1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 * The USB Monitor, inspired by Dave Harding's USBMon.
5 * This is a text format reader.
8 #include <linux/kernel.h>
9 #include <linux/list.h>
10 #include <linux/usb.h>
11 #include <linux/slab.h>
12 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
13 #include <linux/time.h>
14 #include <linux/ktime.h>
15 #include <linux/export.h>
16 #include <linux/mutex.h>
17 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
18 #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
19 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
24 * No, we do not want arbitrarily long data strings.
25 * Use the binary interface if you want to capture bulk data!
30 * Defined by USB 2.0 clause 9.3, table 9.2.
35 * This limit exists to prevent OOMs when the user process stops reading.
36 * If usbmon were available to unprivileged processes, it might be open
37 * to a local DoS. But we have to keep to root in order to prevent
38 * password sniffing from HID devices.
40 #define EVENT_MAX (4*PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(struct mon_event_text))
43 * Potentially unlimited number; we limit it for similar allocations.
44 * The usbfs limits this to 128, but we're not quite as generous.
48 #define PRINTF_DFL 250 /* with 5 ISOs segs */
53 unsigned int length
; /* Unsigned here, signed in URB. Historic. */
56 struct mon_event_text
{
57 struct list_head e_link
;
58 int type
; /* submit, complete, etc. */
59 unsigned long id
; /* From pointer, most of the time */
66 int length
; /* Depends on type: xfer length or act length */
73 int numdesc
; /* Full number */
74 struct mon_iso_desc isodesc
[ISODESC_MAX
];
75 unsigned char setup
[SETUP_MAX
];
76 unsigned char data
[DATA_MAX
];
79 #define SLAB_NAME_SZ 30
80 struct mon_reader_text
{
81 struct kmem_cache
*e_slab
;
83 struct list_head e_list
;
84 struct mon_reader r
; /* In C, parent class can be placed anywhere */
86 wait_queue_head_t wait
;
89 struct mutex printf_lock
;
91 char slab_name
[SLAB_NAME_SZ
];
94 static struct dentry
*mon_dir
; /* Usually /sys/kernel/debug/usbmon */
96 static void mon_text_ctor(void *);
103 static struct mon_event_text
*
104 mon_text_read_wait(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
, struct file
*file
);
105 static void mon_text_read_head_t(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
106 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
);
107 static void mon_text_read_head_u(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
108 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
);
109 static void mon_text_read_statset(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
110 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
);
111 static void mon_text_read_intstat(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
112 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
);
113 static void mon_text_read_isostat(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
114 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
);
115 static void mon_text_read_isodesc(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
116 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
);
117 static void mon_text_read_data(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
118 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
);
124 * May be called from an interrupt.
126 * This is called with the whole mon_bus locked, so no additional lock.
129 static inline char mon_text_get_setup(struct mon_event_text
*ep
,
130 struct urb
*urb
, char ev_type
, struct mon_bus
*mbus
)
133 if (ep
->xfertype
!= USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_CONTROL
|| ev_type
!= 'S')
136 if (urb
->setup_packet
== NULL
)
137 return 'Z'; /* '0' would be not as pretty. */
139 memcpy(ep
->setup
, urb
->setup_packet
, SETUP_MAX
);
143 static inline char mon_text_get_data(struct mon_event_text
*ep
, struct urb
*urb
,
144 int len
, char ev_type
, struct mon_bus
*mbus
)
161 if (urb
->num_sgs
== 0) {
162 src
= urb
->transfer_buffer
;
164 return 'Z'; /* '0' would be not as pretty. */
166 struct scatterlist
*sg
= urb
->sg
;
168 if (PageHighMem(sg_page(sg
)))
171 /* For the text interface we copy only the first sg buffer */
172 len
= min_t(int, sg
->length
, len
);
176 memcpy(ep
->data
, src
, len
);
180 static inline unsigned int mon_get_timestamp(void)
182 struct timespec64 now
;
185 ktime_get_ts64(&now
);
186 stamp
= now
.tv_sec
& 0xFFF; /* 2^32 = 4294967296. Limit to 4096s. */
187 stamp
= stamp
* USEC_PER_SEC
+ now
.tv_nsec
/ NSEC_PER_USEC
;
191 static void mon_text_event(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
, struct urb
*urb
,
192 char ev_type
, int status
)
194 struct mon_event_text
*ep
;
196 struct usb_iso_packet_descriptor
*fp
;
197 struct mon_iso_desc
*dp
;
200 stamp
= mon_get_timestamp();
202 if (rp
->nevents
>= EVENT_MAX
||
203 (ep
= kmem_cache_alloc(rp
->e_slab
, GFP_ATOMIC
)) == NULL
) {
204 rp
->r
.m_bus
->cnt_text_lost
++;
209 ep
->id
= (unsigned long) urb
;
210 ep
->busnum
= urb
->dev
->bus
->busnum
;
211 ep
->devnum
= urb
->dev
->devnum
;
212 ep
->epnum
= usb_endpoint_num(&urb
->ep
->desc
);
213 ep
->xfertype
= usb_endpoint_type(&urb
->ep
->desc
);
214 ep
->is_in
= usb_urb_dir_in(urb
);
216 ep
->length
= (ev_type
== 'S') ?
