quicktime/ffmpeg/output_example.c

   1 /*
   2  * Libavformat API example: Output a media file in any supported
   3  * libavformat format. The default codecs are used.
   4  *
   5  * Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
   6  *
   7  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   8  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   9  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  10  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  11  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  12  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  13  *
  14  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  15  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  16  *
  17  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  18  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  19  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  20  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  21  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  22  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  23  * THE SOFTWARE.
  24  */
  25 #include <stdlib.h>
  26 #include <stdio.h>
  27 #include <string.h>
  28 #include <math.h>
  29
  30 #ifndef M_PI
  31 #define M_PI 3.1415926535897931
  32 #endif
  33
  34 #include "avformat.h"
  35
  36 /* 5 seconds stream duration */
  37 #define STREAM_DURATION   5.0
  38 #define STREAM_FRAME_RATE 25 /* 25 images/s */
  39 #define STREAM_NB_FRAMES  ((int)(STREAM_DURATION * STREAM_FRAME_RATE))
  40 #define STREAM_PIX_FMT PIX_FMT_YUV420P /* default pix_fmt */
  41
  42 /**************************************************************/
  43 /* audio output */
  44
  45 float t, tincr, tincr2;
  46 int16_t *samples;
  47 uint8_t *audio_outbuf;
  48 int audio_outbuf_size;
  49 int audio_input_frame_size;
  50
  51 /*
  52  * add an audio output stream
  53  */
  54 AVStream *add_audio_stream(AVFormatContext *oc, int codec_id)
  55 {
  56     AVCodecContext *c;
  57     AVStream *st;
  58
  59     st = av_new_stream(oc, 1);
  60     if (!st) {
  61         fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc stream\n");
  62         exit(1);
  63     }
  64
  65     c = st->codec;
  66     c->codec_id = codec_id;
  67     c->codec_type = CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO;
  68
  69     /* put sample parameters */
  70     c->bit_rate = 64000;
  71     c->sample_rate = 44100;
  72     c->channels = 2;
  73     return st;
  74 }
  75
  76 void open_audio(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
  77 {
  78     AVCodecContext *c;
  79     AVCodec *codec;
  80
  81     c = st->codec;
  82
  83     /* find the audio encoder */
  84     codec = avcodec_find_encoder(c->codec_id);
  85     if (!codec) {
  86         fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
  87         exit(1);
  88     }
  89
  90     /* open it */
  91     if (avcodec_open(c, codec) < 0) {
  92         fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
  93         exit(1);
  94     }
  95
  96     /* init signal generator */
  97     t = 0;
  98     tincr = 2 * M_PI * 110.0 / c->sample_rate;
  99     /* increment frequency by 110 Hz per second */
 100     tincr2 = 2 * M_PI * 110.0 / c->sample_rate / c->sample_rate;
 101
 102     audio_outbuf_size = 10000;
 103     audio_outbuf = malloc(audio_outbuf_size);
 104
 105     /* ugly hack for PCM codecs (will be removed ASAP with new PCM
 106        support to compute the input frame size in samples */
 107     if (c->frame_size <= 1) {
 108         audio_input_frame_size = audio_outbuf_size / c->channels;
 109         switch(st->codec->codec_id) {
 110         case CODEC_ID_PCM_S16LE:
 111         case CODEC_ID_PCM_S16BE:
 112         case CODEC_ID_PCM_U16LE:
 113         case CODEC_ID_PCM_U16BE:
 114             audio_input_frame_size >>= 1;
 115             break;
 116         default:
 117             break;
 118         }
 119     } else {
 120         audio_input_frame_size = c->frame_size;
 121     }
 122     samples = malloc(audio_input_frame_size * 2 * c->channels);
 123 }
 124
 125 /* prepare a 16 bit dummy audio frame of 'frame_size' samples and
 126    'nb_channels' channels */
 127 void get_audio_frame(int16_t *samples, int frame_size, int nb_channels)
 128 {
 129     int j, i, v;
 130     int16_t *q;
 131
 132     q = samples;
 133     for(j=0;j<frame_size;j++) {
 134         v = (int)(sin(t) * 10000);
 135         for(i = 0; i < nb_channels; i++)
 136             *q++ = v;
 137         t += tincr;
