1 # SMM based flash storage driver Version 2
3 This documents the API exposed by the x86 system management based
8 SMMSTOREv2 is a [SMM] mediated driver to read from, write to and erase
9 a predefined region in flash. It can be enabled by setting
10 `CONFIG_SMMSTORE=y` and `CONFIG_SMMSTORE_V2=y` in menuconfig.
12 This can be used by the OS or the payload to implement persistent
13 storage to hold for instance configuration data, without needing to
14 implement a (platform specific) storage driver in the payload itself.
16 ### Storage size and alignment
18 SMMSTORE version 2 requires a minimum alignment of 64 KiB, which should
19 be supported by all flash chips. Not having to perform read-modify-write
20 operations is desired, as it reduces complexity and potential for bugs.
22 This can be used by a FTW (FaultTolerantWrite) implementation that uses
23 at least two regions in an A/B update scheme. The FTW implementation in
24 edk2 uses three different regions in the store:
28 - The FTW working block
30 All regions must be block-aligned, and the FTW spare size must be larger
31 than that of the variable store. FTW working block can be much smaller.
32 With 64 KiB as block size, the minimum size of the FTW-enabled store is:
34 - The variable store: 1 block = 64 KiB
35 - The FTW spare block: 2 blocks = 2 * 64 KiB
36 - The FTW working block: 1 block = 64 KiB
38 Therefore, the minimum size for edk2 FTW is 4 blocks, or 256 KiB.
42 The API provides read and write access to an unformatted block storage.
46 By default SMMSTOREv2 will operate on a separate FMAP region called
47 `SMMSTORE`. The default generated FMAP will include such a region. On
48 systems with a locked FMAP, e.g. in an existing vboot setup with a
49 locked RO region, the option exists to add a cbfsfile called `smm_store`
50 in the `RW_LEGACY` (if CHROMEOS) or in the `COREBOOT` FMAP regions. It
51 is recommended for new builds using a handcrafted FMD that intend to
52 make use of SMMSTORE to include a sufficiently large `SMMSTORE` FMAP
53 region. It is mandatory to align the `SMMSTORE` region to 64KiB for
54 compatibility with the largest flash erase operation.
56 When a default generated FMAP is used, the size of the FMAP region is
57 equal to `CONFIG_SMMSTORE_SIZE`. UEFI payloads expect at least 64 KiB.
58 To support a fault tolerant write mechanism, at least a multiple of
59 this size is recommended.
61 ### Communication buffer
63 To prevent malicious ring0 code to access arbitrary memory locations,
64 SMMSTOREv2 uses a communication buffer in CBMEM/HOB for all transfers.
65 This buffer has to be at least 64 KiB in size and must be installed
66 before calling any of the SMMSTORE read or write operations. Usually,
67 coreboot will install this buffer to transfer data between ring0 and
70 In order to get the communication buffer address, the payload or OS
71 has to read the coreboot table with tag `0x0039`, containing:
74 struct lb_smmstorev2 {
77 uint32_t num_blocks; /* Number of writeable blocks in SMM */
78 uint32_t block_size; /* Size of a block in byte. Default: 64 KiB */
79 uint32_t mmap_addr; /* MMIO address of the store for read only access */
80 uint32_t com_buffer; /* Physical address of the communication buffer */
81 uint32_t com_buffer_size; /* Size of the communication buffer in byte */
82 uint8_t apm_cmd; /* The command byte to write to the APM I/O port */
83 uint8_t unused[3]; /* Set to zero */
87 The absence of this coreboot table entry indicates that there's no
92 The SMMSTOREv2 splits the SMMSTORE FMAP partition into smaller chunks
93 called *blocks*. Every block is at least the size of 64KiB to support
94 arbitrary NOR flash erase ops. A payload or OS must make no further
95 assumptions about the block or communication buffer size.
97 ### Generating the SMI
99 SMMSTOREv2 is called via an SMI, which is generated via a write to the
100 IO port defined in the smi_cmd entry of the FADT ACPI table. `%al`
101 contains `APM_CNT_SMMSTORE=0xed` and is written to the smi_cmd IO
102 port. `%ah` contains the SMMSTOREv2 command. `%ebx` contains the
103 parameter buffer to the SMMSTOREv2 command.
107 If a command succeeds, SMMSTOREv2 will return with
108 `SMMSTORE_RET_SUCCESS=0` in `%eax`. On failure SMMSTORE will return
109 `SMMSTORE_RET_FAILURE=1`. For unsupported SMMSTORE commands
110 `SMMSTORE_REG_UNSUPPORTED=2` is returned.
112 **NOTE 1**: The caller **must** check the return value and should make
113 no assumption on the returned data if `%eax` does not contain
114 `SMMSTORE_RET_SUCCESS`.
116 **NOTE 2**: If the SMI returns without changing `%ax`, it can be assumed
117 that the SMMSTOREv2 feature is not installed.
119 ### Calling arguments
121 SMMSTOREv2 supports 3 subcommands that are passed via `%ah`, the
122 additional calling arguments are passed via `%ebx`.
124 **NOTE**: The size of the struct entries are in the native word size of
125 smihandler. This means 32 bits in almost all cases.
127 #### - SMMSTORE_CMD_INIT_DEPRECATED = 4
129 Unused, returns SMMSTORE_REG_UNSUPPORTED.
131 #### - SMMSTORE_CMD_RAW_READ = 5
133 SMMSTOREv2 allows reading arbitrary data. It is up to the caller to
134 initialize the store with meaningful data before using it.
136 The additional parameter buffer `%ebx` contains a pointer to the
140 struct smmstore_params_raw_read {
148 - `bufsize`: Size of data to read within the communication buffer
149 - `bufoffset`: Offset within the communication buffer
150 - `block_id`: Block to read from
152 #### - SMMSTORE_CMD_RAW_WRITE = 6
154 SMMSTOREv2 allows writing arbitrary data. It is up to the caller to
155 erase a block before writing it.
157 The additional parameter buffer `%ebx` contains a pointer to
158 the following struct:
161 struct smmstore_params_raw_write {
169 - `bufsize`: Size of data to write within the communication buffer
170 - `bufoffset`: Offset within the communication buffer
171 - `block_id`: Block to write to
173 #### - SMMSTORE_CMD_RAW_CLEAR = 7
175 SMMSTOREv2 allows clearing blocks. A cleared block will read as `0xff`.
176 By providing multiple blocks the caller can implement a fault tolerant
177 write mechanism. It is up to the caller to clear blocks before writing
182 struct smmstore_params_raw_clear {
188 - `block_id`: Block to erase
192 Pointers provided by the payload or OS are checked to not overlap with
193 SMM. This protects the SMM handler from being compromised.
195 As all information is exchanged using the communication buffer and
196 coreboot tables, there's no risk that a malicious application capable
197 of issuing SMIs could extract arbitrary data or modify the currently
205 A Tour Beyond BIOS Implementing UEFI Authenticated Variables in SMM with EDKI <https://software.intel.com/sites/default/files/managed/cf/ea/a_tour_beyond_bios_implementing_uefi_authenticated_variables_in_smm_with_edkii.pdf>
207 Note that this differs significantly from coreboot's implementation.
209 [SMM]: ../security/smm.md