Ok. I didn't make 2.4.0 in 2000. Tough. I tried, but we had some
[davej-history.git] / Documentation / kernel-parameters.txt
blobe1f608b84aa4e70e8fb39126b7c3cbad2393c575
1 July 2000                 Kernel Parameters                     v2.4.0
2                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order (defined      
6 as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a case
7 insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description state the
10 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
11 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
13         ACPI    ACPI support is enabled.
14         APIC    APIC support is enabled.
15         APM     Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
16         AX25    Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
17         CD      Appropriate CD support is enabled.
18         DEVFS   devfs support is enabled. 
19         DRM     Direct Rendering Management support is enabled. 
20         EIDE    EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
21         FB      The frame buffer device is enabled.
22         HW      Appropriate hardware is enabled.
23         IA-32   IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
24         IA-64   IA-64 architecture is enabled.
25         ISDN    Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
26         JOY     Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
27         LP      Printer support is enabled.
28         LOOP    Loopback device support is enabled.
29         M68k    M68k architecture is enabled. 
30         MCA     MCA bus support is enabled.
31         MDA     MDA console support is enabled.
32         MOUSE   Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
33         NET     Appropriate network support is enabled.
34         NFS     Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
35         PARIDE  The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
36         PCI     PCI bus support is enabled.
37         PCMCIA  The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
38         PNP     Plug & Play support is enabled.
39         PPT     Parallel port support is enabled.
40         PS2     Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
41         RAM     RAM disk support is enabled.
42         SCSI    Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
43         SERIAL  Serial support is enabled.
44         SMP     The kernel is an SMP kernel.
45         SOUND   Appropriate sound system support is enabled.
46         V4L     Video For Linux support is enabled.
47         VGA     The VGA console has been enabled.
48         VT      Virtual terminal support is enabled.
49         XT      IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
51 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
53         BUGS=   Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
54         KNL     Is a kernel start-up parameter.
55         BOOT    Is a boot loader parameter.
57 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
58 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
60 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
61 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
62 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
63 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
64 running once the system is up.
66         53c7xx=         [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers.
68         acpi=           [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 
70         ad1816=         [HW,SOUND]
72         ad1848=         [HW,SOUND]
74         adb_buttons=    [HW,MOUSE]
76         adlib=          [HW,SOUND]
78         advansys=       [HW,SCSI]
80         aedsp16=        [HW,SOUND]
82         aha152x=        [HW,SCSI]
84         aha1542=        [HW,SCSI]
86         aic7xxx=        [HW,SCSI]
88         AM53C974=       [HW,SCSI]
90         amijoy=         [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support 
92         apm=            [APM] Advanced Power Management.
94         applicom=       [HW]
96         arcrimi=        [HW,NET]
98         ataflop=        [HW,M68k]
100         atarimouse=     [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse.
102         atascsi=        [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI.
104         awe=            [HW,SOUND]
106         aztcd=          [HW,CD] Aztec CD driver.
108         baycom_epp=     [HW,AX25]
110         baycom_par=     [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem.
112         baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem in Full
113                         Duplex Mode.
115         baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem in Half
116                         Duplex Mode.
118         bmouse=         [HW,MOUSE,PS2] Bus mouse.
120         bttv.card=      [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards), most
121         bttv.radio=     important insmod options are available as kernel args too.
122         bttv.pll=       see Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
123         bttv.tuner=     and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
125         BusLogic=       [HW,SCSI]
127         cdu31a=         [HW,CD]
129         chandev=        [HW,NET] 
131         cm206=          [HW,CD]
133         com20020=       [HW,NET]
135         com90io=        [HW,NET]
137         com90xx=        [HW,NET]
139         condev=         [HW]
141         console=        [KNL] output console + comm spec (speed, control,
142                         parity).
144         cpia_pp=        [HW,PPT]
146         cs4232=         [HW,SOUND]
148         cs89x0_dma=     [HW,NET]
150         ctc=            [HW,NET]
152         cyclades=       [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
154         dasd=           [HW,NET]    
156         db9=            [HW,JOY]
158         db9_2=          [HW,JOY]
160         db9_3=          [HW,JOY]
162         debug           [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
164         decnet=         [HW,NET]
166         devfs=          [DEVFS]
168         digi=           [HW,SERIAL] io parameters + enable/disable command.
170         digiepca=       [HW,SERIAL]
172         dmascc=         [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
173                         support available.
175         dmasound=       [HW,SOUND] (sound subsystem buffers).
177         dtc3181e=       [HW,SCSI]
179         eata=           [HW,SCSI]
181         eda=            [HW,PS2]
183         edb=            [HW,PS2]
185         eicon=          [HW,ISDN] 
187         es1370=         [HW,SOUND]
189         es1371=         [HW,SOUND]
191         ether=          [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters (iomem, irq,
192                         dev_name).
