2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
17 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
18 #include <linux/export.h>
19 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
20 #include <linux/initrd.h>
21 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
22 #include <linux/highmem.h>
23 #include <linux/gfp.h>
24 #include <linux/memblock.h>
25 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
26 #include <linux/sizes.h>
27 #include <linux/stop_machine.h>
30 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
31 #include <asm/memblock.h>
32 #include <asm/memory.h>
34 #include <asm/sections.h>
35 #include <asm/setup.h>
36 #include <asm/system_info.h>
38 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
39 #include <asm/ptdump.h>
41 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
42 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
46 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_CP15_MMU
47 unsigned long __init
__clear_cr(unsigned long mask
)
49 cr_alignment
= cr_alignment
& ~mask
;
54 static phys_addr_t phys_initrd_start __initdata
= 0;
55 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata
= 0;
57 static int __init
early_initrd(char *p
)
63 start
= memparse(p
, &endp
);
65 size
= memparse(endp
+ 1, NULL
);
67 phys_initrd_start
= start
;
68 phys_initrd_size
= size
;
72 early_param("initrd", early_initrd
);
74 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag
*tag
)
76 pr_warn("ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
77 "please update your bootloader.\n");
78 phys_initrd_start
= __virt_to_phys(tag
->u
.initrd
.start
);
79 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
83 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD
, parse_tag_initrd
);
85 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag
*tag
)
87 phys_initrd_start
= tag
->u
.initrd
.start
;
88 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
92 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2
, parse_tag_initrd2
);
94 static void __init
find_limits(unsigned long *min
, unsigned long *max_low
,
95 unsigned long *max_high
)
97 *max_low
= PFN_DOWN(memblock_get_current_limit());
98 *min
= PFN_UP(memblock_start_of_DRAM());
99 *max_high
= PFN_DOWN(memblock_end_of_DRAM());
102 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
104 phys_addr_t arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly
;
105 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size
);
108 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
109 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
110 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
111 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
113 phys_addr_t arm_dma_limit
;
114 unsigned long arm_dma_pfn_limit
;
116 static void __init
arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size
, unsigned long *hole
,
117 unsigned long dma_size
)
119 if (size
[0] <= dma_size
)
122 size
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = size
[0] - dma_size
;
123 size
[ZONE_DMA
] = dma_size
;
124 hole
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = hole
[0];
129 void __init
setup_dma_zone(const struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
131 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
132 if (mdesc
->dma_zone_size
) {
133 arm_dma_zone_size
= mdesc
->dma_zone_size
;
134 arm_dma_limit
= PHYS_OFFSET
+ arm_dma_zone_size
- 1;
136 arm_dma_limit
= 0xffffffff;
137 arm_dma_pfn_limit
= arm_dma_limit
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
141 static void __init
zone_sizes_init(unsigned long min
, unsigned long max_low
,
142 unsigned long max_high
)
144 unsigned long zone_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
], zhole_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
];
145 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
148 * initialise the zones.
150 memset(zone_size
, 0, sizeof(zone_size
));
153 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
154 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
155 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
157 zone_size
[0] = max_low
- min
;
158 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
159 zone_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] = max_high
- max_low
;
163 * Calculate the size of the holes.
