src/expr.c

   1 /* expr -- evaluate expressions.
   2    Copyright (C) 1986-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   3
   4    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   5    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   6    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   7    (at your option) any later version.
   8
   9    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  12    GNU General Public License for more details.
  13
  14    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  15    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
  16
  17 /* Author: Mike Parker.
  18    Modified for arbitrary-precision calculation by James Youngman.
  19
  20    This program evaluates expressions.  Each token (operator, operand,
  21    parenthesis) of the expression must be a seperate argument.  The
  22    parser used is a reasonably general one, though any incarnation of
  23    it is language-specific.  It is especially nice for expressions.
  24
  25    No parse tree is needed; a new node is evaluated immediately.
  26    One function can handle multiple operators all of equal precedence,
  27    provided they all associate ((x op x) op x).
  28
  29    Define EVAL_TRACE to print an evaluation trace.  */
  30
  31 #include <config.h>
  32 #include <stdio.h>
  33 #include <sys/types.h>
  34 #include "system.h"
  35
  36 #include <regex.h>
  37 #include "error.h"
  38 #include "long-options.h"
  39 #include "quotearg.h"
  40 #include "strnumcmp.h"
  41 #include "xstrtol.h"
  42
  43 /* Various parts of this code assume size_t fits into unsigned long
  44    int, the widest unsigned type that GMP supports.  */
  45 verify (SIZE_MAX <= ULONG_MAX);
  46
  47 static void integer_overflow (char) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
  48
  49 #ifndef HAVE_GMP
  50 # define HAVE_GMP 0
  51 #endif
  52
  53 #if HAVE_GMP
  54 # include <gmp.h>
  55 #else
  56 /* Approximate gmp.h well enough for expr.c's purposes.  */
  57 typedef intmax_t mpz_t[1];
  58 static void mpz_clear (mpz_t z) { (void) z; }
  59 static void mpz_init_set_ui (mpz_t z, unsigned long int i) { z[0] = i; }
  60 static int
  61 mpz_init_set_str (mpz_t z, char *s, int base)
  62 {
  63   return xstrtoimax (s, NULL, base, z, NULL) == LONGINT_OK ? 0 : -1;
  64 }
  65 static void
  66 mpz_add (mpz_t r, mpz_t a0, mpz_t b0)
  67 {
  68   intmax_t a = a0[0];
  69   intmax_t b = b0[0];
  70   intmax_t val = a + b;
  71   if ((val < a) != (b < 0))
  72     integer_overflow ('+');
  73   r[0] = val;
  74 }
  75 static void
  76 mpz_sub (mpz_t r, mpz_t a0, mpz_t b0)
  77 {
  78   intmax_t a = a0[0];
  79   intmax_t b = b0[0];
  80   intmax_t val = a - b;
  81   if ((a < val) != (b < 0))
  82     integer_overflow ('-');
  83   r[0] = val;
  84 }
  85 static void
  86 mpz_mul (mpz_t r, mpz_t a0, mpz_t b0)
  87 {
  88   intmax_t a = a0[0];
  89   intmax_t b = b0[0];
  90   intmax_t val = a * b;
  91   if (! (a == 0 || b == 0
  92          || ((val < 0) == ((a < 0) ^ (b < 0)) && val / a == b)))
  93     integer_overflow ('*');
  94   r[0] = val;
  95 }
  96 static void
  97 mpz_tdiv_q (mpz_t r, mpz_t a0, mpz_t b0)
  98 {
  99   intmax_t a = a0[0];
 100   intmax_t b = b0[0];
 101
 102   /* Some x86-style hosts raise an exception for INT_MIN / -1.  */
 103   if (a < - INTMAX_MAX && b == -1)
 104     integer_overflow ('/');
 105   r[0] = a / b;
 106 }
 107 static void
 108 mpz_tdiv_r (mpz_t r, mpz_t a0, mpz_t b0)
 109 {
 110   intmax_t a = a0[0];
 111   intmax_t b = b0[0];
 112
 113   /* Some x86-style hosts raise an exception for INT_MIN % -1.  */
 114   r[0] = a < - INTMAX_MAX && b == -1 ? 0 : a % b;
 115 }
 116 static char *
 117 mpz_get_str (char const *str, int base, mpz_t z)
 118 {
 119   (void) str; (void) base;