 138         tincr += tincr2;
 139     }
 140 }
 141
 142 void write_audio_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
 143 {
 144     AVCodecContext *c;
 145     AVPacket pkt;
 146     av_init_packet(&pkt);
 147
 148     c = st->codec;
 149
 150     get_audio_frame(samples, audio_input_frame_size, c->channels);
 151
 152     pkt.size= avcodec_encode_audio(c, audio_outbuf, audio_outbuf_size, samples);
 153
 154     pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(c->coded_frame->pts, c->time_base, st->time_base);
 155     pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
 156     pkt.stream_index= st->index;
 157     pkt.data= audio_outbuf;
 158
 159     /* write the compressed frame in the media file */
 160     if (av_write_frame(oc, &pkt) != 0) {
 161         fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing audio frame\n");
 162         exit(1);
 163     }
 164 }
 165
 166 void close_audio(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
 167 {
 168     avcodec_close(st->codec);
 169
 170     av_free(samples);
 171     av_free(audio_outbuf);
 172 }
 173
 174 /**************************************************************/
 175 /* video output */
 176
 177 AVFrame *picture, *tmp_picture;
 178 uint8_t *video_outbuf;
 179 int frame_count, video_outbuf_size;
 180
 181 /* add a video output stream */
 182 AVStream *add_video_stream(AVFormatContext *oc, int codec_id)
 183 {
 184     AVCodecContext *c;
 185     AVStream *st;
 186
 187     st = av_new_stream(oc, 0);
 188     if (!st) {
 189         fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc stream\n");
 190         exit(1);
 191     }
 192
 193     c = st->codec;
 194     c->codec_id = codec_id;
 195     c->codec_type = CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO;
 196
 197     /* put sample parameters */
 198     c->bit_rate = 400000;
 199     /* resolution must be a multiple of two */
 200     c->width = 352;
 201     c->height = 288;
 202     /* frames per second */
 203     c->time_base.den = STREAM_FRAME_RATE;
 204     c->time_base.num = 1;
 205     c->gop_size = 12; /* emit one intra frame every twelve frames at most */
 206     c->pix_fmt = STREAM_PIX_FMT;
 207     if (c->codec_id == CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO) {
 208         /* just for testing, we also add B frames */
 209         c->max_b_frames = 2;
 210     }
 211     if (c->codec_id == CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO){
 212         /* needed to avoid using macroblocks in which some coeffs overflow
 213            this doesnt happen with normal video, it just happens here as the
 214            motion of the chroma plane doesnt match the luma plane */
 215         c->mb_decision=2;
 216     }
 217     // some formats want stream headers to be seperate
 218     if(!strcmp(oc->oformat->name, "mp4") || !strcmp(oc->oformat->name, "mov") || !strcmp(oc->oformat->name, "3gp"))
 219         c->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
 220
 221     return st;
 222 }
 223
 224 AVFrame *alloc_picture(int pix_fmt, int width, int height)
 225 {
 226     AVFrame *picture;
 227     uint8_t *picture_buf;
 228     int size;
 229
 230     picture = avcodec_alloc_frame();
 231     if (!picture)
 232         return NULL;
 233     size = avpicture_get_size(pix_fmt, width, height);
 234     picture_buf = malloc(size);
 235     if (!picture_buf) {
 236         av_free(picture);
 237         return NULL;
 238     }
 239     avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)picture, picture_buf,
 240                    pix_fmt, width, height);
 241     return picture;
 242 }
 243
 244 void open_video(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
 245 {
 246     AVCodec *codec;
 247     AVCodecContext *c;
 248
 249     c = st->codec;
 250
 251     /* find the video encoder */
 252     codec = avcodec_find_encoder(c->codec_id);
 253     if (!codec) {
 254         fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
 255         exit(1);
 256     }
 257
 258     /* open the codec */
 259     if (avcodec_open(c, codec) < 0) {
 260         fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
 261         exit(1);
 262     }
 263
 264     video_outbuf = NULL;
 265     if (!(oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_RAWPICTURE)) {
 266         /* allocate output buffer */
 267         /* XXX: API change will be done */
 268         video_outbuf_size = 200000;
 269         video_outbuf = malloc(video_outbuf_size);
 270     }
 271
 272     /* allocate the encoded raw picture */