194         fd_mcs=         [HW,SCSI]
196         fdomain=        [HW,SCSI]
198         floppy=         [HW]
200         ftape=          [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
202         gamma=          [HW,DRM]
204         gc=             [HW,JOY]
206         gc_2=           [HW,JOY]
207          
208         gc_3=           [HW,JOY]
210         gdth=           [HW,SCSI]
212         gscd=           [HW,CD]
214         gus=            [HW,SOUND] 
216         gvp11=          [HW,SCSI]
218         hd=             [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
219                         (Cyl/heads/sectors) or tune parameters.
221         hfmodem=        [HW,AX25]
223         hisax=          [HW,ISDN]
225         i810=           [HW,DRM]
227         ibmmcascsi=     [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter.
229         icn=            [HW,ISDN]
231         ide?=           [HW] (E)IDE subsystem : config (iomem/irq), tuning or
232                         debugging (serialize,reset,no{dma,tune,probe}) or
233                         chipset specific parameters.
234         
235         idebus=         [HW] (E)IDE subsystem : VLB/PCI bus speed.
237         idle=           [HW]
239         in2000=         [HW,SCSI]
241         init=           [KNL]
243         initrd=         [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk. 
245         ip=             [PNP]
247         isp16=          [HW,CD]
249         iucv=           [HW,NET] 
251         js=             [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
253         kbd-reset       [VT]
255         keep_initrd     [HW, ARM]
257         load_ramdisk=   [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy.
259         logi_busmouse=  [HW, MOUSE]
261         lp=0            [LP]    Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
262         lp=port[,port...]       lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
263         lp=reset                first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
264         lp=auto                 printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
265                                 specified in addition to the ports) causes
266                                 attached printers to be reset. Using
267                                 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
268                                 to associate lp devices with, starting with
269                                 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
270                                 that lp device, or a parport name such as
271                                 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
272                                 port specification list means that device IDs
273                                 from each port should be examined, to see if
274                                 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
275                                 so, the driver will manage that printer.
277         ltpc=           [HW]
279         mac5380=        [HW,SCSI]
281         mac53c9x=       [HW,SCSI]
282         
283         mad16=          [HW,SOUND]
285         maui=           [HW,SOUND]
287         max_loop=[0-255] [LOOP] Set the maximum number of loopback devices
288                                 that can be mounted.
290         maxcpus=        [SMP] States the maximum number of processors that
291                         an SMP kernel should make use of.
293         max_scsi_luns=  [SCSI]
295         mca-pentium     [BUGS=ix86]
297         mcd=            [HW,CD]
299         mcdx=           [HW,CD]
301         md=             [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level.
303         mdisk=          [HW]
305         mdacon=         [MDA]
307         megaraid=       [HW,SCSI]
309         mem=nn[KMG]     [KNL,BOOT] force use of a specific amount of
310                         memory; to be used when the kernel is not able
311                         to see the whole system memory or for test.
313         memfrac=        [KNL]
315         mga=            [HW,DRM]
317         mpu401=         [HW,SOUND]
319         msmouse=        [HW,MOUSE] Microsoft Mouse.
321         ncr5380=        [HW,SCSI]
323         ncr53c400=      [HW,SCSI]
325         ncr53c400a=     [HW,SCSI]
327         ncr53c406a=     [HW,SCSI]
329         ncr53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
331         netdev=         [NET]
333         nfsaddrs=       [NFS]
335         nfsroot=        [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
337         nmi_watchdog=   [KNL,BUGS=ix86] debugging features for SMP kernels.
339         no387           [BUGS=ix86] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
340                         emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
341                         is present.
343         noalign         [KNL,ARM] 
345         noapic          [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel not to make use of any
346                         APIC that may be present on the system.
348         noasync         [HW, M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
349                         all devices.
351         nocache         [ARM]
353         nodisconnect    [HW,SCSI, M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
355         nohlt           [BUGS=ARM]
357         no-hlt          [BUGS=ix86]
359         noinitrd        [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
360                         initial RAM disk.
362         nointroute      [IA-64]
364         no-scroll       [VGA]
366         nosmp           [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
368         nosync          [HW, M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
370         notsc           [BUGS=ix86] Disable Time Stamp Counter
372         nowb            [ARM]
374         opl3=           [HW,SOUND]
376         opl3sa=         [HW,SOUND]
378         opl3sa2=        [HW,SOUND]
380         optcd=          [HW,CD]
382         panic=          [KNL] kernel behaviour on panic.
384         parport=0       [HW,PPT]        Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
385         parport=auto                    Use 'auto' to force the driver to use
386         parport=0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]]       any IRQ/DMA settings detected (the
387                                         default is to ignore detected IRQ/DMA
388                                         settings because of possible
389                                         conflicts). You can specify the base
390                                         address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and
391                                         DMA should be numbers, or 'auto' (for
392                                         using detected settings on that
393                                         particular port), or 'nofifo' (to avoid
394                                         using a FIFO even if it is detected).