 120   char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (intmax_t)];
 121   return xstrdup (imaxtostr (z[0], buf));
 122 }
 123 static int
 124 mpz_sgn (mpz_t z)
 125 {
 126   return z[0] < 0 ? -1 : 0 < z[0];
 127 }
 128 static int
 129 mpz_fits_ulong_p (mpz_t z)
 130 {
 131   return 0 <= z[0] && z[0] <= ULONG_MAX;
 132 }
 133 static unsigned long int
 134 mpz_get_ui (mpz_t z)
 135 {
 136   return z[0];
 137 }
 138 static int
 139 mpz_out_str (FILE *stream, int base, mpz_t z)
 140 {
 141   (void) base;
 142   char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (intmax_t)];
 143   return fputs (imaxtostr (z[0], buf), stream) != EOF;
 144 }
 145 #endif
 146
 147 /* The official name of this program (e.g., no 'g' prefix).  */
 148 #define PROGRAM_NAME "expr"
 149
 150 #define AUTHORS \
 151   proper_name ("Mike Parker"), \
 152   proper_name ("James Youngman"), \
 153   proper_name ("Paul Eggert")
 154
 155 /* Exit statuses.  */
 156 enum
 157   {
 158     /* Invalid expression: e.g., its form does not conform to the
 159        grammar for expressions.  Our grammar is an extension of the
 160        POSIX grammar.  */
 161     EXPR_INVALID = 2,
 162
 163     /* An internal error occurred, e.g., arithmetic overflow, storage
 164        exhaustion.  */
 165     EXPR_FAILURE
 166   };
 167
 168 /* The kinds of value we can have.  */
 169 enum valtype
 170 {
 171   integer,
 172   string
 173 };
 174 typedef enum valtype TYPE;
 175
 176 /* A value is.... */
 177 struct valinfo
 178 {
 179   TYPE type;                    /* Which kind. */
 180   union
 181   {                             /* The value itself. */
 182     mpz_t i;
 183     char *s;
 184   } u;
 185 };
 186 typedef struct valinfo VALUE;
 187
 188 /* The arguments given to the program, minus the program name.  */
 189 static char **args;
 190
 191 static VALUE *eval (bool);
 192 static bool nomoreargs (void);
 193 static bool null (VALUE *v);
 194 static void printv (VALUE *v);
 195
 196 void
 197 usage (int status)
 198 {
 199   if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
 200     emit_try_help ();
 201   else
 202     {
 203       printf (_("\
 204 Usage: %s EXPRESSION\n\
 205   or:  %s OPTION\n\
 206 "),
 207               program_name, program_name);
 208       putchar ('\n');
 209       fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
 210       fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
 211       fputs (_("\
 212 \n\
 213 Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output.  A blank line below\n\
 214 separates increasing precedence groups.  EXPRESSION may be:\n\
 215 \n\
 216   ARG1 | ARG2       ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2\n\
 217 \n\
 218   ARG1 & ARG2       ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0\n\
 219 "), stdout);
 220       fputs (_("\
 221 \n\
 222   ARG1 < ARG2       ARG1 is less than ARG2\n\
 223   ARG1 <= ARG2      ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2\n\
 224   ARG1 = ARG2       ARG1 is equal to ARG2\n\
 225   ARG1 != ARG2      ARG1 is unequal to ARG2\n\
 226   ARG1 >= ARG2      ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2\n\
 227   ARG1 > ARG2       ARG1 is greater than ARG2\n\
 228 "), stdout);
 229       fputs (_("\
 230 \n\
 231   ARG1 + ARG2       arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2\n\
 232   ARG1 - ARG2       arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2\n\
 233 "), stdout);
 234       /* Tell xgettext that the "% A" below is not a printf-style
 235          format string:  xgettext:no-c-format */
 236       fputs (_("\
 237 \n\
 238   ARG1 * ARG2       arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2\n\
 239   ARG1 / ARG2       arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2\n\