217 urb
->transfer_buffer_length
: urb
->actual_length
;
218 /* Collecting status makes debugging sense for submits, too */
221 if (ep
->xfertype
== USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_INT
) {
222 ep
->interval
= urb
->interval
;
223 } else if (ep
->xfertype
== USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_ISOC
) {
224 ep
->interval
= urb
->interval
;
225 ep
->start_frame
= urb
->start_frame
;
226 ep
->error_count
= urb
->error_count
;
228 ep
->numdesc
= urb
->number_of_packets
;
229 if (ep
->xfertype
== USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_ISOC
&&
230 urb
->number_of_packets
> 0) {
231 if ((ndesc
= urb
->number_of_packets
) > ISODESC_MAX
)
233 fp
= urb
->iso_frame_desc
;
235 for (i
= 0; i
< ndesc
; i
++) {
236 dp
->status
= fp
->status
;
237 dp
->offset
= fp
->offset
;
238 dp
->length
= (ev_type
== 'S') ?
239 fp
->length
: fp
->actual_length
;
243 /* Wasteful, but simple to understand: ISO 'C' is sparse. */
245 ep
->length
= urb
->transfer_buffer_length
;
248 ep
->setup_flag
= mon_text_get_setup(ep
, urb
, ev_type
, rp
->r
.m_bus
);
249 ep
->data_flag
= mon_text_get_data(ep
, urb
, ep
->length
, ev_type
,
253 list_add_tail(&ep
->e_link
, &rp
->e_list
);
257 static void mon_text_submit(void *data
, struct urb
*urb
)
259 struct mon_reader_text
*rp
= data
;
260 mon_text_event(rp
, urb
, 'S', -EINPROGRESS
);
263 static void mon_text_complete(void *data
, struct urb
*urb
, int status
)
265 struct mon_reader_text
*rp
= data
;
266 mon_text_event(rp
, urb
, 'C', status
);
269 static void mon_text_error(void *data
, struct urb
*urb
, int error
)
271 struct mon_reader_text
*rp
= data
;
272 struct mon_event_text
*ep
;
274 if (rp
->nevents
>= EVENT_MAX
||
275 (ep
= kmem_cache_alloc(rp
->e_slab
, GFP_ATOMIC
)) == NULL
) {
276 rp
->r
.m_bus
->cnt_text_lost
++;
281 ep
->id
= (unsigned long) urb
;
282 ep
->busnum
= urb
->dev
->bus
->busnum
;
283 ep
->devnum
= urb
->dev
->devnum
;
284 ep
->epnum
= usb_endpoint_num(&urb
->ep
->desc
);
285 ep
->xfertype
= usb_endpoint_type(&urb
->ep
->desc
);
286 ep
->is_in
= usb_urb_dir_in(urb
);
287 ep
->tstamp
= mon_get_timestamp();
291 ep
->setup_flag
= '-';
295 list_add_tail(&ep
->e_link
, &rp
->e_list
);
300 * Fetch next event from the circular buffer.