164 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
166 memcpy(zhole_size
, zone_size
, sizeof(zhole_size
));
167 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
168 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
169 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
);
171 if (start
< max_low
) {
172 unsigned long low_end
= min(end
, max_low
);
173 zhole_size
[0] -= low_end
- start
;
175 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
177 unsigned long high_start
= max(start
, max_low
);
178 zhole_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] -= end
- high_start
;
183 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
185 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
188 if (arm_dma_zone_size
)
189 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size
, zhole_size
,
190 arm_dma_zone_size
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
193 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size
, min
, zhole_size
);
196 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
197 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn
)
199 return memblock_is_map_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn
));
201 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid
);
204 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
205 static void __init
arm_memory_present(void)
209 static void __init
arm_memory_present(void)
211 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
213 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
)
214 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
),
215 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
));
219 static bool arm_memblock_steal_permitted
= true;
221 phys_addr_t __init
arm_memblock_steal(phys_addr_t size
, phys_addr_t align
)
225 BUG_ON(!arm_memblock_steal_permitted
);
227 phys
= memblock_alloc_base(size
, align
, MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE
);
228 memblock_free(phys
, size
);
229 memblock_remove(phys
, size
);
234 static void __init
arm_initrd_init(void)
236 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
240 /* FDT scan will populate initrd_start */
241 if (initrd_start
&& !phys_initrd_size
) {
242 phys_initrd_start
= __virt_to_phys(initrd_start
);
243 phys_initrd_size
= initrd_end
- initrd_start
;
246 initrd_start
= initrd_end
= 0;
248 if (!phys_initrd_size
)
252 * Round the memory region to page boundaries as per free_initrd_mem()
253 * This allows us to detect whether the pages overlapping the initrd
254 * are in use, but more importantly, reserves the entire set of pages
255 * as we don't want these pages allocated for other purposes.
257 start
= round_down(phys_initrd_start
, PAGE_SIZE
);
258 size
= phys_initrd_size
+ (phys_initrd_start
- start
);
259 size
= round_up(size
, PAGE_SIZE
);
261 if (!memblock_is_region_memory(start
, size
)) {
262 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
267 if (memblock_is_region_reserved(start
, size
)) {
268 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
273 memblock_reserve(start
, size
);
275 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
276 initrd_start
= __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start
);
277 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ phys_initrd_size
;
281 void __init
arm_memblock_init(const struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
283 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
284 memblock_reserve(__pa(KERNEL_START
), KERNEL_END
- KERNEL_START
);
288 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
290 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
294 early_init_fdt_reserve_self();
295 early_init_fdt_scan_reserved_mem();
297 /* reserve memory for DMA contiguous allocations */
298 dma_contiguous_reserve(arm_dma_limit
);
300 arm_memblock_steal_permitted
= false;
304 void __init
bootmem_init(void)
306 unsigned long min
, max_low
, max_high
;
308 memblock_allow_resize();
309 max_low
= max_high
= 0;
311 find_limits(&min
, &max_low
, &max_high
);
313 early_memtest((phys_addr_t
)min
<< PAGE_SHIFT
,
314 (phys_addr_t
)max_low
<< PAGE_SHIFT
);
317 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
318 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
320 arm_memory_present();
323 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
328 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
329 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
330 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
332 zone_sizes_init(min
, max_low
, max_high
);
335 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
336 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
337 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
340 max_low_pfn
= max_low
;
345 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
346 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
348 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s
, size_t count
)
351 for (; count
!= 0; count
-= 4)
356 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn
, unsigned long end_pfn
)
358 struct page
*start_pg
, *end_pg
;
359 phys_addr_t pg
, pgend
;
362 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
364 start_pg
= pfn_to_page(start_pfn
- 1) + 1;
365 end_pg
= pfn_to_page(end_pfn
- 1) + 1;
368 * Convert to physical addresses, and
369 * round start upwards and end downwards.
371 pg
= PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg
));
372 pgend
= __pa(end_pg
) & PAGE_MASK
;
375 * If there are free pages between these,
376 * free the section of the memmap array.