 240   ARG1 % ARG2       arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2\n\
 241 "), stdout);
 242       fputs (_("\
 243 \n\
 244   STRING : REGEXP   anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING\n\
 245 \n\
 246   match STRING REGEXP        same as STRING : REGEXP\n\
 247   substr STRING POS LENGTH   substring of STRING, POS counted from 1\n\
 248   index STRING CHARS         index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0\n\
 249   length STRING              length of STRING\n\
 250 "), stdout);
 251       fputs (_("\
 252   + TOKEN                    interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a\n\
 253                                keyword like 'match' or an operator like '/'\n\
 254 \n\
 255   ( EXPRESSION )             value of EXPRESSION\n\
 256 "), stdout);
 257       fputs (_("\
 258 \n\
 259 Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.\n\
 260 Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.\n\
 261 Pattern matches return the string matched between \\( and \\) or null; if\n\
 262 \\( and \\) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.\n\
 263 "), stdout);
 264       fputs (_("\
 265 \n\
 266 Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null\n\
 267 or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.\n\
 268 "), stdout);
 269       emit_ancillary_info ();
 270     }
 271   exit (status);
 272 }
 273
 274 /* Report a syntax error and exit.  */
 275 static void
 276 syntax_error (void)
 277 {
 278   error (EXPR_INVALID, 0, _("syntax error"));
 279 }
 280
 281 /* Report an integer overflow for operation OP and exit.  */
 282 static void
 283 integer_overflow (char op)
 284 {
 285   error (EXPR_FAILURE, ERANGE, "%c", op);
 286   abort (); /* notreached */
 287 }
 288
 289 static void die (int errno_val, char const *msg)
 290   ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
 291 static void
 292 die (int errno_val, char const *msg)
 293 {
 294   error (EXPR_FAILURE, errno_val, "%s", msg);
 295   abort (); /* notreached */
 296 }
 297
 298 int
 299 main (int argc, char **argv)
 300 {
 301   VALUE *v;
 302
 303   initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
 304   set_program_name (argv[0]);
 305   setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
 306   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
 307   textdomain (PACKAGE);
 308
 309   initialize_exit_failure (EXPR_FAILURE);
 310   atexit (close_stdout);
 311
 312   parse_long_options (argc, argv, PROGRAM_NAME, PACKAGE_NAME, VERSION,
 313                       usage, AUTHORS, (char const *) NULL);
 314
 315   /* The above handles --help and --version.
 316      Since there is no other invocation of getopt, handle '--' here.  */
 317   unsigned int u_argc = argc;
 318   if (1 < u_argc && STREQ (argv[1], "--"))
 319     {
 320       --u_argc;
 321       ++argv;
 322     }
 323
 324   if (u_argc <= 1)
 325     {
 326       error (0, 0, _("missing operand"));
 327       usage (EXPR_INVALID);
 328     }
 329
 330   args = argv + 1;
 331
 332   v = eval (true);
 333   if (!nomoreargs ())
 334     syntax_error ();
 335   printv (v);
 336
 337   exit (null (v));
 338 }
 339
 340 /* Return a VALUE for I.  */
 341
 342 static VALUE *
 343 int_value (unsigned long int i)
 344 {
 345   VALUE *v = xmalloc (sizeof *v);
 346   v->type = integer;
 347   mpz_init_set_ui (v->u.i, i);
 348   return v;
 349 }
 350
 351 /* Return a VALUE for S.  */
 352
 353 static VALUE *
 354 str_value (char const *s)
 355 {
 356   VALUE *v = xmalloc (sizeof *v);
 357   v->type = string;
 358   v->u.s = xstrdup (s);
 359   return v;
 360 }
 361
 362 /* Free VALUE V, including structure components.  */
 363
 364 static void
 365 freev (VALUE *v)
 366 {
 367   if (v->type == string)
 368     free (v->u.s);
