1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
3 * linux/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S -- start in 32bit and switch to 64bit
5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
6 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
7 * Copyright (C) 2000 Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>
8 * Copyright (C) 2001,2002 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
9 * Copyright (C) 2005 Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
13 #include <linux/linkage.h>
14 #include <linux/threads.h>
15 #include <linux/init.h>
16 #include <asm/segment.h>
17 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
20 #include <asm/cache.h>
21 #include <asm/processor-flags.h>
22 #include <asm/percpu.h>
24 #include "../entry/calling.h"
25 #include <asm/export.h>
27 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
28 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
29 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
30 #define GET_CR2_INTO(reg) GET_CR2_INTO_RAX ; movq %rax, reg
32 #define GET_CR2_INTO(reg) movq %cr2, reg
33 #define INTERRUPT_RETURN iretq
36 /* we are not able to switch in one step to the final KERNEL ADDRESS SPACE
37 * because we need identity-mapped pages.
41 #define pud_index(x) (((x) >> PUD_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PUD-1))
43 #if defined(CONFIG_XEN_PV) || defined(CONFIG_XEN_PVH)
44 PGD_PAGE_OFFSET = pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET_BASE)
45 PGD_START_KERNEL = pgd_index(__START_KERNEL_map)
47 L3_START_KERNEL = pud_index(__START_KERNEL_map)
56 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 0,
57 * and someone has loaded an identity mapped page table
58 * for us. These identity mapped page tables map all of the
59 * kernel pages and possibly all of memory.
61 * %rsi holds a physical pointer to real_mode_data.
63 * We come here either directly from a 64bit bootloader, or from
64 * arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S.
66 * We only come here initially at boot nothing else comes here.
68 * Since we may be loaded at an address different from what we were
69 * compiled to run at we first fixup the physical addresses in our page
70 * tables and then reload them.
73 /* Set up the stack for verify_cpu(), similar to initial_stack below */
74 leaq (__end_init_task - SIZEOF_PTREGS)(%rip), %rsp
76 /* Sanitize CPU configuration */
80 * Perform pagetable fixups. Additionally, if SME is active, encrypt
81 * the kernel and retrieve the modifier (SME encryption mask if SME
82 * is active) to be added to the initial pgdir entry that will be
83 * programmed into CR3.
85 leaq _text(%rip), %rdi
90 /* Form the CR3 value being sure to include the CR3 modifier */
91 addq $(early_top_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map), %rax
93 ENTRY(secondary_startup_64)
96 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 0,
97 * and someone has loaded a mapped page table.
99 * %rsi holds a physical pointer to real_mode_data.
101 * We come here either from startup_64 (using physical addresses)
102 * or from trampoline.S (using virtual addresses).
104 * Using virtual addresses from trampoline.S removes the need
105 * to have any identity mapped pages in the kernel page table
106 * after the boot processor executes this code.
109 /* Sanitize CPU configuration */
113 * Retrieve the modifier (SME encryption mask if SME is active) to be
114 * added to the initial pgdir entry that will be programmed into CR3.
117 call __startup_secondary_64
120 /* Form the CR3 value being sure to include the CR3 modifier */
121 addq $(init_top_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map), %rax
124 /* Enable PAE mode, PGE and LA57 */
125 movl $(X86_CR4_PAE | X86_CR4_PGE), %ecx
126 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL
127 orl $X86_CR4_LA57, %ecx
131 /* Setup early boot stage 4-/5-level pagetables. */
132 addq phys_base(%rip), %rax
135 /* Ensure I am executing from virtual addresses */
141 /* Check if nx is implemented */
142 movl $0x80000001, %eax
146 /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */
149 btsl $_EFER_SCE, %eax /* Enable System Call */
150 btl $20,%edi /* No Execute supported? */
153 btsq $_PAGE_BIT_NX,early_pmd_flags(%rip)
154 1: wrmsr /* Make changes effective */
157 movl $CR0_STATE, %eax
158 /* Make changes effective */
161 /* Setup a boot time stack */
162 movq initial_stack(%rip), %rsp
164 /* zero EFLAGS after setting rsp */
169 * We must switch to a new descriptor in kernel space for the GDT
170 * because soon the kernel won't have access anymore to the userspace
171 * addresses where we're currently running on. We have to do that here
172 * because in 32bit we couldn't load a 64bit linear address.