395                                         Parallel ports are assigned in the
396                                         order they are specified on the command
397                                         line, starting with parport0.
399         pas2=           [HW,SOUND]
401         pas16=          [HW,SCSI]
403         pcbit=          [HW,ISDN]
405         pcd.            [PARIDE]
407         pci=option[,option...]          [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
408                 off                     [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
409                 bios                    [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
410                                         the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
411                                         has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
412                 nobios                  [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
413                                         hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
414                                         if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
415                                         suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
416                 conf1                   [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 1.
417                 conf2                   [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 2.
418                 nosort                  [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
419                                         order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is done
420                                         to get a device order compatible with older kernels.
421                 biosirq                 [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
422                                         routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
423                                         on several machines and they hang the machine when used,
424                                         but on other computers it's the only way to get the
425                                         interrupt routing table. Try this option if the kernel
426                                         is unable to allocate IRQs or discover secondary PCI
427                                         buses on your motherboard.
428                 rom                     [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
429                                         Use with caution as certain devices share address
430                                         decoders between ROMs and other resources.
431                 irqmask=0xMMMM          [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be assigned
432                                         automatically to PCI devices. You can make the kernel
433                                         exclude IRQs of your ISA cards this way.
434                 lastbus=N               [IA-32] Scan all buses till bus #N. Can be useful
435                                         if the kernel is unable to find your secondary buses
436                                         and you want to tell it explicitly which ones they are.
438         pd.             [PARIDE]
440         pf.             [PARIDE]
442         pg.             [PARIDE]
444         pirq=           [SMP,APIC] mp-table.
446         plip=           [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link.
448         profile=        [KNL] enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
449                         (param:log level).
451         prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
452                         before loading.
454         pss=            [HW,SOUND] 
456         pt.             [PARIDE]
458         quiet=          [KNL] Disable log messages.
460         r128=           [HW,DRM]
462         raid=           [HW,RAID]
464         ramdisk=        [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated].
466         ramdisk_blocksize=
467                         [RAM]
469         ramdisk_size=   [RAM] New name for the ramdisk parameter.
471         ramdisk_start=  [RAM] Starting block of RAM disk image (so you can
472                         place it after the kernel image on a boot floppy).
474         reboot=         [BUGS=ix86]
476         reserve=        [KNL,BUGS] force the kernel to ignore some iomem area.
478         riscom8=        [HW,SERIAL]
480         ro              [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot.
482         root=           [KNL] root filesystem.
484         rw              [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot.
486         S               [KNL] run init in single mode.
488         sb=             [HW,SOUND]
490         sbpcd=          [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter.
492         scsi_logging=   [SCSI]
494         scsihosts=      [SCSI]
496         sg_def_reserved_size=
497                         [SCSI]
499         sgalaxy=        [HW,SOUND]
501         sim710=         [SCSI,HW]
503         sjcd=           [HW,CD]
505         smart2=         [HW]
507         sonicvibes=     [HW,SOUND]
509         sonycd535=      [HW,CD]
511         sound=          [SOUND]
513         soundmodem=     [HW,AX25,SOUND] Use sound card as packet radio modem.
515         specialix=      [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter.
517         sscape=         [HW,SOUND]
519         st=             [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.).
521         st0x=           [HW,SCSI]
523         stram_swap=     [HW]
525         swiotlb=        [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs.
527         switches=       [HW, M68K]
529         sym53c416=      [HW,SCSI]
531         sym53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
533         t128=           [HW,SCSI]
535         tdfx=           [HW,DRM]
537         tgfx=           [HW,JOY]
539         tgfx_2=         [HW,JOY]
541         tgfx_3=         [HW,JOY]
543         tmc8xx=         [HW,SCSI]
545         tmscsim=        [HW,SCSI]
547         tp720=          [HW,PS2]
549         trix=           [HW,SOUND]
551         u14-34f=        [HW,SCSI]
553         uart401=        [HW,SOUND]
555         uart6850=       [HW,SOUND]
557         usbfix          [BUGS=IA-64] 
559         video=          [FB] frame buffer configuration.
561         vga=            [BOOT] on ix386, select a particular video mode
562                         (use vga=ask for menu).  This is actually a
563                         boot loader parameter; the value is passed to
564                         the kernel using a special protocol.  See
565                         linux/Documentation/i386/boot.txt for information.
567         vmhalt=         [KNL,S390]
569         vmpoff=         [KNL,S390] 
571         waveartist=     [HW,SOUND]
573         wd33c93=        [HW,SCSI]
575         wd7000=         [HW,SCSI]
577         wdt=            [HW]
579         xd=             [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
581         xd_geo=         [HW,XT]