1 ##################################################################
3 ##################################################################
5 # - more elaborate pseudo-code in the io()-function
8 # - CNF_Rule has a function LHS() which returns head, in DMV_Rule this
9 # returns the pair of (bars, head).
12 # - CNF_Rule has __eq__ and __ne__ defined, so that we can use == and
13 # != on two such rules
16 # import numpy # numpy provides Fast Arrays, for future optimization
17 # import pprint # for pretty-printing
21 # some of dmv-module bleeding in here... todo: prettier (in inner())
26 '''Easily turn on/off inline debug printouts with this global. There's
27 a lot of cluttering debug statements here, todo: clean up'''
32 '''A single CNF rule in the PCFG, of the form
34 where these are just integers
35 (where do we save the connection between number and symbol?
36 symbols being 'vbd' etc.)'''
37 def __eq__(self, other):
38 return self.LHS() == other.LHS() and self.R == other.R and self.L == other.L
39 def __ne__(self, other):
40 return self.LHS() != other.LHS() or self.R != other.R or self.L != other.L
42 return "%s -> %s %s [%.2f]" % (self.head, self.L, self.R, self.prob)
43 def __init__(self, head, L, R, prob):
49 "Return a probability, doesn't care about attachment..."
55 '''The PCFG used in the I/O-algorithm.
57 Todo: as of now, this allows duplicate rules... should we check
58 for this? (eg. g = Grammar([x,x],[]) where x.prob == 1 may give
59 inner probabilities of 2.)'''
60 def rules(self, head):
61 return [rule for rule in self.p_rules if rule.head == head]
63 def __init__(self, p_rules, p_terminals):
64 '''rules and p_terminals should be arrays, where p_terminals are of
65 the form [preterminal, terminal], and rules are CNF_Rule's.'''
66 self.p_rules = p_rules # could check for summing to 1 (+/- epsilon)
67 self.p_terminals = p_terminals
71 def inner(s, t, LHS, g, sent, chart):
72 ''' Give the inner probability of having the node LHS cover whatever's
73 between s and t in sentence sent, using grammar g.
75 Returns a pair of the inner probability and the chart
77 For DMV, LHS is a pair (bar, h), but this function ought to be
80 e() is an internal function, so the variable chart (a dictionary)
81 is available to all calls of e().
83 Since terminal probabilities are just simple lookups, they are not
84 put in the chart (although we could put them in there later to
92 '''Chart has lists of probability and whether or not we've attached
93 yet to L and R, each entry is a list [p, Rattach, Lattach], where if
94 Rattach==True then the rule has a right-attachment or there is one
95 lower in the tree (meaning we're no longer adjacent).'''
96 if (s, t, LHS) in chart:
97 return chart[(s, t, LHS)]
99 debug( "trying from %d to %d with %s" % (s,t,LHS) )
101 if (LHS, O(s)) in g.p_terminals:
102 prob = g.p_terminals[LHS, O(s)] # b[LHS, O(s)]
104 prob = 0.0 # todo: is this the right way to deal with lacking rules?