 369   else
 370     mpz_clear (v->u.i);
 371   free (v);
 372 }
 373
 374 /* Print VALUE V.  */
 375
 376 static void
 377 printv (VALUE *v)
 378 {
 379   switch (v->type)
 380     {
 381     case integer:
 382       mpz_out_str (stdout, 10, v->u.i);
 383       putchar ('\n');
 384       break;
 385     case string:
 386       puts (v->u.s);
 387       break;
 388     default:
 389       abort ();
 390     }
 391 }
 392
 393 /* Return true if V is a null-string or zero-number.  */
 394
 395 static bool _GL_ATTRIBUTE_PURE
 396 null (VALUE *v)
 397 {
 398   switch (v->type)
 399     {
 400     case integer:
 401       return mpz_sgn (v->u.i) == 0;
 402     case string:
 403       {
 404         char const *cp = v->u.s;
 405         if (*cp == '\0')
 406           return true;
 407
 408         cp += (*cp == '-');
 409
 410         do
 411           {
 412             if (*cp != '0')
 413               return false;
 414           }
 415         while (*++cp);
 416
 417         return true;
 418       }
 419     default:
 420       abort ();
 421     }
 422 }
 423
 424 /* Return true if CP takes the form of an integer.  */
 425
 426 static bool _GL_ATTRIBUTE_PURE
 427 looks_like_integer (char const *cp)
 428 {
 429   cp += (*cp == '-');
 430
 431   do
 432     if (! ISDIGIT (*cp))
 433       return false;
 434   while (*++cp);
 435
 436   return true;
 437 }
 438
 439 /* Coerce V to a string value (can't fail).  */
 440
 441 static void
 442 tostring (VALUE *v)
 443 {
 444   switch (v->type)
 445     {
 446     case integer:
 447       {
 448         char *s = mpz_get_str (NULL, 10, v->u.i);
 449         mpz_clear (v->u.i);
 450         v->u.s = s;
 451         v->type = string;
 452       }
 453       break;
 454     case string:
 455       break;
 456     default:
 457       abort ();
 458     }
 459 }
 460
 461 /* Coerce V to an integer value.  Return true on success, false on failure.  */
 462
 463 static bool
 464 toarith (VALUE *v)
 465 {
 466   switch (v->type)
 467     {
 468     case integer:
 469       return true;
 470     case string:
 471       {
 472         char *s = v->u.s;
 473
 474         if (! looks_like_integer (s))
 475           return false;
 476         if (mpz_init_set_str (v->u.i, s, 10) != 0 && !HAVE_GMP)
 477           error (EXPR_FAILURE, ERANGE, "%s", s);
 478         free (s);
 479         v->type = integer;
 480         return true;
 481       }
 482     default:
 483       abort ();
 484     }
 485 }
 486
 487 /* Extract a size_t value from an integer value I.
 488    If the value is negative, return SIZE_MAX.
 489    If the value is too large, return SIZE_MAX - 1.  */
 490 static size_t
 491 getsize (mpz_t i)
 492 {
 493   if (mpz_sgn (i) < 0)
 494     return SIZE_MAX;
 495   if (mpz_fits_ulong_p (i))
 496     {
 497       unsigned long int ul = mpz_get_ui (i);
 498       if (ul < SIZE_MAX)
 499         return ul;
 500     }
 501   return SIZE_MAX - 1;
 502 }
 503
 504 /* Return true and advance if the next token matches STR exactly.
 505    STR must not be NULL.  */
 506
 507 static bool
 508 nextarg (char const *str)
 509 {
 510   if (*args == NULL)
 511     return false;
 512   else
 513     {
 514       bool r = STREQ (*args, str);
 515       args += r;
 516       return r;
 517     }
 518 }
 519
 520 /* Return true if there no more tokens.  */
 521
 522 static bool
 523 nomoreargs (void)
 524 {
 525   return *args == 0;
 526 }
 527
 528 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 529 /* Print evaluation trace and args remaining.  */
 530
 531 static void
 532 trace (fxn)
 533      char *fxn;
 534 {
 535   char **a;
 536
 537   printf ("%s:", fxn);
 538   for (a = args; *a; a++)
 539     printf (" %s", *a);
 540   putchar ('\n');
 541 }
 542 #endif
 543
 544 /* Do the : operator.