302 static struct mon_event_text
*mon_text_fetch(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
303 struct mon_bus
*mbus
)
308 spin_lock_irqsave(&mbus
->lock
, flags
);
309 if (list_empty(&rp
->e_list
)) {
310 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mbus
->lock
, flags
);
316 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mbus
->lock
, flags
);
317 return list_entry(p
, struct mon_event_text
, e_link
);
322 static int mon_text_open(struct inode
*inode
, struct file
*file
)
324 struct mon_bus
*mbus
;
325 struct mon_reader_text
*rp
;
328 mutex_lock(&mon_lock
);
329 mbus
= inode
->i_private
;
331 rp
= kzalloc(sizeof(struct mon_reader_text
), GFP_KERNEL
);
336 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rp
->e_list
);
337 init_waitqueue_head(&rp
->wait
);
338 mutex_init(&rp
->printf_lock
);
340 rp
->printf_size
= PRINTF_DFL
;
341 rp
->printf_buf
= kmalloc(rp
->printf_size
, GFP_KERNEL
);
342 if (rp
->printf_buf
== NULL
) {
349 rp
->r
.rnf_submit
= mon_text_submit
;
350 rp
->r
.rnf_error
= mon_text_error
;
351 rp
->r
.rnf_complete
= mon_text_complete
;
353 snprintf(rp
->slab_name
, SLAB_NAME_SZ
, "mon_text_%p", rp
);
354 rp
->e_slab
= kmem_cache_create(rp
->slab_name
,
355 sizeof(struct mon_event_text
), sizeof(long), 0,
357 if (rp
->e_slab
== NULL
) {
362 mon_reader_add(mbus
, &rp
->r
);
364 file
->private_data
= rp
;
365 mutex_unlock(&mon_lock
);
369 // kmem_cache_destroy(rp->e_slab);
371 kfree(rp
->printf_buf
);
375 mutex_unlock(&mon_lock
);
380 * For simplicity, we read one record in one system call and throw out
381 * what does not fit. This means that the following does not work:
382 * dd if=/dbg/usbmon/0t bs=10
383 * Also, we do not allow seeks and do not bother advancing the offset.
385 static ssize_t
mon_text_read_t(struct file
*file
, char __user
*buf
,
386 size_t nbytes
, loff_t
*ppos
)
388 struct mon_reader_text
*rp
= file
->private_data
;
389 struct mon_event_text
*ep
;
390 struct mon_text_ptr ptr
;
392 ep
= mon_text_read_wait(rp
, file
);
395 mutex_lock(&rp
->printf_lock
);
397 ptr
.pbuf
= rp
->printf_buf
;
398 ptr
.limit
= rp
->printf_size
;
400 mon_text_read_head_t(rp
, &ptr
, ep
);
401 mon_text_read_statset(rp
, &ptr
, ep
);
402 ptr
.cnt
+= snprintf(ptr
.pbuf
+ ptr
.cnt
, ptr
.limit
- ptr
.cnt
,
404 mon_text_read_data(rp
, &ptr
, ep
);
406 if (copy_to_user(buf
, rp
->printf_buf
, ptr
.cnt
))
408 mutex_unlock(&rp
->printf_lock
);
409 kmem_cache_free(rp
->e_slab
, ep
);
413 static ssize_t
mon_text_read_u(struct file
*file
, char __user
*buf
,
414 size_t nbytes
, loff_t
*ppos
)
416 struct mon_reader_text
*rp
= file
->private_data
;
417 struct mon_event_text
*ep
;
418 struct mon_text_ptr ptr
;
420 ep
= mon_text_read_wait(rp
, file
);
423 mutex_lock(&rp
->printf_lock
);
425 ptr
.pbuf
= rp
->printf_buf
;
426 ptr
.limit
= rp
->printf_size
;
428 mon_text_read_head_u(rp
, &ptr
, ep
);
429 if (ep
->type
== 'E') {
430 mon_text_read_statset(rp
, &ptr
, ep
);
431 } else if (ep
->xfertype
== USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_ISOC
) {
432 mon_text_read_isostat(rp
, &ptr
, ep
);
433 mon_text_read_isodesc(rp
, &ptr
, ep
);
434 } else if (ep
->xfertype
== USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_INT
) {
435 mon_text_read_intstat(rp
, &ptr
, ep
);
437 mon_text_read_statset(rp
, &ptr
, ep
);
439 ptr
.cnt
+= snprintf(ptr
.pbuf
+ ptr
.cnt
, ptr
.limit
- ptr
.cnt
,
441 mon_text_read_data(rp
, &ptr
, ep
);
443 if (copy_to_user(buf
, rp
->printf_buf
, ptr
.cnt
))
445 mutex_unlock(&rp
->printf_lock
);
446 kmem_cache_free(rp
->e_slab
, ep
);
450 static struct mon_event_text
*mon_text_read_wait(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
453 struct mon_bus
*mbus
= rp
->r
.m_bus
;
454 DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(waita
, current
);
455 struct mon_event_text
*ep
;
457 add_wait_queue(&rp
->wait
, &waita
);
458 set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE
);
459 while ((ep
= mon_text_fetch(rp
, mbus
)) == NULL
) {
460 if (file
->f_flags
& O_NONBLOCK
) {
461 set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING
);
462 remove_wait_queue(&rp
->wait
, &waita
);
463 return ERR_PTR(-EWOULDBLOCK
);
466 * We do not count nwaiters, because ->release is supposed
467 * to be called when all openers are gone only.