105 print "\t LACKING TERMINAL:"
106 debug( "\t terminal: %s -> %s : %.1f" % (LHS, O(s), prob) )
107 # terminals have no attachment
110 if (s,t,LHS) not in chart:
111 # by default, not attachment yet
112 chart[(s,t,LHS)] = 0.0 #, False, False]
113 for rule in g.rules(LHS): # summing over j,k in a[LHS,j,k]
114 debug( "\tsumming rule %s" % rule )
117 for r in range(s, t): # summing over r = s to r = t-1
120 p = rule.p("todo","todo")
121 chart[(s, t, LHS)] += p * p_L * p_R
122 debug( "\tchart[(%d,%d,%s)] = %.2f" % (s,t,LHS, chart[(s,t,LHS)]) )
123 return chart[(s, t, LHS)]
126 inner_prob = e(s,t,LHS)
129 for k,v in chart.iteritems():
130 print "\t%s -> %s_%d ... %s_%d : %.1f" % (k[2], O(k[0]), k[0], O(k[1]), k[1], v)
131 print "---CHART:end---"
132 return [inner_prob, chart] # inner_prob == chart[(s,t,LHS)]
141 if __name__ == "__main__":
142 print "IO-module tests:"
144 s = CNF_Rule(0,1,2, 1.0) # s->np vp
145 np = CNF_Rule(1,3,4, 0.3) # np->n p
146 b[1, 'n'] = 0.7 # np->'n'
147 b[3, 'n'] = 1.0 # n->'n'
148 b[4, 'p'] = 1.0 # p->'p'
149 vp = CNF_Rule(2,5,1, 0.1) # vp->v np (two parses use this rule)
150 vp2 = CNF_Rule(2,2,4, 0.9) # vp->vp p
151 b[5, 'v'] = 1.0 # v->'v'
153 g = Grammar([s,np,vp,vp2], b)
161 test1 = inner(0,0, 1, g, ['n'], {})
163 print "should be 0.70 : %.2f" % test1[0]
167 test2 = inner(0,2, 2, g, ['v','n','p'], test1[1])
168 print "should be 0.?? (.09??) : %.2f" % test2[0]
169 print "------ trying the same again:----------"
170 test2 = inner(0,2, 2, g, ['v','n','p'], test2[1])
171 print "should be 0.?? (.09??) : %.2f" % test2[0]
174 ##################################################################
175 # just junk from here on down: #
176 ##################################################################
179 # "(pseudo-code / wishful thinking) "
180 # g = initialize(corpus) # or corpus.tagset ?
182 # P = {('v','n','p'):0.09}
183 # # P is used in v_q, w_q (expectation), so each sentence in the
184 # # corpus needs some initial P.
186 # # --- Maximation: ---
188 # # actually, this step (from Lari & Young) probably never happens
189 # # with DMV, since instead of the a[i,j,k] and b[i,m] vectors, we
190 # # have P_STOP and P_CHOOSE... or, in a sense it happens only we
191 # # calculate P_STOP and P_CHOOSE..somehow.
192 # for rule in g.p_rules:
195 # for pre_term in range(len(g.p_terminals)):
196 # ptnum[pre_term] = 0
197 # ptden[pre_term] = 0
199 # # we could also flip this to make rules the outer loop, then we
200 # # wouldn't have to initialize den/num in loops of their own
201 # for sent in corpus:
202 # for rule in g.p_rules # Equation 20
203 # for s in range(len(sent)):
204 # for t in range(s, len(sent)):
205 # rule.num += w(s,t, rule.LHS(),rule.L,rule.R, g, sent, P[sent])
206 # rule.den += v(s,t, rule.LHS(), g, sent, P[sent])
207 # # todo: do we need a "new-prob" vs "old-prob" distinction here?
208 # probably, since we use inner/outer which checks rule.prob()
209 # # todo: also, this wouldn't work, since for each sentence, we'd
210 # # discard the old probability; should rules be the outer
212 # rule.prob = rule.num / rule.den
213 # for pre_term in range(len(g.p_terminals)): # Equation 21
216 # for s in range(len(sent)):
217 # for t in range(s, len(sent)):
218 # num += v(t,t,pre_term, g, sent, P[sent])
219 # den += v(s,t,pre_term, g, sent, P[sent])
221 # for rule in g.rules:
222 # rule.prob = rule.num / rule.den
223 # for pre_term in range(len(g.p_terminals)):
224 # g.p_terminals[pre_term] = ptnum[pre_term] / ptden[pre_term]
227 # # --- Expectation: ---
228 # for sent in corpus: # Equation 11
229 # inside = inner(0, len(sent), ROOT, g, sent)
230 # P[sent] = inside[0]
232 # # todo: set inner.chart to {} again, how?
234 # # todo: need a old-P new-P distinction to check if we're below
235 # # threshold difference
238 # def w(s,t, LHS,L,R, g, sent, P_sent):
240 # rule = g.rule(LHS, L, R)
241 # for r in range(s, t):
242 # w += rule.prob() * inner(s,r, L, g, sent) * inner(r+1, t, R, g, sent) * outer(s,t,LHS,g,sent)
245 # def v(s,t, LHS, g, sent, P_sent):
246 # return ( inner(s,t, LHS, g, sent) * outer(s,t, LHS, g, sent) ) / P_sent