1 /* paste - merge lines of files
2 Copyright (C) 1984, 1997, 1998 by David M. Ihnat
4 This program is a total rewrite of the Bell Laboratories Unix(Tm)
5 command of the same name, as of System V. It contains no proprietary
6 code, and therefore may be used without violation of any proprietary
7 agreements whatsoever. However, you will notice that the program is
8 copyrighted by me. This is to assure the program does *not* fall
9 into the public domain. Thus, I may specify just what I am now:
10 This program may be freely copied and distributed, provided this notice
11 remains; it may not be sold for profit without express written consent of
13 Please note that I recreated the behavior of the Unix(Tm) 'paste' command
14 as faithfully as possible, with minor exceptions; however,
15 I haven't run a full set of regression tests. Thus, the user of
16 this program accepts full responsibility for any effects or loss;
17 in particular, the author is not responsible for any losses,
18 explicit or incidental, that may be incurred through use of this program.
20 I ask that any bugs (and, if possible, fixes) be reported to me when
21 possible. -David Ihnat (312) 784-4544 ignatz@homebru.chi.il.us
23 The list of valid escape sequences has been expanded over the Unix
24 version, to include \b, \f, \r, and \v.
26 POSIX changes, bug fixes, long-named options, and cleanup
27 by David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu>.
31 -s Paste one file at a time rather than
32 one line from each file.
33 --delimiters=delim-list
34 -d delim-list Consecutively use the characters in
35 DELIM-LIST instead of tab to separate
36 merged lines. When DELIM-LIST is exhausted,
37 start again at its beginning.
38 A FILE of `-' means standard input.
39 If no FILEs are given, standard input is used. */
45 #include <sys/types.h>
49 /* Indicates that no delimiter should be added in the current position. */
50 #define EMPTY_DELIM '\0'
52 static FILE dummy_closed
;
53 /* Element marking a file that has reached EOF and been closed. */
54 #define CLOSED (&dummy_closed)
56 static FILE dummy_endlist
;
57 /* Element marking end of list of open files. */
58 #define ENDLIST (&dummy_endlist)
60 /* Name this program was run with. */
63 /* If nonzero, we have read standard input at some point. */
64 static int have_read_stdin
;
66 /* If nonzero, merge subsequent lines of each file rather than
67 corresponding lines from each file in parallel. */
68 static int serial_merge
;
70 /* The delimeters between lines of input files (used cyclically). */
73 /* A pointer to the character after the end of `delims'. */
74 static char *delim_end
;
76 /* If nonzero, display usage information and exit. */
79 /* If nonzero, print the version on standard output then exit. */
80 static int show_version
;
82 static struct option
const longopts
[] =
84 {"serial", no_argument
, 0, 's'},
85 {"delimiters", required_argument
, 0, 'd'},
86 {"help", no_argument
, &show_help
, 1},
87 {"version", no_argument
, &show_version
, 1},
91 /* Replace backslash representations of special characters in
92 STRPTR with their actual values.
93 The set of possible backslash characters has been expanded beyond
94 that recognized by the Unix version.
96 Return a pointer to the character after the new end of STRPTR. */
99 collapse_escapes (char *strptr
)
101 register char *strout
;
103 strout
= strptr
; /* Start at the same place, anyway. */
107 if (*strptr
!= '\\') /* Is it an escape character? */
108 *strout
++ = *strptr
++; /* No, just transfer it. */
114 *strout
++ = EMPTY_DELIM
;
151 /* Perform column paste on the NFILES files named in FNAMPTR.
152 Return 0 if no errors, 1 if one or more files could not be
156 paste_parallel (int nfiles
, char **fnamptr
)
158 int errors
= 0; /* 1 if open or read errors occur. */
159 /* Number of files for which space is allocated in `delbuf' and `fileptr'.
160 Enlarged as necessary. */
161 int file_list_size
= 12;
162 int chr
; /* Input character. */
163 int line_length
; /* Number of chars in line. */
164 int somedone
; /* 0 if all files empty for this line. */
165 /* If all files are just ready to be closed, or will be on this
166 round, the string of delimiters must be preserved.
167 delbuf[0] through delbuf[file_list_size]
168 store the delimiters for closed files. */
170 int delims_saved
; /* Number of delims saved in `delbuf'. */
171 register char *delimptr
; /* Cycling pointer into `delims'. */
172 FILE **fileptr
; /* Streams open to the files to process. */
173 int files_open
; /* Number of files still open to process. */
174 int i
; /* Loop index. */
175 int opened_stdin
= 0; /* Nonzero if any fopen got fd 0. */
177 #ifdef lint /* Suppress `used before initialized' warning. */
181 delbuf
= (char *) xmalloc (file_list_size
+ 2);
182 fileptr
= (FILE **) xmalloc ((file_list_size
+ 1) * sizeof (FILE *));
184 /* Attempt to open all files. This could be expanded to an infinite
185 number of files, but at the (considerable) expense of remembering
186 each file and its current offset, then opening/reading/closing. */
188 for (files_open
= 0; files_open
< nfiles
; ++files_open
)
190 if (files_open
== file_list_size
- 2)
192 file_list_size
+= 12;
193 delbuf
= (char *) xrealloc (delbuf
, file_list_size
+ 2);
194 fileptr
= (FILE **) xrealloc ((char *) fileptr
, (file_list_size
+ 1)
197 if (STREQ (fnamptr
[files_open
], "-"))
200 fileptr
[files_open
] = stdin
;
204 fileptr
[files_open
] = fopen (fnamptr
[files_open
], "r");
205 if (fileptr
[files_open
] == NULL
)
206 error (EXIT_FAILURE
, errno
, "%s", fnamptr
[files_open
]);
207 else if (fileno (fileptr
[files_open
]) == 0)
212 fileptr
[files_open
] = ENDLIST
;
214 if (opened_stdin
&& have_read_stdin
)
215 error (EXIT_FAILURE
, 0, _("standard input is closed"));
217 /* Read a line from each file and output it to stdout separated by a
218 delimiter, until we go through the loop without successfully
219 reading from any of the files. */
223 /* Set up for the next line. */
228 for (i
= 0; fileptr
[i
] != ENDLIST
&& files_open
; i
++)
230 line_length
= 0; /* Clear so we can easily detect EOF. */
231 if (fileptr
[i
] != CLOSED
)
233 chr
= getc (fileptr
[i
]);
234 if (chr
!= EOF
&& delims_saved
)
236 fwrite (delbuf
, sizeof (char), delims_saved
, stdout
);
246 chr
= getc (fileptr
[i
]);
250 if (line_length
== 0)
252 /* EOF, read error, or closed file.
