1 July 2000 Kernel Parameters v2.4.0
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order (defined
6 as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a case
7 insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description state the
10 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
11 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
13 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
14 APIC APIC support is enabled.
15 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
16 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
17 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
18 DEVFS devfs support is enabled.
19 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
20 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
21 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
22 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
23 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
24 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
25 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
26 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
27 LP Printer support is enabled.
28 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
29 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
30 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
31 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
32 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
33 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
34 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
35 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
36 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
37 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
38 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
39 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
40 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
41 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
42 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
43 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
44 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
45 SOUND Appropriate sound system support is enabled.
46 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
47 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
48 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
49 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
51 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
53 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
54 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
55 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
57 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
58 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
60 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
61 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
62 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
63 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
64 running once the system is up.
66 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers.
68 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
74 adb_buttons= [HW,MOUSE]
90 amijoy= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
92 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management.
100 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse.
102 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI.
106 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztec CD driver.
108 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
110 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem.
112 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem in Full
115 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem in Half
118 bmouse= [HW,MOUSE,PS2] Bus mouse.
120 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards), most
121 bttv.radio= important insmod options are available as kernel args too.
122 bttv.pll= see Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
123 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
141 console= [KNL] output console + comm spec (speed, control,
152 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
162 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
168 digi= [HW,SERIAL] io parameters + enable/disable command.
170 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
172 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
175 dmasound= [HW,SOUND] (sound subsystem buffers).
191 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters (iomem, irq,
200 ftape= [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
218 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
219 (Cyl/heads/sectors) or tune parameters.
227 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter.
231 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem : config (iomem/irq), tuning or
232 debugging (serialize,reset,no{dma,tune,probe}) or
233 chipset specific parameters.
235 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem : VLB/PCI bus speed.
243 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk.
251 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
255 keep_initrd [HW, ARM]
257 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy.
259 logi_busmouse= [HW, MOUSE]
261 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
262 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
263 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
264 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
265 specified in addition to the ports) causes
266 attached printers to be reset. Using
267 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
268 to associate lp devices with, starting with
269 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
270 that lp device, or a parport name such as
271 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
272 port specification list means that device IDs
273 from each port should be examined, to see if
274 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
275 so, the driver will manage that printer.
287 max_loop=[0-255] [LOOP] Set the maximum number of loopback devices
290 maxcpus= [SMP] States the maximum number of processors that
291 an SMP kernel should make use of.
293 max_scsi_luns= [SCSI]
295 mca-pentium [BUGS=ix86]
301 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level.
309 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] force use of a specific amount of
310 memory; to be used when the kernel is not able
311 to see the whole system memory or for test.
319 msmouse= [HW,MOUSE] Microsoft Mouse.
325 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
327 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
335 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
337 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=ix86] debugging features for SMP kernels.
339 no387 [BUGS=ix86] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
340 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
345 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel not to make use of any
346 APIC that may be present on the system.
348 noasync [HW, M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
353 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI, M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
359 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
366 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
368 nosync [HW, M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
370 notsc [BUGS=ix86] Disable Time Stamp Counter
382 panic= [KNL] kernel behaviour on panic.
384 parport=0 [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
385 parport=auto Use 'auto' to force the driver to use
386 parport=0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] any IRQ/DMA settings detected (the
387 default is to ignore detected IRQ/DMA
388 settings because of possible
389 conflicts). You can specify the base
390 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and
391 DMA should be numbers, or 'auto' (for
392 using detected settings on that
393 particular port), or 'nofifo' (to avoid
394 using a FIFO even if it is detected).
395 Parallel ports are assigned in the
396 order they are specified on the command
397 line, starting with parport0.
407 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
408 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
409 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
410 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
411 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
412 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
413 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
414 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
415 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
416 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 1.
417 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 2.
418 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
419 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is done
420 to get a device order compatible with older kernels.
421 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
422 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
423 on several machines and they hang the machine when used,
424 but on other computers it's the only way to get the
425 interrupt routing table. Try this option if the kernel
426 is unable to allocate IRQs or discover secondary PCI
427 buses on your motherboard.
428 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
429 Use with caution as certain devices share address
430 decoders between ROMs and other resources.
431 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be assigned
432 automatically to PCI devices. You can make the kernel
433 exclude IRQs of your ISA cards this way.
434 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses till bus #N. Can be useful
435 if the kernel is unable to find your secondary buses
436 and you want to tell it explicitly which ones they are.
444 pirq= [SMP,APIC] mp-table.
446 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link.
448 profile= [KNL] enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
451 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
458 quiet= [KNL] Disable log messages.
464 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated].
469 ramdisk_size= [RAM] New name for the ramdisk parameter.
471 ramdisk_start= [RAM] Starting block of RAM disk image (so you can
472 place it after the kernel image on a boot floppy).
476 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] force the kernel to ignore some iomem area.
480 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot.
482 root= [KNL] root filesystem.
484 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot.
486 S [KNL] run init in single mode.
490 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter.
496 sg_def_reserved_size=
507 sonicvibes= [HW,SOUND]
513 soundmodem= [HW,AX25,SOUND] Use sound card as packet radio modem.
515 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter.
519 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.).
525 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs.
559 video= [FB] frame buffer configuration.
561 vga= [BOOT] on ix386, select a particular video mode
562 (use vga=ask for menu). This is actually a
563 boot loader parameter; the value is passed to
564 the kernel using a special protocol. See
565 linux/Documentation/i386/boot.txt for information.
571 waveartist= [HW,SOUND]
579 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.