379 memblock_free_early(pg
, pgend
- pg
);
383 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
385 static void __init
free_unused_memmap(void)
387 unsigned long start
, prev_end
= 0;
388 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
391 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
392 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
394 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
395 start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
397 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
399 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
400 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
403 ALIGN(prev_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
406 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
407 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
408 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
410 start
= round_down(start
, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
413 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
414 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
416 if (prev_end
&& prev_end
< start
)
417 free_memmap(prev_end
, start
);
420 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
421 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
422 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
424 prev_end
= ALIGN(memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
),
428 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
429 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
))
430 free_memmap(prev_end
,
431 ALIGN(prev_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
435 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
436 static inline void free_area_high(unsigned long pfn
, unsigned long end
)
438 for (; pfn
< end
; pfn
++)
439 free_highmem_page(pfn_to_page(pfn
));
443 static void __init
free_highpages(void)
445 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
446 unsigned long max_low
= max_low_pfn
;
447 struct memblock_region
*mem
, *res
;
449 /* set highmem page free */
450 for_each_memblock(memory
, mem
) {
451 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem
);
452 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem
);
454 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
458 if (memblock_is_nomap(mem
))
461 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
465 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
466 for_each_memblock(reserved
, res
) {
467 unsigned long res_start
, res_end
;
469 res_start
= memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res
);
470 res_end
= memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res
);
474 if (res_start
< start
)
480 if (res_start
!= start
)
481 free_area_high(start
, res_start
);
487 /* And now free anything which remains */
489 free_area_high(start
, end
);
495 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
496 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
497 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
499 void __init
mem_init(void)
501 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
502 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
507 set_max_mapnr(pfn_to_page(max_pfn
) - mem_map
);
509 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
510 free_unused_memmap();
514 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
515 free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_OFFSET
), swapper_pg_dir
, -1, NULL
);
520 mem_init_print_info(NULL
);
522 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
523 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
524 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
526 pr_notice("Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
527 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
528 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
529 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
530 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
532 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
533 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
534 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
535 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
536 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
538 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
539 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
541 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n"
542 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n"
543 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n"
544 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n",
546 MLK(VECTORS_BASE
, VECTORS_BASE
+ PAGE_SIZE
),
547 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
548 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) dtcm_end
),
549 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) itcm_end
),
551 MLK(FIXADDR_START
, FIXADDR_END
),
552 MLM(VMALLOC_START
, VMALLOC_END
),
553 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET
, (unsigned long)high_memory
),
554 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
555 MLM(PKMAP_BASE
, (PKMAP_BASE
) + (LAST_PKMAP
) *
558 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
559 MLM(MODULES_VADDR
, MODULES_END
),
562 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text
, _etext
),
563 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin
, __init_end
),
564 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata
, _edata
),
565 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start
, __bss_stop
));
572 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
573 * be detected at build time already.
576 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
577 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
580 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
581 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
582 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
586 #ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
587 struct section_perm
{
596 /* First section-aligned location at or after __start_rodata. */
597 extern char __start_rodata_section_aligned
[];
599 static struct section_perm nx_perms
[] = {
600 /* Make pages tables, etc before _stext RW (set NX). */
602 .name
= "pre-text NX",
603 .start
= PAGE_OFFSET
,
604 .end
= (unsigned long)_stext
,
605 .mask
= ~PMD_SECT_XN
,
608 /* Make init RW (set NX). */
611 .start
= (unsigned long)__init_begin
,
612 .end
= (unsigned long)_sdata
,
613 .mask
= ~PMD_SECT_XN
,
616 /* Make rodata NX (set RO in ro_perms below). */
619 .start
= (unsigned long)__start_rodata_section_aligned
,
620 .end
= (unsigned long)__init_begin
,
621 .mask
= ~PMD_SECT_XN
,
626 static struct section_perm ro_perms
[] = {
627 /* Make kernel code and rodata RX (set RO). */
629 .name
= "text/rodata RO",
630 .start
= (unsigned long)_stext
,
631 .end
= (unsigned long)__init_begin
,
632 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
633 .mask
= ~(L_PMD_SECT_RDONLY
| PMD_SECT_AP2
),
634 .prot
= L_PMD_SECT_RDONLY
| PMD_SECT_AP2
,
636 .mask
= ~(PMD_SECT_APX
| PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
),
637 .prot
= PMD_SECT_APX
| PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
,
638 .clear
= PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
,
644 * Updates section permissions only for the current mm (sections are
645 * copied into each mm). During startup, this is the init_mm. Is only
646 * safe to be called with preemption disabled, as under stop_machine().