 273     picture = alloc_picture(c->pix_fmt, c->width, c->height);
 274     if (!picture) {
 275         fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate picture\n");
 276         exit(1);
 277     }
 278
 279     /* if the output format is not YUV420P, then a temporary YUV420P
 280        picture is needed too. It is then converted to the required
 281        output format */
 282     tmp_picture = NULL;
 283     if (c->pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
 284         tmp_picture = alloc_picture(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, c->width, c->height);
 285         if (!tmp_picture) {
 286             fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate temporary picture\n");
 287             exit(1);
 288         }
 289     }
 290 }
 291
 292 /* prepare a dummy image */
 293 void fill_yuv_image(AVFrame *pict, int frame_index, int width, int height)
 294 {
 295     int x, y, i;
 296
 297     i = frame_index;
 298
 299     /* Y */
 300     for(y=0;y<height;y++) {
 301         for(x=0;x<width;x++) {
 302             pict->data[0][y * pict->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
 303         }
 304     }
 305
 306     /* Cb and Cr */
 307     for(y=0;y<height/2;y++) {
 308         for(x=0;x<width/2;x++) {
 309             pict->data[1][y * pict->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
 310             pict->data[2][y * pict->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
 311         }
 312     }
 313 }
 314
 315 void write_video_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
 316 {
 317     int out_size, ret;
 318     AVCodecContext *c;
 319
 320     c = st->codec;
 321
 322     if (frame_count >= STREAM_NB_FRAMES) {
 323         /* no more frame to compress. The codec has a latency of a few
 324            frames if using B frames, so we get the last frames by
 325            passing the same picture again */
 326     } else {
 327         if (c->pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
 328             /* as we only generate a YUV420P picture, we must convert it
 329                to the codec pixel format if needed */
 330             fill_yuv_image(tmp_picture, frame_count, c->width, c->height);
 331             img_convert((AVPicture *)picture, c->pix_fmt,
 332                         (AVPicture *)tmp_picture, PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
 333                         c->width, c->height);
 334         } else {
 335             fill_yuv_image(picture, frame_count, c->width, c->height);
 336         }
 337     }
 338
 339
 340     if (oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_RAWPICTURE) {
 341         /* raw video case. The API will change slightly in the near
 342            futur for that */
 343         AVPacket pkt;
 344         av_init_packet(&pkt);
 345
 346         pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
 347         pkt.stream_index= st->index;
 348         pkt.data= (uint8_t *)picture;
 349         pkt.size= sizeof(AVPicture);
 350
 351         ret = av_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
 352     } else {
 353         /* encode the image */
 354         out_size = avcodec_encode_video(c, video_outbuf, video_outbuf_size, picture);
 355         /* if zero size, it means the image was buffered */
 356         if (out_size > 0) {
 357             AVPacket pkt;
 358             av_init_packet(&pkt);
 359
 360             pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(c->coded_frame->pts, c->time_base, st->time_base);
 361             if(c->coded_frame->key_frame)
 362                 pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
 363             pkt.stream_index= st->index;
 364             pkt.data= video_outbuf;
 365             pkt.size= out_size;
 366
 367             /* write the compressed frame in the media file */
 368             ret = av_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
 369         } else {
 370             ret = 0;
 371         }
 372     }
 373     if (ret != 0) {
 374         fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing video frame\n");
 375         exit(1);
 376     }
 377     frame_count++;
 378 }
 379
 380 void close_video(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
 381 {
 382     avcodec_close(st->codec);
 383     av_free(picture->data[0]);
 384     av_free(picture);
 385     if (tmp_picture) {
 386         av_free(tmp_picture->data[0]);
 387         av_free(tmp_picture);
 388     }
 389     av_free(video_outbuf);