 545    SV is the VALUE for the lhs (the string),
 546    PV is the VALUE for the rhs (the pattern).  */
 547
 548 static VALUE *
 549 docolon (VALUE *sv, VALUE *pv)
 550 {
 551   VALUE *v IF_LINT ( = NULL);
 552   const char *errmsg;
 553   struct re_pattern_buffer re_buffer;
 554   char fastmap[UCHAR_MAX + 1];
 555   struct re_registers re_regs;
 556   regoff_t matchlen;
 557
 558   tostring (sv);
 559   tostring (pv);
 560
 561   re_regs.num_regs = 0;
 562   re_regs.start = NULL;
 563   re_regs.end = NULL;
 564
 565   re_buffer.buffer = NULL;
 566   re_buffer.allocated = 0;
 567   re_buffer.fastmap = fastmap;
 568   re_buffer.translate = NULL;
 569   re_syntax_options =
 570     RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC & ~RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_DUP & ~RE_NO_EMPTY_RANGES;
 571   errmsg = re_compile_pattern (pv->u.s, strlen (pv->u.s), &re_buffer);
 572   if (errmsg)
 573     error (EXPR_INVALID, 0, "%s", errmsg);
 574   re_buffer.newline_anchor = 0;
 575
 576   matchlen = re_match (&re_buffer, sv->u.s, strlen (sv->u.s), 0, &re_regs);
 577   if (0 <= matchlen)
 578     {
 579       /* Were \(...\) used? */
 580       if (re_buffer.re_nsub > 0)
 581         {
 582           sv->u.s[re_regs.end[1]] = '\0';
 583           v = str_value (sv->u.s + re_regs.start[1]);
 584         }
 585       else
 586         v = int_value (matchlen);
 587     }
 588   else if (matchlen == -1)
 589     {
 590       /* Match failed -- return the right kind of null.  */
 591       if (re_buffer.re_nsub > 0)
 592         v = str_value ("");
 593       else
 594         v = int_value (0);
 595     }
 596   else
 597     error (EXPR_FAILURE,
 598            (matchlen == -2 ? errno : EOVERFLOW),
 599            _("error in regular expression matcher"));
 600
 601   if (0 < re_regs.num_regs)
 602     {
 603       free (re_regs.start);
 604       free (re_regs.end);
 605     }
 606   re_buffer.fastmap = NULL;
 607   regfree (&re_buffer);
 608   return v;
 609 }
 610
 611 /* Handle bare operands and ( expr ) syntax.  */
 612
 613 static VALUE *
 614 eval7 (bool evaluate)
 615 {
 616   VALUE *v;
 617
 618 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 619   trace ("eval7");
 620 #endif
 621   if (nomoreargs ())
 622     syntax_error ();
 623
 624   if (nextarg ("("))
 625     {
 626       v = eval (evaluate);
 627       if (!nextarg (")"))
 628         syntax_error ();
 629       return v;
 630     }
 631
 632   if (nextarg (")"))
 633     syntax_error ();
 634
 635   return str_value (*args++);
 636 }
 637
 638 /* Handle match, substr, index, and length keywords, and quoting "+".  */
 639
 640 static VALUE *
 641 eval6 (bool evaluate)
 642 {
 643   VALUE *l;
 644   VALUE *r;
 645   VALUE *v;
 646   VALUE *i1;
 647   VALUE *i2;
 648
 649 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 650   trace ("eval6");
 651 #endif
 652   if (nextarg ("+"))
 653     {
 654       if (nomoreargs ())
 655         syntax_error ();
 656       return str_value (*args++);
 657     }
 658   else if (nextarg ("length"))
 659     {
 660       r = eval6 (evaluate);
 661       tostring (r);
 662       v = int_value (strlen (r->u.s));
 663       freev (r);
 664       return v;
 665     }
 666   else if (nextarg ("match"))
 667     {
 668       l = eval6 (evaluate);
 669       r = eval6 (evaluate);
 670       if (evaluate)
 671         {
 672           v = docolon (l, r);
 673           freev (l);
 674         }
 675       else
 676         v = l;
 677       freev (r);
 678       return v;
 679     }
 680   else if (nextarg ("index"))
 681     {
 682       size_t pos;
 683
 684       l = eval6 (evaluate);
 685       r = eval6 (evaluate);
 686       tostring (l);
 687       tostring (r);
 688       pos = strcspn (l->u.s, r->u.s);
 689       v = int_value (l->u.s[pos] ? pos + 1 : 0);