174 lgdt early_gdt_descr(%rip)
176 /* set up data segments */
183 * We don't really need to load %fs or %gs, but load them anyway
184 * to kill any stale realmode selectors. This allows execution
192 * The base of %gs always points to the bottom of the irqstack
193 * union. If the stack protector canary is enabled, it is
194 * located at %gs:40. Note that, on SMP, the boot cpu uses
195 * init data section till per cpu areas are set up.
197 movl $MSR_GS_BASE,%ecx
198 movl initial_gs(%rip),%eax
199 movl initial_gs+4(%rip),%edx
202 /* rsi is pointer to real mode structure with interesting info.
208 * Jump to run C code and to be on a real kernel address.
209 * Since we are running on identity-mapped space we have to jump
210 * to the full 64bit address, this is only possible as indirect
211 * jump. In addition we need to ensure %cs is set so we make this
214 * Note: do not change to far jump indirect with 64bit offset.
216 * AMD does not support far jump indirect with 64bit offset.
217 * AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual, Volume 3: states only
218 * JMP FAR mem16:16 FF /5 Far jump indirect,
219 * with the target specified by a far pointer in memory.
220 * JMP FAR mem16:32 FF /5 Far jump indirect,
221 * with the target specified by a far pointer in memory.
223 * Intel64 does support 64bit offset.
224 * Software Developer Manual Vol 2: states:
225 * FF /5 JMP m16:16 Jump far, absolute indirect,
226 * address given in m16:16
227 * FF /5 JMP m16:32 Jump far, absolute indirect,
228 * address given in m16:32.
229 * REX.W + FF /5 JMP m16:64 Jump far, absolute indirect,
230 * address given in m16:64.
232 pushq $.Lafter_lret # put return address on stack for unwinder
233 xorq %rbp, %rbp # clear frame pointer
234 movq initial_code(%rip), %rax
235 pushq $__KERNEL_CS # set correct cs
236 pushq %rax # target address in negative space
239 END(secondary_startup_64)
241 #include "verify_cpu.S"
243 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
245 * Boot CPU0 entry point. It's called from play_dead(). Everything has been set
246 * up already except stack. We just set up stack here. Then call
247 * start_secondary() via .Ljump_to_C_code.
250 movq initial_stack(%rip), %rsp
256 /* Both SMP bootup and ACPI suspend change these variables */
260 .quad x86_64_start_kernel
262 .quad INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(irq_stack_union)
263 GLOBAL(initial_stack)
265 * The SIZEOF_PTREGS gap is a convention which helps the in-kernel
266 * unwinder reliably detect the end of the stack.
268 .quad init_thread_union + THREAD_SIZE - SIZEOF_PTREGS
272 ENTRY(early_idt_handler_array)
274 .rept NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS
275 .if ((EXCEPTION_ERRCODE_MASK >> i) & 1) == 0
276 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS
277 pushq $0 # Dummy error code, to make stack frame uniform
279 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=8
281 pushq $i # 72(%rsp) Vector number
282 jmp early_idt_handler_common
283 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS
285 .fill early_idt_handler_array + i*EARLY_IDT_HANDLER_SIZE - ., 1, 0xcc
287 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=16
288 END(early_idt_handler_array)
290 early_idt_handler_common:
292 * The stack is the hardware frame, an error code or zero, and the
297 incl early_recursion_flag(%rip)
299 /* The vector number is currently in the pt_regs->di slot. */
300 pushq %rsi /* pt_regs->si */
301 movq 8(%rsp), %rsi /* RSI = vector number */
302 movq %rdi, 8(%rsp) /* pt_regs->di = RDI */
303 pushq %rdx /* pt_regs->dx */
304 pushq %rcx /* pt_regs->cx */
305 pushq %rax /* pt_regs->ax */
306 pushq %r8 /* pt_regs->r8 */
307 pushq %r9 /* pt_regs->r9 */
308 pushq %r10 /* pt_regs->r10 */
309 pushq %r11 /* pt_regs->r11 */
310 pushq %rbx /* pt_regs->bx */
311 pushq %rbp /* pt_regs->bp */
312 pushq %r12 /* pt_regs->r12 */
313 pushq %r13 /* pt_regs->r13 */
314 pushq %r14 /* pt_regs->r14 */
315 pushq %r15 /* pt_regs->r15 */
