreach $filename (keys(%hash2))
1166 if ($hash1{$filename})
1168 # Entry already exists in hash1, combine them
1170 combine_info_entries($hash1{$filename},
1175 # Entry is unique in both hashes, simply add to
1177 $hash1{$filename} = $hash2{$filename};
1186 # apply_prefix(filename, prefix)
1188 # If FILENAME begins with PREFIX, remove PREFIX from FILENAME and return
1189 # resulting string, otherwise return FILENAME.
1192 sub apply_prefix($$)
1194 my $filename = $_[0];
1196 my $clean_prefix = escape_regexp($prefix);
1198 if (defined($prefix) && ($prefix ne ""))
1200 if ($filename =~ /^$clean_prefix\/(.*)$/)
1202 return substr($filename, length($prefix) + 1);
1211 # escape_regexp(string)
1213 # Escape special characters in STRING which would be incorrectly interpreted
1214 # in a PERL regular expression.
1217 sub escape_regexp($)
1221 # Escape special characters
1222 $string =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
1223 $string =~ s/\^/\\\^/g;
1224 $string =~ s/\$/\\\$/g;
1225 $string =~ s/\./\\\./g;
1226 $string =~ s/\|/\\\|/g;
1227 $string =~ s/\(/\\\(/g;
1228 $string =~ s/\)/\\\)/g;
1229 $string =~ s/\[/\\\[/g;
1230 $string =~ s/\]/\\\]/g;
1231 $string =~ s/\*/\\\*/g;
1232 $string =~ s/\?/\\\?/g;
1233 $string =~ s/\{/\\\{/g;
1234 $string =~ s/\}/\\\}/g;
1235 $string =~ s/\+/\\\+/g;