 690       freev (l);
 691       freev (r);
 692       return v;
 693     }
 694   else if (nextarg ("substr"))
 695     {
 696       size_t llen;
 697       l = eval6 (evaluate);
 698       i1 = eval6 (evaluate);
 699       i2 = eval6 (evaluate);
 700       tostring (l);
 701       llen = strlen (l->u.s);
 702
 703       if (!toarith (i1) || !toarith (i2))
 704         v = str_value ("");
 705       else
 706         {
 707           size_t pos = getsize (i1->u.i);
 708           size_t len = getsize (i2->u.i);
 709
 710           if (llen < pos || pos == 0 || len == 0 || len == SIZE_MAX)
 711             v = str_value ("");
 712           else
 713             {
 714               size_t vlen = MIN (len, llen - pos + 1);
 715               char *vlim;
 716               v = xmalloc (sizeof *v);
 717               v->type = string;
 718               v->u.s = xmalloc (vlen + 1);
 719               vlim = mempcpy (v->u.s, l->u.s + pos - 1, vlen);
 720               *vlim = '\0';
 721             }
 722         }
 723       freev (l);
 724       freev (i1);
 725       freev (i2);
 726       return v;
 727     }
 728   else
 729     return eval7 (evaluate);
 730 }
 731
 732 /* Handle : operator (pattern matching).
 733    Calls docolon to do the real work.  */
 734
 735 static VALUE *
 736 eval5 (bool evaluate)
 737 {
 738   VALUE *l;
 739   VALUE *r;
 740   VALUE *v;
 741
 742 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 743   trace ("eval5");
 744 #endif
 745   l = eval6 (evaluate);
 746   while (1)
 747     {
 748       if (nextarg (":"))
 749         {
 750           r = eval6 (evaluate);
 751           if (evaluate)
 752             {
 753               v = docolon (l, r);
 754               freev (l);
 755               l = v;
 756             }
 757           freev (r);
 758         }
 759       else
 760         return l;
 761     }
 762 }
 763
 764 /* Handle *, /, % operators.  */
 765
 766 static VALUE *
 767 eval4 (bool evaluate)
 768 {
 769   VALUE *l;
 770   VALUE *r;
 771   enum { multiply, divide, mod } fxn;
 772
 773 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 774   trace ("eval4");
 775 #endif
 776   l = eval5 (evaluate);
 777   while (1)
 778     {
 779       if (nextarg ("*"))
 780         fxn = multiply;
 781       else if (nextarg ("/"))
 782         fxn = divide;
 783       else if (nextarg ("%"))
 784         fxn = mod;
 785       else
 786         return l;
 787       r = eval5 (evaluate);
 788       if (evaluate)
 789         {
 790           if (!toarith (l) || !toarith (r))
 791             error (EXPR_INVALID, 0, _("non-integer argument"));
 792           if (fxn != multiply && mpz_sgn (r->u.i) == 0)
 793             error (EXPR_INVALID, 0, _("division by zero"));
 794           ((fxn == multiply ? mpz_mul
 795             : fxn == divide ? mpz_tdiv_q
 796             : mpz_tdiv_r)
 797            (l->u.i, l->u.i, r->u.i));
 798         }
 799       freev (r);
 800     }
 801 }
 802
 803 /* Handle +, - operators.  */
 804
 805 static VALUE *
 806 eval3 (bool evaluate)
 807 {
 808   VALUE *l;
 809   VALUE *r;
 810   enum { plus, minus } fxn;
 811
 812 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 813   trace ("eval3");
 814 #endif
 815   l = eval4 (evaluate);
 816   while (1)
 817     {
 818       if (nextarg ("+"))
 819         fxn = plus;
 820       else if (nextarg ("-"))
 821         fxn = minus;
 822       else
 823         return l;
 824       r = eval4 (evaluate);
 825       if (evaluate)
 826         {
 827           if (!toarith (l) || !toarith (r))
 828             error (EXPR_INVALID, 0, _("non-integer argument"));
 829           (fxn == plus ? mpz_add : mpz_sub) (l->u.i, l->u.i, r->u.i);
 830         }
 831       freev (r);
 832     }
 833 }
 834
 835 /* Handle comparisons.  */
