languages/spanish.txt

   1                                                                                                                                         27feb2002
   2                      _____________________
   3                     |                     |
   4                    <     Pronunciation     >
   5                     |_____________________|
   6
   7     Vowels.
   8     A               like 'a' in father
   9     I               like 'ee' in feet
  10     O               like 'oa' in boat or 'o' in 'bone'
  11     E               generally like 'e' in met in the begining of word
  12     U               generally like 'oo' in boot
  13
  14     Consonants.
  15     C               generally like 'c' in car
  16     CH              like 'ch' in church
  17     F               like 'f' in fox
  18     K               the same like in english
  19     M               like 'm' in mother
  20     P               like 'p' in spot
  21     Q               like k (u after q not pronounced)
  22     S               like 's' in simple
  23     T               like 't' in stop
  24     W               like 'w' in water
  25     Y               like in english
  26                      _______________
  27                     |               |
  28                    <      Nouns      >
  29                     |_______________|
  30
  31 Masculine: -o/-os (sing/plural) el
  32 Faminine:  -a/-as (sing/plural) la
  33 Neuter: n/a
  34
  35 un hombre           a man
  36 unos hombres        some men
  37 el hombre           the man
  38 los hombros         the man (pl)
  39 el hombre gordo     the fat man
  40 he is fat           El es gordo
  41
  42 una mujer           a woman
  43 unas mujeres        some women
  44 la mujer            the woman
  45 las mujeres         the woman
  46 la mujer gorda      the fat woman
  47 Ella es gorda       she is fat
  48
  49 Plural - basic rule.
  50 If word ends w/ consonant add -es,if unaccented vowel -s.
  51
  52 un arbol(1 tree)    dos arboles(2 trees)
  53 el actor            los actores
  54 el hotel            los hoteles
  55 un perro(1 dog)     dos perros(2 dogs)       tres perros(3 dogs)
  56 un rey(1 king)      quatro reyes(4 kings)
  57        - orthographic changes
  58 Words that ends w/ -z changes to -ces and if addition of -es would change
  59 which syllable gets the accent, an accent is either dropped or added.
  60
  61 el juez(the judge)  los jueces(the judges)
  62 una vez(once)       dos veces(twice)
  63 el ingles           los ingleses(the englishmen)
  64 la cancion(the song)las canciones
  65 el examen           los examenes
  66                      ________________
  67                     |                |
  68                    <     Pronouns     >
  69                     |________________|
  70
  71  types       | purpose           | examples
  72 _____________|___________________|____________________________________________
  73              |replace the subject| yo (i), tu(you), el(he), ella(she),
  74  subject     |of a sentence      | ellos/ellas(they)
  75 _____________|___________________|____________________________________________
  76              |replave noun while | este/esta(this one), esa(that one),
  77 demonstrative|pointing to it     | aquellos(those ones)
  78 _____________|___________________|____________________________________________
  79              |funcs as objs of   |
  80 object       |verb or preposition|
  81 _____________|___________________|
  82              |obj of verb refer  |
  83 reflexive    |to the same person |
  84 _____________|___________________|
  85              |refers to something|
  86 possesive    |owned by someone   |
  87 _____________|___________________|____________________________________________
  88              |refer to non speci-|Algo(something),nadie(nobody),
  89 indefinite   |people or things   |
  90 _____________|___________________|____________________________________________
  91              |
  92 relative     |
  93 _____________|___________________|____________________________________________
  94              |
  95 interrogative|
  96 _____________|___________________|____________________________________________
  97
  98                      ________________
  99                     |                |
 100                    <     Greetings    >
 101                     |________________|
 102
 103 Hola                 hello
 104 Adios                bye
 105 Como esta(s)         how r u?
 106 Muy bien,gracias     very well,thank u
 107 Buenos dias          good morning
 108 Buenas tardes        good afternoon
 109 Buenas noches        good night
 110 Como te va
 111 Que tal
 112 Que hay
 113 Que pasa             what's happening
 114 Bienvenido           welcome
 115
 116                      ________________
 117                     |                |
 118                    <      Colours     >
 119                     |________________|
 120
 121 amarillo            yellow
 122 anaranjado          orange
 123 azul                blue
 124 blanco              white
 125 dorado              gold
 126 gris                gray
 127 marron              brown
 128 negro               black
 129 purpura             purple
 130 rojo                red
 131 rosado              pink
 132 verde               green
 133
 134 beige               beige
 135 cereza              cherry
 136 chocolate           chocolate
 137 esmeralda           emerald
 138 grana               dark red
 139 humo                smoky
 140 lila                lilac
 141