470 if (signal_pending(current
)) {
471 remove_wait_queue(&rp
->wait
, &waita
);
472 return ERR_PTR(-EINTR
);
474 set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE
);
476 set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING
);
477 remove_wait_queue(&rp
->wait
, &waita
);
481 static void mon_text_read_head_t(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
482 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
)
486 udir
= (ep
->is_in
? 'i' : 'o');
487 switch (ep
->xfertype
) {
488 case USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_ISOC
: utype
= 'Z'; break;
489 case USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_INT
: utype
= 'I'; break;
490 case USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_CONTROL
: utype
= 'C'; break;
491 default: /* PIPE_BULK */ utype
= 'B';
493 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
,
494 "%lx %u %c %c%c:%03u:%02u",
495 ep
->id
, ep
->tstamp
, ep
->type
,
496 utype
, udir
, ep
->devnum
, ep
->epnum
);
499 static void mon_text_read_head_u(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
500 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
)
504 udir
= (ep
->is_in
? 'i' : 'o');
505 switch (ep
->xfertype
) {
506 case USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_ISOC
: utype
= 'Z'; break;
507 case USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_INT
: utype
= 'I'; break;
508 case USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_CONTROL
: utype
= 'C'; break;
509 default: /* PIPE_BULK */ utype
= 'B';
511 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
,
512 "%lx %u %c %c%c:%d:%03u:%u",
513 ep
->id
, ep
->tstamp
, ep
->type
,
514 utype
, udir
, ep
->busnum
, ep
->devnum
, ep
->epnum
);
517 static void mon_text_read_statset(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
518 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
)
521 if (ep
->setup_flag
== 0) { /* Setup packet is present and captured */
522 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
,
523 " s %02x %02x %04x %04x %04x",
526 (ep
->setup
[3] << 8) | ep
->setup
[2],
527 (ep
->setup
[5] << 8) | ep
->setup
[4],
528 (ep
->setup
[7] << 8) | ep
->setup
[6]);
529 } else if (ep
->setup_flag
!= '-') { /* Unable to capture setup packet */
530 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
,
531 " %c __ __ ____ ____ ____", ep
->setup_flag
);
532 } else { /* No setup for this kind of URB */
533 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
,
538 static void mon_text_read_intstat(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
539 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
)
541 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
,
542 " %d:%d", ep
->status
, ep
->interval
);
545 static void mon_text_read_isostat(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
546 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
)
548 if (ep
->type
== 'S') {
549 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
,
550 " %d:%d:%d", ep
->status
, ep
->interval
, ep
->start_frame
);
552 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
,
554 ep
->status
, ep
->interval
, ep
->start_frame
, ep
->error_count
);
558 static void mon_text_read_isodesc(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
559 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
)
561 int ndesc
; /* Display this many */
563 const struct mon_iso_desc
*dp
;
565 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
,
568 if (ndesc
> ISODESC_MAX
)
573 for (i
= 0; i
< ndesc
; i
++) {
574 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
,
575 " %d:%u:%u", dp
->status
, dp
->offset
, dp
->length
);
580 static void mon_text_read_data(struct mon_reader_text
*rp
,
581 struct mon_text_ptr
*p
, const struct mon_event_text
*ep
)
585 if ((data_len
= ep
->length
) > 0) {
586 if (ep
->data_flag
== 0) {
587 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
,
589 if (data_len
>= DATA_MAX
)
591 for (i
= 0; i
< data_len
; i
++) {
593 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
,
597 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
,
599 "%02x", ep
->data
[i
]);
601 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
,
604 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
,
605 " %c\n", ep
->data_flag
);
608 p
->cnt
+= snprintf(p
->pbuf
+ p
->cnt
, p
->limit
- p
->cnt
, "\n");
612 static int mon_text_release(struct inode
*inode
, struct file
*file
)
614 struct mon_reader_text
*rp
= file
->private_data
;
615 struct mon_bus
*mbus
;
616 /* unsigned long flags; */
618 struct mon_event_text
*ep
;
620 mutex_lock(&mon_lock
);
621 mbus
= inode
->i_private
;
623 if (mbus
->nreaders
<= 0) {
624 printk(KERN_ERR TAG
": consistency error on close\n");
625 mutex_unlock(&mon_lock
);
628 mon_reader_del(mbus
, &rp
->r
);
631 * In theory, e_list is protected by mbus->lock. However,
632 * after mon_reader_del has finished, the following is the case:
633 * - we are not on reader list anymore, so new events won't be added;
634 * - whole mbus may be dropped if it was orphaned.