648 static inline void section_update(unsigned long addr
, pmdval_t mask
,
649 pmdval_t prot
, struct mm_struct
*mm
)
653 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud_offset(pgd_offset(mm
, addr
), addr
), addr
);
655 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
656 pmd
[0] = __pmd((pmd_val(pmd
[0]) & mask
) | prot
);
658 if (addr
& SECTION_SIZE
)
659 pmd
[1] = __pmd((pmd_val(pmd
[1]) & mask
) | prot
);
661 pmd
[0] = __pmd((pmd_val(pmd
[0]) & mask
) | prot
);
663 flush_pmd_entry(pmd
);
664 local_flush_tlb_kernel_range(addr
, addr
+ SECTION_SIZE
);
667 /* Make sure extended page tables are in use. */
668 static inline bool arch_has_strict_perms(void)
670 if (cpu_architecture() < CPU_ARCH_ARMv6
)
673 return !!(get_cr() & CR_XP
);
676 void set_section_perms(struct section_perm
*perms
, int n
, bool set
,
677 struct mm_struct
*mm
)
682 if (!arch_has_strict_perms())
685 for (i
= 0; i
< n
; i
++) {
686 if (!IS_ALIGNED(perms
[i
].start
, SECTION_SIZE
) ||
687 !IS_ALIGNED(perms
[i
].end
, SECTION_SIZE
)) {
688 pr_err("BUG: %s section %lx-%lx not aligned to %lx\n",
689 perms
[i
].name
, perms
[i
].start
, perms
[i
].end
,
694 for (addr
= perms
[i
].start
;
696 addr
+= SECTION_SIZE
)
697 section_update(addr
, perms
[i
].mask
,
698 set
? perms
[i
].prot
: perms
[i
].clear
, mm
);
704 * update_sections_early intended to be called only through stop_machine
705 * framework and executed by only one CPU while all other CPUs will spin and
706 * wait, so no locking is required in this function.
708 static void update_sections_early(struct section_perm perms
[], int n
)
710 struct task_struct
*t
, *s
;
712 for_each_process(t
) {
713 if (t
->flags
& PF_KTHREAD
)
715 for_each_thread(t
, s
)
716 set_section_perms(perms
, n
, true, s
->mm
);
718 set_section_perms(perms
, n
, true, current
->active_mm
);
719 set_section_perms(perms
, n
, true, &init_mm
);
722 static int __fix_kernmem_perms(void *unused
)
724 update_sections_early(nx_perms
, ARRAY_SIZE(nx_perms
));
728 static void fix_kernmem_perms(void)
730 stop_machine(__fix_kernmem_perms
, NULL
, NULL
);
733 static int __mark_rodata_ro(void *unused
)
735 update_sections_early(ro_perms
, ARRAY_SIZE(ro_perms
));
739 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
741 stop_machine(__mark_rodata_ro
, NULL
, NULL
);
745 void set_kernel_text_rw(void)
747 set_section_perms(ro_perms
, ARRAY_SIZE(ro_perms
), false,
751 void set_kernel_text_ro(void)
753 set_section_perms(ro_perms
, ARRAY_SIZE(ro_perms
), true,
758 static inline void fix_kernmem_perms(void) { }
759 #endif /* CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX */
761 void free_tcmmem(void)
763 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
764 extern char __tcm_start
, __tcm_end
;
766 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start
, &__tcm_end
- &__tcm_start
);
767 free_reserved_area(&__tcm_start
, &__tcm_end
, -1, "TCM link");
771 void free_initmem(void)
776 poison_init_mem(__init_begin
, __init_end
- __init_begin
);
777 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
778 free_initmem_default(-1);
781 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
783 static int keep_initrd
;
785 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
788 if (start
== initrd_start
)
789 start
= round_down(start
, PAGE_SIZE
);
790 if (end
== initrd_end
)
791 end
= round_up(end
, PAGE_SIZE
);
793 poison_init_mem((void *)start
, PAGE_ALIGN(end
) - start
);
794 free_reserved_area((void *)start
, (void *)end
, -1, "initrd");
798 static int __init
keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused
)
804 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup
);