253 If an EOF or error, close the file and mark it in the list. */
254 if (fileptr
[i
] != CLOSED
)
256 if (ferror (fileptr
[i
]))
258 error (0, errno
, "%s", fnamptr
[i
]);
261 if (fileptr
[i
] == stdin
)
262 clearerr (fileptr
[i
]); /* Also clear EOF. */
263 else if (fclose (fileptr
[i
]) == EOF
)
265 error (0, errno
, "%s", fnamptr
[i
]);
273 if (fileptr
[i
+ 1] == ENDLIST
)
275 /* End of this output line.
276 Is this the end of the whole thing? */
279 /* No. Some files were not closed for this line. */
282 fwrite (delbuf
, sizeof (char), delims_saved
, stdout
);
287 continue; /* Next read of files, or exit. */
291 /* Closed file; add delimiter to `delbuf'. */
292 if (*delimptr
!= EMPTY_DELIM
)
293 delbuf
[delims_saved
++] = *delimptr
;
294 if (++delimptr
== delim_end
)
300 /* Some data read. */
303 /* Except for last file, replace last newline with delim. */
304 if (fileptr
[i
+ 1] != ENDLIST
)
308 if (*delimptr
!= EMPTY_DELIM
)
309 putc (*delimptr
, stdout
);
310 if (++delimptr
== delim_end
)
321 /* Perform serial paste on the NFILES files named in FNAMPTR.
322 Return 0 if no errors, 1 if one or more files could not be
326 paste_serial (int nfiles
, char **fnamptr
)
328 int errors
= 0; /* 1 if open or read errors occur. */
329 register int charnew
, charold
; /* Current and previous char read. */
330 register char *delimptr
; /* Current delimiter char. */
331 register FILE *fileptr
; /* Open for reading current file. */
333 for (; nfiles
; nfiles
--, fnamptr
++)
335 if (STREQ (*fnamptr
, "-"))
342 fileptr
= fopen (*fnamptr
, "r");
345 error (0, errno
, "%s", *fnamptr
);
351 delimptr
= delims
; /* Set up for delimiter string. */
353 charold
= getc (fileptr
);
356 /* `charold' is set up. Hit it!
357 Keep reading characters, stashing them in `charnew';
358 output `charold', converting to the appropriate delimiter
359 character if needed. After the EOF, output `charold'
360 if it's a newline; otherwise, output it and then a newline. */
362 while ((charnew
= getc (fileptr
)) != EOF
)
364 /* Process the old character. */
367 if (*delimptr
!= EMPTY_DELIM
)
368 putc (*delimptr
, stdout
);
370 if (++delimptr
== delim_end
)
374 putc (charold
, stdout
);
379 /* Hit EOF. Process that last character. */
380 putc (charold
, stdout
);
386 if (ferror (fileptr
))
388 error (0, errno
, "%s", *fnamptr
);
391 if (fileptr
== stdin
)
392 clearerr (fileptr
); /* Also clear EOF. */
393 else if (fclose (fileptr
) == EOF
)
395 error (0, errno
, "%s", *fnamptr
);
406 fprintf (stderr
, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
411 Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n\
415 Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from\n\
416 each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.\n\
417 With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n\
419 -d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs\n\
420 -s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel\n\
421 --help display this help and exit\n\
422 --version output version information and exit\n\
425 puts (_("\nReport bugs to <bug-textutils@gnu.org>."));
427 exit (status
== 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS
: EXIT_FAILURE
);
431 main (int argc
, char **argv
)
433 int optc
, exit_status
;
434 char default_delims
[2], zero_delims
[3];
436 program_name
= argv
[0];
437 setlocale (LC_ALL
, "");
438 bindtextdomain (PACKAGE
, LOCALEDIR
);
439 textdomain (PACKAGE
);
443 delims
= default_delims
;
444 strcpy (delims
, "\t");
445 strcpy (zero_delims
, "\\0");
447 while ((optc
= getopt_long (argc
, argv
, "d:s", longopts
, NULL
)) != -1)
455 /* Delimiter character(s). */
456 if (optarg
[0] == '\0')
457 optarg
= zero_delims
;
472 printf ("paste (%s) %s\n", GNU_PACKAGE
, VERSION
);
482 delim_end
= collapse_escapes (delims
);
485 exit_status
= paste_parallel (argc
- optind
, &argv
[optind
]);
487 exit_status
= paste_serial (argc
- optind
, &argv
[optind
]);
488 if (have_read_stdin
&& fclose (stdin
) == EOF
)
489 error (EXIT_FAILURE
, errno
, "-");
490 if (ferror (stdout
) || fclose (stdout
) == EOF
)
491 error (EXIT_FAILURE
, errno
, _("write error"));
492 exit (exit_status
== 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS
: EXIT_FAILURE
);