318 cmpq $14,%rsi /* Page fault? */
320 GET_CR2_INTO(%rdi) /* Can clobber any volatile register if pv */
321 call early_make_pgtable
323 jz 20f /* All good */
326 movq %rsp,%rdi /* RDI = pt_regs; RSI is already trapnr */
327 call early_fixup_exception
330 decl early_recursion_flag(%rip)
331 jmp restore_regs_and_return_to_kernel
332 END(early_idt_handler_common)
337 GLOBAL(early_recursion_flag)
340 #define NEXT_PAGE(name) \
344 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
346 * Each PGD needs to be 8k long and 8k aligned. We do not
347 * ever go out to userspace with these, so we do not
348 * strictly *need* the second page, but this allows us to
349 * have a single set_pgd() implementation that does not
350 * need to worry about whether it has 4k or 8k to work
353 * This ensures PGDs are 8k long:
355 #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 512
356 /* This ensures they are 8k-aligned: */
357 #define NEXT_PGD_PAGE(name) \
358 .balign 2 * PAGE_SIZE; \
361 #define NEXT_PGD_PAGE(name) NEXT_PAGE(name)
362 #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 0
365 /* Automate the creation of 1 to 1 mapping pmd entries */
366 #define PMDS(START, PERM, COUNT) \
369 .quad (START) + (i << PMD_SHIFT) + (PERM) ; \
374 NEXT_PGD_PAGE(early_top_pgt)
376 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL
377 .quad level4_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
379 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
381 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,8,0
383 NEXT_PAGE(early_dynamic_pgts)
384 .fill 512*EARLY_DYNAMIC_PAGE_TABLES,8,0
388 #if defined(CONFIG_XEN_PV) || defined(CONFIG_XEN_PVH)
389 NEXT_PGD_PAGE(init_top_pgt)
390 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC
391 .org init_top_pgt + PGD_PAGE_OFFSET*8, 0
392 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC
393 .org init_top_pgt + PGD_START_KERNEL*8, 0
394 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024))/(2^39) = 511 */
395 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
396 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,8,0
398 NEXT_PAGE(level3_ident_pgt)
399 .quad level2_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC
401 NEXT_PAGE(level2_ident_pgt)
402 /* Since I easily can, map the first 1G.
403 * Don't set NX because code runs from these pages.
405 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_IDENT_LARGE_EXEC, PTRS_PER_PMD)
407 NEXT_PGD_PAGE(init_top_pgt)
409 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,8,0
412 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL
413 NEXT_PAGE(level4_kernel_pgt)
415 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
418 NEXT_PAGE(level3_kernel_pgt)
419 .fill L3_START_KERNEL,8,0
420 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024)-((2^39)*511))/(2^30) = 510 */
421 .quad level2_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC
422 .quad level2_fixmap_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
424 NEXT_PAGE(level2_kernel_pgt)
426 * 512 MB kernel mapping. We spend a full page on this pagetable
429 * The kernel code+data+bss must not be bigger than that.
431 * (NOTE: at +512MB starts the module area, see MODULES_VADDR.
432 * If you want to increase this then increase MODULES_VADDR
435 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC,
436 KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE/PMD_SIZE)
438 NEXT_PAGE(level2_fixmap_pgt)
440 .quad level1_fixmap_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
441 /* 8MB reserved for vsyscalls + a 2MB hole = 4 + 1 entries */
444 NEXT_PAGE(level1_fixmap_pgt)
451 .globl early_gdt_descr
453 .word GDT_ENTRIES*8-1
454 early_gdt_descr_base:
455 .quad INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(gdt_page)
458 /* This must match the first entry in level2_kernel_pgt */
459 .quad 0x0000000000000000
460 EXPORT_SYMBOL(phys_base)
462 #include "../../x86/xen/xen-head.S"
465 NEXT_PAGE(empty_zero_page)
467 EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page)