635 * So, we better not touch mbus.
637 /* spin_lock_irqsave(&mbus->lock, flags); */
638 while (!list_empty(&rp
->e_list
)) {
640 ep
= list_entry(p
, struct mon_event_text
, e_link
);
643 kmem_cache_free(rp
->e_slab
, ep
);
645 /* spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mbus->lock, flags); */
647 kmem_cache_destroy(rp
->e_slab
);
648 kfree(rp
->printf_buf
);
651 mutex_unlock(&mon_lock
);
655 static const struct file_operations mon_fops_text_t
= {
656 .owner
= THIS_MODULE
,
657 .open
= mon_text_open
,
659 .read
= mon_text_read_t
,
660 .release
= mon_text_release
,
663 static const struct file_operations mon_fops_text_u
= {
664 .owner
= THIS_MODULE
,
665 .open
= mon_text_open
,
667 .read
= mon_text_read_u
,
668 .release
= mon_text_release
,
671 int mon_text_add(struct mon_bus
*mbus
, const struct usb_bus
*ubus
)
674 enum { NAMESZ
= 10 };
676 int busnum
= ubus
? ubus
->busnum
: 0;
683 rc
= snprintf(name
, NAMESZ
, "%dt", busnum
);
684 if (rc
<= 0 || rc
>= NAMESZ
)
686 d
= debugfs_create_file(name
, 0600, mon_dir
, mbus
,
693 rc
= snprintf(name
, NAMESZ
, "%du", busnum
);
694 if (rc
<= 0 || rc
>= NAMESZ
)
696 d
= debugfs_create_file(name
, 0600, mon_dir
, mbus
, &mon_fops_text_u
);
701 rc
= snprintf(name
, NAMESZ
, "%ds", busnum
);
702 if (rc
<= 0 || rc
>= NAMESZ
)
704 d
= debugfs_create_file(name
, 0600, mon_dir
, mbus
, &mon_fops_stat
);
713 debugfs_remove(mbus
->dent_u
);
718 debugfs_remove(mbus
->dent_t
);
726 void mon_text_del(struct mon_bus
*mbus
)
728 debugfs_remove(mbus
->dent_u
);
729 if (mbus
->dent_t
!= NULL
)
730 debugfs_remove(mbus
->dent_t
);
731 debugfs_remove(mbus
->dent_s
);
735 * Slab interface: constructor.
737 static void mon_text_ctor(void *mem
)
740 * Nothing to initialize. No, really!
741 * So, we fill it with garbage to emulate a reused object.
743 memset(mem
, 0xe5, sizeof(struct mon_event_text
));
746 int __init
mon_text_init(void)
748 struct dentry
*mondir
;
750 mondir
= debugfs_create_dir("usbmon", usb_debug_root
);
751 if (IS_ERR(mondir
)) {
752 /* debugfs not available, but we can use usbmon without it */
755 if (mondir
== NULL
) {
756 printk(KERN_NOTICE TAG
": unable to create usbmon directory\n");
763 void mon_text_exit(void)
765 debugfs_remove(mon_dir
);