 836
 837 static VALUE *
 838 eval2 (bool evaluate)
 839 {
 840   VALUE *l;
 841
 842 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 843   trace ("eval2");
 844 #endif
 845   l = eval3 (evaluate);
 846   while (1)
 847     {
 848       VALUE *r;
 849       enum
 850         {
 851           less_than, less_equal, equal, not_equal, greater_equal, greater_than
 852         } fxn;
 853       bool val = false;
 854
 855       if (nextarg ("<"))
 856         fxn = less_than;
 857       else if (nextarg ("<="))
 858         fxn = less_equal;
 859       else if (nextarg ("=") || nextarg ("=="))
 860         fxn = equal;
 861       else if (nextarg ("!="))
 862         fxn = not_equal;
 863       else if (nextarg (">="))
 864         fxn = greater_equal;
 865       else if (nextarg (">"))
 866         fxn = greater_than;
 867       else
 868         return l;
 869       r = eval3 (evaluate);
 870
 871       if (evaluate)
 872         {
 873           int cmp;
 874           tostring (l);
 875           tostring (r);
 876
 877           if (looks_like_integer (l->u.s) && looks_like_integer (r->u.s))
 878             cmp = strintcmp (l->u.s, r->u.s);
 879           else
 880             {
 881               errno = 0;
 882               cmp = strcoll (l->u.s, r->u.s);
 883
 884               if (errno)
 885                 {
 886                   error (0, errno, _("string comparison failed"));
 887                   error (0, 0, _("set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem"));
 888                   error (EXPR_INVALID, 0,
 889                          _("the strings compared were %s and %s"),
 890                          quotearg_n_style (0, locale_quoting_style, l->u.s),
 891                          quotearg_n_style (1, locale_quoting_style, r->u.s));
 892                 }
 893             }
 894
 895           switch (fxn)
 896             {
 897             case less_than:     val = (cmp <  0); break;
 898             case less_equal:    val = (cmp <= 0); break;
 899             case equal:         val = (cmp == 0); break;
 900             case not_equal:     val = (cmp != 0); break;
 901             case greater_equal: val = (cmp >= 0); break;
 902             case greater_than:  val = (cmp >  0); break;
 903             default: abort ();
 904             }
 905         }
 906
 907       freev (l);
 908       freev (r);
 909       l = int_value (val);
 910     }
 911 }
 912
 913 /* Handle &.  */
 914
 915 static VALUE *
 916 eval1 (bool evaluate)
 917 {
 918   VALUE *l;
 919   VALUE *r;
 920
 921 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 922   trace ("eval1");
 923 #endif
 924   l = eval2 (evaluate);
 925   while (1)
 926     {
 927       if (nextarg ("&"))
 928         {
 929           r = eval2 (evaluate && !null (l));
 930           if (null (l) || null (r))
 931             {
 932               freev (l);
 933               freev (r);
 934               l = int_value (0);
 935             }
 936           else
 937             freev (r);
 938         }
 939       else
 940         return l;
 941     }
 942 }
 943
 944 /* Handle |.  */
 945
 946 static VALUE *
 947 eval (bool evaluate)
 948 {
 949   VALUE *l;
 950   VALUE *r;
 951
 952 #ifdef EVAL_TRACE
 953   trace ("eval");
 954 #endif
 955   l = eval1 (evaluate);
 956   while (1)
 957     {
 958       if (nextarg ("|"))
 959         {
 960           r = eval1 (evaluate && null (l));
 961           if (null (l))
 962             {
 963               freev (l);
 964               l = r;
 965               if (null (l))
 966                 {
 967                   freev (l);
 968                   l = int_value (0);
 969                 }
 970             }
 971           else
 972             freev (r);
 973         }
 974       else
 975         return l;
 976     }
 977 }