1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
7 Batman advanced is a new approach to wireless networking which does no longer
8 operate on the IP basis. Unlike the batman daemon, which exchanges information
9 using UDP packets and sets routing tables, batman-advanced operates on ISO/OSI
10 Layer 2 only and uses and routes (or better: bridges) Ethernet Frames. It
11 emulates a virtual network switch of all nodes participating. Therefore all
12 nodes appear to be link local, thus all higher operating protocols won't be
13 affected by any changes within the network. You can run almost any protocol
14 above batman advanced, prominent examples are: IPv4, IPv6, DHCP, IPX.
16 Batman advanced was implemented as a Linux kernel driver to reduce the overhead
17 to a minimum. It does not depend on any (other) network driver, and can be used
18 on wifi as well as ethernet lan, vpn, etc ... (anything with ethernet-style
25 Load the batman-adv module into your kernel::
27 $ insmod batman-adv.ko
29 The module is now waiting for activation. You must add some interfaces on which
30 batman can operate. After loading the module batman advanced will scan your
31 systems interfaces to search for compatible interfaces. Once found, it will
32 create subfolders in the ``/sys`` directories of each supported interface,
35 $ ls /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/
36 elp_interval iface_status mesh_iface throughput_override
38 If an interface does not have the ``batman_adv`` subfolder, it probably is not
39 supported. Not supported interfaces are: loopback, non-ethernet and batman's
42 Note: After the module was loaded it will continuously watch for new
43 interfaces to verify the compatibility. There is no need to reload the module
44 if you plug your USB wifi adapter into your machine after batman advanced was
47 The batman-adv soft-interface can be created using the iproute2 tool ``ip``::
49 $ ip link add name bat0 type batadv
51 To activate a given interface simply attach it to the ``bat0`` interface::
53 $ ip link set dev eth0 master bat0
55 Repeat this step for all interfaces you wish to add. Now batman starts
56 using/broadcasting on this/these interface(s).
58 By reading the "iface_status" file you can check its status::
60 $ cat /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/iface_status
63 To deactivate an interface you have to detach it from the "bat0" interface::
65 $ ip link set dev eth0 nomaster
68 All mesh wide settings can be found in batman's own interface folder::
70 $ ls /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/
71 aggregated_ogms fragmentation isolation_mark routing_algo
72 ap_isolation gw_bandwidth log_level vlan0
73 bonding gw_mode multicast_mode
74 bridge_loop_avoidance gw_sel_class network_coding
75 distributed_arp_table hop_penalty orig_interval
77 There is a special folder for debugging information::
79 $ ls /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/
80 bla_backbone_table log neighbors transtable_local
81 bla_claim_table mcast_flags originators
83 gateways nc_nodes transtable_global
85 Some of the files contain all sort of status information regarding the mesh
86 network. For example, you can view the table of originators (mesh
89 $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/originators
91 Other files allow to change batman's behaviour to better fit your requirements.
92 For instance, you can check the current originator interval (value in
93 milliseconds which determines how often batman sends its broadcast packets)::
95 $ cat /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/orig_interval
98 and also change its value::
100 $ echo 3000 > /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/orig_interval
102 In very mobile scenarios, you might want to adjust the originator interval to a
103 lower value. This will make the mesh more responsive to topology changes, but
104 will also increase the overhead.
110 To make use of your newly created mesh, batman advanced provides a new
111 interface "bat0" which you should use from this point on. All interfaces added
112 to batman advanced are not relevant any longer because batman handles them for
113 you. Basically, one "hands over" the data by using the batman interface and
114 batman will make sure it reaches its destination.
116 The "bat0" interface can be used like any other regular interface. It needs an
117 IP address which can be either statically configured or dynamically (by using
118 DHCP or similar services)::
120 NodeA: ip link set up dev bat0
121 NodeA: ip addr add 192.168.0.1/24 dev bat0
123 NodeB: ip link set up dev bat0
124 NodeB: ip addr add 192.168.0.2/24 dev bat0
125 NodeB: ping 192.168.0.1
127 Note: In order to avoid problems remove all IP addresses previously assigned to
128 interfaces now used by batman advanced, e.g.::
130 $ ip addr flush dev eth0
136 All error messages, warnings and information messages are sent to the kernel
137 log. Depending on your operating system distribution this can be read in one of
138 a number of ways. Try using the commands: ``dmesg``, ``logread``, or looking in
139 the files ``/var/log/kern.log`` or ``/var/log/syslog``. All batman-adv messages
140 are prefixed with "batman-adv:" So to see just these messages try::
142 $ dmesg | grep batman-adv
144 When investigating problems with your mesh network, it is sometimes necessary to
145 see more detail debug messages. This must be enabled when compiling the
146 batman-adv module. When building batman-adv as part of kernel, use "make
147 menuconfig" and enable the option ``B.A.T.M.A.N. debugging``
148 (``CONFIG_BATMAN_ADV_DEBUG=y``).
150 Those additional debug messages can be accessed using a special file in
153 $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/log
155 The additional debug output is by default disabled. It can be enabled during
156 run time. Following log_levels are defined:
161 - All debug output disabled
163 - Enable messages related to routing / flooding / broadcasting
165 - Enable messages related to route added / changed / deleted
167 - Enable messages related to translation table operations
169 - Enable messages related to bridge loop avoidance
171 - Enable messages related to DAT, ARP snooping and parsing
173 - Enable messages related to network coding
175 - Enable messages related to multicast
177 - Enable messages related to throughput meter
179 - Enable all messages
181 The debug output can be changed at runtime using the file
182 ``/sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/log_level``. e.g.::
184 $ echo 6 > /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/log_level
186 will enable debug messages for when routes change.
188 Counters for different types of packets entering and leaving the batman-adv
189 module are available through ethtool::
191 $ ethtool --statistics bat0
197 As batman advanced operates on layer 2, all hosts participating in the virtual
198 switch are completely transparent for all protocols above layer 2. Therefore
199 the common diagnosis tools do not work as expected. To overcome these problems,
200 batctl was created. At the moment the batctl contains ping, traceroute, tcpdump
201 and interfaces to the kernel module settings.
203 For more information, please see the manpage (``man batctl``).
205 batctl is available on https://www.open-mesh.org/
211 Please send us comments, experiences, questions, anything :)
214 #batman on irc.freenode.org
216 b.a.t.m.a.n@open-mesh.org (optional subscription at
217 https://lists.open-mesh.org/mm/listinfo/b.a.t.m.a.n)
219 You can also contact the Authors:
221 * Marek Lindner <mareklindner@neomailbox.ch>
222 * Simon Wunderlich <sw@simonwunderlich.de>