 390 }
 391
 392 /**************************************************************/
 393 /* media file output */
 394
 395 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 396 {
 397     const char *filename;
 398     AVOutputFormat *fmt;
 399     AVFormatContext *oc;
 400     AVStream *audio_st, *video_st;
 401     double audio_pts, video_pts;
 402     int i;
 403
 404     /* initialize libavcodec, and register all codecs and formats */
 405     av_register_all();
 406
 407     if (argc != 2) {
 408         printf("usage: %s output_file\n"
 409                "API example program to output a media file with libavformat.\n"
 410                "The output format is automatically guessed according to the file extension.\n"
 411                "Raw images can also be output by using '%%d' in the filename\n"
 412                "\n", argv[0]);
 413         exit(1);
 414     }
 415
 416     filename = argv[1];
 417
 418     /* auto detect the output format from the name. default is
 419        mpeg. */
 420     fmt = guess_format(NULL, filename, NULL);
 421     if (!fmt) {
 422         printf("Could not deduce output format from file extension: using MPEG.\n");
 423         fmt = guess_format("mpeg", NULL, NULL);
 424     }
 425     if (!fmt) {
 426         fprintf(stderr, "Could not find suitable output format\n");
 427         exit(1);
 428     }
 429
 430     /* allocate the output media context */
 431     oc = av_alloc_format_context();
 432     if (!oc) {
 433         fprintf(stderr, "Memory error\n");
 434         exit(1);
 435     }
 436     oc->oformat = fmt;
 437     snprintf(oc->filename, sizeof(oc->filename), "%s", filename);
 438
 439     /* add the audio and video streams using the default format codecs
 440        and initialize the codecs */
 441     video_st = NULL;
 442     audio_st = NULL;
 443     if (fmt->video_codec != CODEC_ID_NONE) {
 444         video_st = add_video_stream(oc, fmt->video_codec);
 445     }
 446     if (fmt->audio_codec != CODEC_ID_NONE) {
 447         audio_st = add_audio_stream(oc, fmt->audio_codec);
 448     }
 449
 450     /* set the output parameters (must be done even if no
 451        parameters). */
 452     if (av_set_parameters(oc, NULL) < 0) {
 453         fprintf(stderr, "Invalid output format parameters\n");
 454         exit(1);
 455     }
 456
 457     dump_format(oc, 0, filename, 1);
 458
 459     /* now that all the parameters are set, we can open the audio and
 460        video codecs and allocate the necessary encode buffers */
 461     if (video_st)
 462         open_video(oc, video_st);
 463     if (audio_st)
 464         open_audio(oc, audio_st);
 465
 466     /* open the output file, if needed */
 467     if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
 468         if (url_fopen(&oc->pb, filename, URL_WRONLY) < 0) {
 469             fprintf(stderr, "Could not open '%s'\n", filename);
 470             exit(1);
 471         }
 472     }
 473
 474     /* write the stream header, if any */
 475     av_write_header(oc);
 476
 477     for(;;) {
 478         /* compute current audio and video time */
 479         if (audio_st)
 480             audio_pts = (double)audio_st->pts.val * audio_st->time_base.num / audio_st->time_base.den;
 481         else
 482             audio_pts = 0.0;
 483
 484         if (video_st)
 485             video_pts = (double)video_st->pts.val * video_st->time_base.num / video_st->time_base.den;
 486         else
 487             video_pts = 0.0;
 488
 489         if ((!audio_st || audio_pts >= STREAM_DURATION) &&
 490             (!video_st || video_pts >= STREAM_DURATION))
 491             break;
 492
 493         /* write interleaved audio and video frames */
 494         if (!video_st || (video_st && audio_st && audio_pts < video_pts)) {
 495             write_audio_frame(oc, audio_st);
 496         } else {
 497             write_video_frame(oc, video_st);
 498         }
 499     }
 500
 501     /* close each codec */
 502     if (video_st)
 503         close_video(oc, video_st);
 504     if (audio_st)
 505         close_audio(oc, audio_st);
 506
 507     /* write the trailer, if any */
 508     av_write_trailer(oc);
 509
 510     /* free the streams */
 511     for(i = 0; i < oc->nb_streams; i++) {
 512         av_freep(&oc->streams[i]);
 513     }
 514
 515     if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
 516         /* close the output file */
 517         url_fclose(&oc->pb);
 518     }
 519
 520     /* free the stream */
 521     av_free(oc);
 522
 523     return 0;
 524 }